Authentication Applications Research Articles

Strategic Combination of Isocratic and Gradient Elution for Simultaneous Separation of Polar Compounds in Traditional Chinese Medicines by HPLC.

A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous separation of the highly polar and weakly polar components of traditional Chinese medicines was developed via a strategic combination of isocratic and gradient elution methods. Liu-Shen-Wan and Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan were used as representative examples of traditional Chinese medicines. This is the first time that 6 components of varying degrees of polarity in Liu-Shen-Wan had been successfully resolved in a single chromatographic run using an ultraviolet-visible detector with a fixed wavelength of 296 nm. In contrast to conventional gradient separation methods, this novel method offered a viable route for separation of the highly and weakly polar fractions simultaneously, thus greatly reducing the time and cost of analysis. This method therefore provides a more efficient way to determine the polar components present in traditional Chinese medicines. It would find potential application in drug screening, drug authentication, and product quality control.

Application of hierarchic authentication to isogenies of elliptic curves for providing safety of data routing in the systems of analysis of digital production traffic

The article discusses the peculiarities of the process of information routing in the course of acquisition and processing big data of digital production, including systems of traffic analysis. Such a specific features variability of physical nodes-processors with the retention of functional stringency of order of information processing is distinguished. Inordertoprovidesafetyofthedescribedprocessofinformationprocessingand possibility of restoration of a chain of processing every fragment of data, the authors offer a protocol of hierarchic authentication developed thereby on isogenies of elliptic curves. The work includes algorithms of shaping parameters, generation of keys, generation and checking signature. The evaluation of signature stability again basic types of attacks has been performed. A solution offered by the authors can be used both in traditional and, in future, in quantum systems. A simulation of corresponding signature dimensions has been performed in the work.

Student Facial Authentication Model based on OpenCV’s Object Detection Method and QR Code for Zambian Higher Institutions of Learning

Facial biometrics captures human facial physiological data, converts it into a data item variable so that this stored variable may be used to provide information security services, such as authentication, integrity management or identification that grants privileged access or control to the owner of that data variable. In this paper, we propose a model for student authentication based on facial biometrics. We recommend a secure model that can be used in the authentication and management of student information in the registration and access of resources, such as bursaries, student accommodation and library facilities at the University of Zambia. Since the model is based on biometrics, a baseline study was carried out to collect data from the general public, government entities, commercial banks, students, ICT regulators and schools on their understanding, use and acceptance of biometrics as an authentication tool. Factor analysis has been used to analyze the findings. The study establishes that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and user privacy are key determinants for application of a biometric multimode authentication. The study further demonstrates that education and work experience are regulating factors on acceptance and expectancy of a biometric authentication system. Based on these results, we then developed a biometric model that can be used to perform authentication for students in higher learning institutions in Zambia. The results of our proposed model show 66% acceptance rate using OpenCV.

Highly stable perovskite nanogels as inks for multicolor luminescent authentication applications

Full-spectral emissive perovskite nanogels present outstandingly improved photo-stability, thermal-stability and humidity-stability for anti-counterfeiting two-dimensional barcode application.

Biometric Authentication for Gender Classification Techniques: A Review

One of the challenging biometric authentication applications is gender identification and age classification, which captures gait from far distance and analyze physical information of the subject such as gender, race and emotional state of the subject. It is found that most of the gender identification techniques have focused only with frontal pose of different human subject, image size and type of database used in the process. The study also classifies different feature extraction process such as, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Local Directional Pattern (LDP) that are used to extract the authentication features of a person. This paper aims to analyze different gender classification techniques that help in evaluating strength and weakness of existing gender identification algorithm. Therefore, it helps in developing a novel gender classification algorithm with less computation cost and more accuracy. In this paper, an overview and classification of different gender identification techniques are first presented and it is compared with other existing human identification system by means of their performance.

Near-Field Chipless-RFID System With High Data Capacity for Security and Authentication Applications

A high data capacity chipless radio frequency identification (chipless-RFID) system, useful for security and authentication applications, is presented in this paper. Reading is based on the near-field coupling between the tag, a chain of identical split-ring resonators (SRRs) printed on a (typically flexible) dielectric substrate (e.g., liquid crystal polymer, plastic, and paper), and the reader. Encoding is achieved by the presence or absence of SRRs at predefined (equidistant) positions in the chain, and tag identification (ID) is based on sequential bit reading. Namely, the tag must be longitudinally displaced, at short distance, over the reader, a microstrip line loaded with an SRR and fed by a harmonic signal. By this means, the harmonic signal is amplitude modulated, and the (ID) code is contained in the envelope function, which can be obtained by means of an envelope detector. With this system, tag reading requires proximity with the reader, but this is not an issue in many applications within the domain of security and authentication (e.g., secure paper for corporate documents and certificates). Several circularly shaped 40-bit encoders (implemented in a commercial microwave substrate), and the corresponding reader, are designed and fabricated as proof-of-concept demonstrators. Strategies for programming the tags and a first proof-of-concept chipless-RFID tag fabricated on plastic substrate through inkjet printing are included in this paper.

Decoding DNA labels by melting curve analysis using real-time PCR.

Synthetic DNA has been used as an authentication code for a diverse number of applications. However, existing decoding approaches are based on either DNA sequencing or the determination of DNA length variations. Here, we present a simple alternative protocol for labeling different objects using a small number of short DNA sequences that differ in their melting points. Code amplification and decoding can be done in two steps using quantitative PCR (qPCR). To obtain a DNA barcode with high complexity, we defined 8 template groups, each having 4 different DNA templates, yielding 158 (>2.5 billion) combinations of different individual melting temperature (Tm) values and corresponding ID codes. The reproducibility and specificity of the decoding was confirmed by using the most complex template mixture, which had 32 different products in 8 groups with different Tm values. The industrial applicability of our protocol was also demonstrated by labeling a drone with an oil-based paint containing a predefined DNA code, which was then successfully decoded. The method presented here consists of a simple code system based on a small number of synthetic DNA sequences and a cost-effective, rapid decoding protocol using a few qPCR reactions, enabling a wide range of authentication applications.

Application of next generation semiconductor based sequencing for species identification in dairy products

In this study, we applied a next generation sequencing (NGS) technology (Ion Torrent) for species identification based on three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions amplified on DNA extracted from dairy products. Sequencing reads derived from three libraries, obtained from artificial DNA pools or from pooled amplicons, were used to test the method. Then, sequencing results from five libraries obtained from two mixed goat and cow milk samples, one buffalo mozzarella cheese, one goat crescenza cheese and one artisanal cured ricotta cheese, were able to detect all expected species in addition to undeclared species in a few of them. Mining generated reads it was possible to identify different dairy species mitotypes and the presence of human DNA that could constitute a potential marker to monitor the hygienic level of dairy products. Overall results demonstrated the usefulness of NGS for species identification in food products and its possible application for food authentication.

Implementing traceability using particle randomness-based textile printed tags

This article introduces a random particle-based traceability tag for textiles. The proposed tag not only act as a unique signature for the corresponding textile product but also possess the features such as easy to manufacture and hard to copy. It seeks applications in brand authentication and traceability in textile and clothing (T&C) supply chain. A prototype has been developed by screen printing process, in which micron-scale particles were mixed with the printing paste and printed on cotton fabrics to attain required randomness. To encode the randomness, the image of the developed tag was taken and analyzed using image processing. The randomness of the particles acts as a product key or unique signature which is required to decode the tag. Finally, washing and abrasion resistance tests were conducted to check the durability of the printed tag.

Robust face anti-spoofing with depth information

With the prevalence of face authentication applications, the prevention of malicious attack from fake faces such as photos or videos, i.e., face anti-spoofing, has attracted much attention recently. However, while an increasing number of works on the face anti-spoofing have been reported based on 2D RGB cameras, most of them cannot handle various attacking methods. In this paper we propose a robust representation jointly modeling 2D textual information and depth information for face anti-spoofing. The textual feature is learned from 2D facial image regions using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the depth representation is extracted from images captured by a Kinect. A face in front of the camera is classified as live if it is categorized as live using both cues. We collected a face anti-spoofing experimental dataset with depth information, and reported extensive experimental results to validate the robustness of the proposed method.

Security Attacks and Enhancements to Chaotic Map-Based RFID Authentication Protocols

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been increasingly integrated into numerous applications for authentication of objects or individuals. However, because of its limited computation power, RFID technology may cause several security and privacy issues such as tracking the owner of the tag, cloning of the tags and etc. Recently, two chaotic map-based authentication protocols have been proposed for low-cost RFID tags in order to eliminate these issues. In this paper, we give the security analysis of these protocols and uncover their weaknesses. We prove that these protocols are vulnerable to tag tracing, tag impersonation and de-synchronization attacks. The attack complexity of an adversary is polynomial and the success probability of these attacks are substantial. Moreover, we also propose an improved RFID authentication protocol that employs Chebyshev chaotic maps and complies with the EPC global Class 1 Generation 2 standard. Finally, we show that our protocol is resistant against those security issues.

Geographic Characterization of Leccinum rugosiceps by Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectral Fusion

ABSTRACTLeccinum rugosiceps is an edible mushroom belonging to genus Leccinum of Boletaceae. Its fruiting bodies are richer in nutrients than many vegetables and fruit. The model of support vector machine was established for the discrimination of L. rugosiceps from regions based on rapid and low-cost ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies. The mid-level data fusion was performed by support vector machine. Compared to a single spectroscopic technique, mid-level data fusion provided higher accuracy by selecting the most significant variance from data matrixes based on partial least squares discriminant analysis. The accuracy of the classification of samples in the calibration and test sets were 85.00 and 94.74%, higher than separate measurements by ultraviolet or infrared spectroscopy. This approach has applications for authentication and quality assessment of L. rugosiceps.

Fast and reliable PUF response evaluation from unsettled bistable rings

Bistable ring (BR) based strong PUFs are promising candidates for lightweight authentication applications. It has been observed that a good ‘0’/‘1’-balance of their responses correlates with longer settling times. This is problematic, since the state-of-the-art evaluation method requires the BR to be settled in order to generate a reliable PUF response. We show that settling times can easily extend beyond 100 ms for 70 percent of the responses in the TBR PUF, which is a BR-based PUF with good ‘0’/‘1’-balance characteristics. Hence, it is practically impossible to wait for all BRs to settle, which results in a reliability penalty. In order to solve this problem, we present three new methods, which allow the evaluation of unsettled BRs with increased reliability compared to the state-of-the-art method. We were able to improve response reliability from 81 percent to up to 98.5 percent and achieve response reliabilities of 97 percent at an evaluation time of 320 ns. This enables the fast and reliable use of BR-based PUFs in strong PUF applications.

Fuzzy identity-based signature scheme from lattice and its application in biometric authentication

Fuzzy identity-based signature scheme from lattice and its application in biometric authentication

Game-Based Privacy Analysis of RFID Security Schemes for Confident Authentication in IoT

Recently, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication systems are found in various user-friendly services that all of us deal with in our daily lives. As these systems are ubiquitously deployed in different authentication and identification applications, inferring information about our behavior will be possible by monitoring our use of them. In order to provide privacy and security requirements of RFID users in novel authentication applications, lots of security schemes have been proposed which have tried to provide secure and untraceable communication for end-users. In this paper, we investigate the privacy of three RFID security schemes which have been proposed recently. For privacy analysis, we use the well-known RFID formal privacy model proposed by Ouafi and Phan. We show that all the studied protocols have some privacy drawbacks, making them vulnerable to various traceability attacks. Moreover, in order to overcome all the reported weaknesses and prevent the presented attacks, we apply some modifications in the structures of the studied protocols and propose an improved version of each one. Our analyses show that the modified protocols are more efficient than their previous versions and new modifications can omit all the existing weaknesses on the analyzed protocols. Finally, we compare the modified protocols with some new-found RFID authentication protocols in the terms of security and privacy.

Novel watermarking scheme for image authentication using vector quantization approach

In this paper a new invisible watermarking algorithm using vector quantization (VQ) approach for image content authentication application is proposed. At the first stage, a robust verification watermark is embedded using properties of indices of vector quantized image using key based approach. At the second stage, the semi-fragile watermark is embedded by using modified index key based (MIKB) method. Robust watermark andVQenhance the security of the system by providing its double protection. The semi-fragile watermark is utilized for the authentication of the received image. Blind extraction of the watermark is performed independently in two successive steps i.e. in the order of embedding. Further, in oder to classify quantitatively an incidental or intentional attack, which at present is not being followed, a quantitative threshold approach using pixel neighborhood clustering is suggested. The existing methods employ the qualitative approach of identifying incidental or intentional attacks. Imperceptibility of watermarked image is 41 dB on the average, and it is also possible to detect and locate tamper with very high sensitivity. The present scheme is compared with the existing algorithms. The performance of proposed algorithm has been tested on various practical images. It outperforms in distinguishing malicious tampering from content preserving changes and the tampered regions are accurately localized.

Implementasi Keamanan pada Transaksi Data Menggunakan Sertifikat Digital X.509

Security issues have become a major issue on the Internet. One of the security methods that are widely used today is to implement a digital certificate. Digital certificates have evolved over time, one of which is the X.509 digital certificate. Digital certificates have been widely used as authentication applications, web network authentication and other authentication systems that require digital certificates. This research is carried out by implementing an X.509 digital certificate technology as a mobile web service with its client. Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), Diffie-Hellman, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are used to secure the data exchange transaction between the web service and mobile phone. SHA algorithm will be used for user authentication, Diffie-Hellman algorithm will be used for public key exchange and AES algorithms will be used for symmetric cryptography data. The results of the application of digital certificates, the SHA algorithm, Diffie-Hellman, and AES in mobile phone applications, provide security application running on web service.
 Index Terms—Digital Certificate, X.509, SHA, Diffie Hellman, AES

A Strategic Design of an Opto-Chemical Security Device with Resettable and Reconfigurable Password Based Upon Dual Channel Two-in-One Chemosensor Molecule

A simple strategy is proposed to design and develop an intelligent device based on dual channel ion responsive spectral properties of a commercially available molecule, harmine (HM). The system can process different sets of opto-chemical inputs generating different patterns as fluorescence outputs at specific wavelengths which can provide an additional level of protection exploiting both password and pattern recognitions. The proposed system could have the potential to come up with highly secured combinatorial locks at the molecular level that could pose valuable real time and on-site applications for user authentication.

Improving Security of Lightweight Authentication Technique for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the great application of user authentication and key agreement protocol is to access sensor information securely over the insecure networks. Recently, Kalra and Sood proposed an efficient smart card based authentication protocol to exchange confidential information securely between the user and sensor node. We review the security of Kalra and Sood scheme and observe that their scheme is vulnerable to stolen smart card attack, stolen verifier attack and impersonation attack. The entire analysis indicates that there is a need of secure and user-friendly authentication mechanism for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To ensure secure communication in WSNs, we improve the security of the authentication mechanism for WSNs. The main intention of this paper is to confiscate the mentioned security attacks by proposing an efficient authentication protocol using smart card. To validate security attributes, we have used well-popular AVISPA simulation tool whose results shows that the proposed protocol is SAFE under OFMC and CL-AtSe models. Further, the performance analysis shows its efficiency.

Development of High Quality EST-SSR Markers Without Stutter Bands in Peach and Their Application in Cultivar Discrimination and Hybrid Authentication

Peach (Prunus persica) is an important fruit crop worldwide with several thousand cultivars. Cultivar discrimination and hybrid authentication are often required in peach breeding and can be achieved by applying various molecular markers including simple sequence repeat (SSR). In this study a total of 2146 expressed sequence tag (EST)–SSR loci were detected with the 10,737 EST sequences retrieved from the NCBI. A total of 49 EST-SSR markers, including 24 simple ones with a motif comprising of tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexanucleotides, and 25 compound ones, were selected and then primers were designed. Following conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specificity control and sequence authentication, as well as fluorescence-based PCR product size and stutter band evaluation, 37 EST-SSR markers with correct amplification and without stutter band interference were validated. Among them, 14 were polymorphic in 18 closely related peach accessions, with polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.0994 to 0.3750. The 18 peach accessions can be distinguished using nine polymorphic markers, with the exception of ‘Shangshandayulu’ and ‘Xipu 1’, both being bud sports from ‘Yulu’. The clustering of the accessions as well as the fingerprint profiles supported the authentication of the hybrids. These EST-SSR markers are useful for peach breeding research.