Authentic Websites Research Articles

Combating the Hidden Threat: A Survey of Cryptojacking

The illicit use of computer resources for mining cryptocurrencies, or "cryptojacking," has become a common cyberthreat in the online world. This analysis explores the various aspects of cryptojacking and the sly methods that attackers use. We look at how malicious scripts can be hidden and used to steal processing power for nefarious purposes in seemingly authentic websites or ads. We also look into how cryptojacking affects people, companies, and vital infrastructure, pointing out possible issues including service interruptions, data breaches, and performance degradation. The study concludes by examining mitigating techniques, such as network segmentation for enterprises, user education, and strong security software, to counter this growing threat. We can protect our digital assets and negotiate the always shifting danger landscape by being aware of the techniques, effects, and possible countermeasures against cryptojacking.Cryptojacking can lead to performance degradation, increased energy bills, and data breaches

A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Eclipta alba (Keekirindiya-Bhringarāja)

This review article contributes to clarifying the pharmacological properties of Eclipta alba (Bhringarāja) which is traditionally used in medicaments in so many countries such as Sri Lanka, India, China, Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Nepal, Malaysia, Myanmar, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Pakistan, etc. Pharmaceutical products containing Eclipta alba have been used for different kinds of diseases and Bhringarāja had been mentioned in different types of prescriptions; especially in Samhitha Grantha. The main objective of this literature review is a discussion about pharmacological activities of Eclipta alba (Bhringarāja) and to provide an integrated, synthesized overview of the current state of knowledge on Eclipta alba (Bhringarāja) with Ayurvedic and traditional medical knowledge. The systemic literature review was carried out to gather authentic information on Eclipta alba (Bhringarāja). Relevant data for this study were gathered from Ayurveda textbooks, research papers, peer-reviewed indexed scientific journals, and authentic websites. Eclipta alba (Bhringarāja) is a small branched perennial herb, found in sandy and clay soils (waterlogged areas). Research article shows that Eclipta alba (Bhringarāja) has numerous medicinal properties such as Hepatoprotective, Hair growthpromoting, Antidiabetic, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Neuropharmacological, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cardiovascular, Immunomodulatory, Anti-epilepsy, Anti-venom, Anticancer, Antiulcer, Anthelmintic and Anti- hyperlipedic properties. The reason for these properties is stated to be its major chemical compounds such as wedelolactone, dimethyl wedeloctone, ecliptal, etc. I found through this research that most of the therapeutic actions such as Śōthara, Vedanāsthāpana, Vraṇaśodhana, Vraṇarōpaṇa, Savarṇakaraṇa, Chakshushya, Keśavardhana, Keśaranjana, etc. have been mentioned in Samhitha Grantha and Ayurveda pharmacopeia. Those actions have been confirmed by modern laboratory tests, clinical trials, and animal trials. 
 Keywords: Eclipta alba, Bhringarāja, Ayurveda, Pharmacological activities.

Intelligent Phishing Website Detection Model Powered by Deep Learning Techniques

Phishing websites or URLs differ from software flaws as they exploit human vulnerabilities rather than technical weaknesses. Various methods exist to undermine the security of an internet user, but the most prevalent approach is phishing. This sort of assault aims to acquire or exploit a user's personal data, including passwords, credit card details, identity, and account information. Phishers gather user information by pretending to be authentic websites that are visually indistinguishable. Users' confidential data can be potentially retrieved, exposing them to the possibility of financial detriment or identity fraud. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement to develop a system that efficiently identifies phishing websites. This research presents three discrete deep learning methodologies for identifying phishing websites, which involve the use of long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) for comparison, and ultimately an LSTM-CNN-based methodology. The experimental results confirm the precision of the proposed methods, specifically 99.2%, 97.6%, and 96.8% for CNN, LSTM–CNN, and LSTM, respectively. The CNN-based technology displayed a superior phishing detection mechanism.

Collection of Weather Data from Authentic Websites and Secondary Data Sources for Rainfall Prediction

The field of data mining and machine learning has been grown many folds from the last two decades. Almost every other problem can be solved using data mining and this becomes the most tempting part of it for the scientist and researchers all over the world. Data mining can be viewed as a process of discovering knowledge. This discovery of knowledge starts with the collection of data and ends with the acquired knowledge in the form of patterns. Data collection lays the foundation for the process of knowledge discovery. In this paper, various secondary data sources from where data can be collected for rainfall prediction are deeply studied and analyzed. Some of these authentic websites and secondary data sources are NCDC (National climate data center), Kaggle, Datahub.io, UCI machine learning repository, Earth Data etc. The data collected from these secondary data sources for rainfall prediction have been critically analyzed and compared on the parameters of Accuracy, Completeness, reliability, relevance, and timeliness.

Is Gender Discrimination Affected Women Status and Empowerment in India?

The development of any society depends on the status of women in the society. Fifty per cent of the World’s population comprises of women, in this male dominated society, women have always suffered. We need to make the women of our country strong socially, economically, psychologically and politically we need to tell the men of our country about their wrongdoings. In India Women’s political participation and representation has been affecting by the gender issues , but without active participation and well representation women will not certainly acquire higher positions. This paper aims to examine the reasons for gender gap in politics, and it also attempts to explain the participation of women as leader and as citizen, here researcher has adopted the qualitative method and data is collected from the journals, articles, published books and authentic websites

Using remote sensing approach to analyze vegetation response to drought and landscape changes in arid regions

Arid regions, characterized by low annual precipitation, unique vegetation, and distinctive hydrological cycles, play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance. However, these regions, with their hostile and remote environments, present unique challenges for field research. This study utilizes remote sensing technology, particularly the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), to evaluate the ecosystem's response to drought and understand the relationship between vegetation variability and other landscape features including elevation, soil type, and changes in land use or land cover. Six sites within the city, each of 100 square kilometers and representing diverse landscapes, were selected for the study. Key datasets describing land features were collected from official and authentic websites. A series of ArcGIS-based data processing methods were applied to discern patterns in the relationship between landscape features and vegetation variability, with a particular focus on periods of wet and dry years. The wet and dry years are identified as 2005 and 2009 respectively, based on average rainfall data. Notably, NDVI values in the wet year are consistently higher than in the dry year, with the greatest differences observed in undeveloped or shrubland areas (sites 3, 5, and 6). In terms of land cover, urban development increases in sites 1, 2, and 4 between 2004 and 2008, while shrubland decreases in sites 3, 5, and 6. This development corresponds to a contraction of vegetation cover. The study areas are primarily characterized by loamy soils, with variations in clay and sand composition. These findings underscore the impacts of rainfall and urban development on vegetation health in arid regions.

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices in the Dairy Industry: A Comparative Study of Leading Dairy Firms and Future Research Directives

The Indian dairy industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world which employs millions of farmers directly and also participates more than five per cent in the economy as well. As the industry continues to expand there is a growing need to adopt sustainable practices in the supply chain to minimize negative impact on the environment and society and ensure viability. The present research aims at examining the supply chain management practices of the two leading dairy firms -Amul and Danone. The study relies primarily on secondary sources like peer-reviewed journals, authentic websites and reports. A case study-based approach has predominantly been used to compare two leading firms in the dairy industry with respect to sustainable practices across the supply chain. Key aspects such as the scale of dairy production, technology adoption, pricing, traditional supply chain management, artificial intelligence in sustainable supply chains and logistics management in select dairy firms have been critically reviewed for comparison purposes. The study identified the various problems and challenges being faced by the Indian dairy industry. The study found that Amul and Danone both have focused on sustainable and green practices. However, Danone’s ability to incorporate and enable technology has helped in improving efficiency across the supply chain making the chain sustainable. On the other hand, Amul lacked the adaptation of emerging technologies across its supply chain. The study suggested the exploration of artificial intelligence that might help in achieving a sustainable supply chain in Indian dairy firms.

Trofinetide for Rett Syndrome: Highlights on the Development and Related Inventions of the First USFDA-Approved Treatment for Rare Pediatric Unmet Medical Need.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unmet medical need. RTT was recognized in 1966. However, over the past 56 years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has authorized no effective treatment for RTT. Recently, Trofinetide was approved by the USFDA on 10 March 2023 as the first RTT treatment. This article underlines the pharmaceutical advancement, patent literature, and prospects of Trofinetide. The data for this study were gathered from the PubMed database, authentic websites (Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Neuren Pharmaceuticals, and USFDA), and free patent databases. Trofinetide was first disclosed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals in 2000 as a methyl group containing analog of the naturally occurring neuroprotective tripeptide called glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE). The joint efforts of Acadia Pharmaceuticals and Neuren Pharmaceuticals have developed Trofinetide. The mechanism of action of Trofinetide is not yet well established. However, it is supposed to improve neuronal morphology and synaptic functioning. The patent literature revealed a handful of inventions related to Trofinetide, providing excellent and unexplored broad research possibilities with Trofinetide. The development of innovative Trofinetide-based molecules, combinations of Trofinetide, patient-compliant drug formulations, and precise MECP2-mutation-related personalized medicines are foreseeable. Trofinetide is in clinical trials for some neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including treating Fragile X syndrome (FXS). It is expected that Trofinetide may be approved for treating FXS in the future. The USFDA-approval of Trofinetide is one of the important milestones for RTT therapy and is the beginning of a new era for the therapy of RTT, FXS, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), brain injury, stroke, and other NDDs.

Assessing everyday functional activity in cognitively impaired people with multiple sclerosis: The use of Actual RealityTM

Background: There is considerable evidence that persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who experience cognitive impairments (CIs) are at risk of having significant limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs). However, ADL assessment often consists of proxies or self-report of ADLs. This study examined whether the performance of instrumental ADLs (I-ADL) is impaired in PwMS with and without CI. Methods: Participants included 72 PwMS and 48 matched healthy controls (HCs). PwMS were divided into MS-CI (n = 25) and MS-not-impaired (n = 47) groups based on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) scores. All participants performed the Actual RealityTM (AR) test, measuring I-ADL using authentic websites. Results: The MS-CI performed significantly worse on AR compared with HC and MS-not-impaired. In addition, the MS-not-impaired performed significantly worse than HC on AR. AR differentiates well between PwMS with and without CI. Conclusions: While CI in MS results in significant limitations in the performance of I-ADL, PwMS who do not show evidence of CI can have limitations in I-ADL. AR assessment is a valid and reliable tool sensitive to CI. It should be used in addition to traditional cognitive assessments to detect early functional deterioration through the course of MS.

Pharmacological activities of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Bhringaraja): A Review

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, family: Asteraceae (Bhringaraja) is traditionally used in medicaments in Asian countries including Sri Lanka. Pharmaceutical products containing Eclipta alba (E.alba) have been used for different kinds of diseases and it had been mentioned in different types of prescriptions in Authentic texts in Ayurveda (Samhitha Grantha). Objective of this review is to discuss about the pharmacological activities and provides an integrated, synthesized overview of the current state of knowledge on E. alba with Ayurvedic and traditional knowledge. Data collected from Ayurveda texts, research papers, peer-reviewed indexed scientific journals, and authentic websites. E. alba is a small branched perennial herb, found in sandy and clay soils as waterlogged areas. E. alba has hepatoprotective, hair growth promoting, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacological, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular, immunomodulatory, anti-epilepsy, anti-venom, anticancer, antiulcer, anthelmintic, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. The reason for these properties is stated to be its major chemical compounds such as wedelolactone, dimethyl wedeloctone, ecliptic, etc. Therapeutic actions such as relieving swelling (Sothahara), relieving pains (Vedana Sthapana), purifying wounds (Vrana shodhana), wound healing (Vrana ropaṇa), giving normal colour to body parts (Sa-varṇakaraṇa), improving vision (Chakshushya), promoting hair growth (Keshavardhana), giving normal black to hair (Kesha ranjana) etc. have been mentioned in Samhitha Grantha and Ayurveda pharmacopeia.

Highlights on the Development, Related Patents, and Prospects of Lenacapavir: The First-in-Class HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection.

The multidrug-resistant (MDR) human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is an unmet medical need. HIV-1 capsid plays an important role at different stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle and is an attractive drug target for developing therapies against MDR HIV-1 infection. Lenacapavir (LEN) is the first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor approved by the USFDA, EMA, and Health Canada for treating MDR HIV-1 infection. This article highlights the development, pharmaceutical aspects, clinical studies, patent literature, and future directions on LEN-based therapies. The literature for this review was collected from PubMed, authentic websites (USFDA, EMA, Health Canada, Gilead, and NIH), and the free patent database (Espacenet, USPTO, and Patent scope). LEN has been developed by Gilead and is marketed as Sunlenca (tablet and subcutaneous injection). The long-acting and patient-compliant LEN demonstrated a low level of drug-related mutations, is active against MDR HIV-1 infection, and does not reveal cross-resistance to other anti-HIV drugs. LEN is also an excellent drug for patients having difficult or limited access to healthcare facilities. The literature has established additive/synergistic effects of combining LEN with rilpivirine, cabotegravir, islatravir, bictegravir, and tenofovir. HIV-1 infection may be accompanied by opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB). The associated diseases make HIV treatment complex and warrant drug interaction studies (drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-disease interaction). Many inventions on different aspects of LEN have been claimed in patent literature. However, there is a great scope for developing more inventions related to the drug combination of LEN with anti-HIV/anti-TB drugs in a single dosage form, new formulations, and methods of treating HIV and TB co-infection. Additional research may provide more LEN-based treatments with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters for MDR HIV-1 infections and associated opportunistic infections such as TB.

American Engagement with Nepal: Concerns of China and India


 How did the United States of America’s active engagement with Nepal become a strategic concern for our neighbors? The USA’s Nepal policy is changing because the new world order appears to be multipolar consonantly; it is believed to be bipolar between the United States and China strategically. The US strategic entry into Nepal and the intense rivalry over the MCC and BRI projects are a reflection of these two countries' growing competition in world politics. It put Nepal at the center of strategic calculations. At the other end, China and India believe that achieving regional and global hegemony requires first establishing their own regional supremacy. That is why they are considering strategic space in South Asia and Nepal. Furthermore, India and U.S. also have strategic alliances in the Indo-Pacific strategic and QUAD. Both of them perceive China as a threat in the Indo-Pacific region. In this tri-lateral rivalry during the global power transition, Nepal may become a geopolitical flash point, serving the strategic interests of those powers. In this scenario, the significance of Nepal's nonalignment foreign policy will be examined through a comparison of Ukraine's and Nepal's geopolitical locations. Nepal shares borders with two Asian behemoths, much like Ukraine does with NATO countries and Russia. The Ukrainian crisis stems from both domestic and foreign policy failures. Politicians are frequently divided into pro-Russian and pro-Western sides, and they fail to recognize their powerful neighbor's sensitivity. In this study, the qualitative method has been used, and secondary data was collected from reliable books, journal articles, and some authentic websites. Explorative research techniques have been used for this research.

The Urgent Threat of Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Glimpse of the Drugs of the Future, with Related Patents and Prospects

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent threat and unmet medical need. The current treatments for CDI are not enough to fight the burden of CDI and recurrent CDI (r-CDI). This review aims to highlight the future drugs for CDI and their related patented applications. The non-patent literature was collected from PubMed and various authentic websites of pharmaceutical industries. The patent literature was collected from free patent databases. Many possible drugs of the future for CDI, with diverse mechanisms of action, are in development in the form of microbiota-modulating agents (e.g., ADS024, CP101, RBX2660, RBX7455, SYN-004, SER-109, VE303, DAV132, MET-2, and BB128), small molecules (e.g., ridinilazole, ibezapolstat, CRS3123, DNV3837, MGB-BP-3, alanyl-L-glutamine, and TNP-2198), antibodies (e.g., IM-01 and LMN-201), and non-toxic strains of CD (e.g., NTCD-M3). The development of some therapeutic agents (e.g., DS-2969b, OPS-2071, cadazolid, misoprostol, ramoplanin, KB109, LFF571, and Ramizol) stopped due to failed clinical trials or unknown reasons. The patent literature reveals some important inventions for the existing treatments of CDI and supports the possibility of developing more and better CDI-treatment-based inventions, including patient-compliant dosage forms, targeted drug delivery, drug combinations of anti-CDI drugs possessing diverse mechanisms of action, probiotic and enzymatic supplements, and vaccines. The current pipeline of anti-CDI medications appears promising. However, it will be fascinating to see how many of the cited are successful in gaining approval from drug regulators such as the US FDA and becoming medicines for CDI and r-CDI.

7 E’s of Constructivism in E-learning Skills of University Faculty

Purpose: The goal of this research paper is to stress on the Information Technology skill of the University Faculty in achieving 7 Es of the constructivist E-Teaching/Learning process. Methodology: It also uses secondary data of well-known books, reputed journal articles, authentic websites, and popular reports. Based on observations from the research papers also we have found that 7Es constructivist learning is better than traditional instruction-based learning. Findings: The analysis shows that the skill component of education should be taken very seriously. The very application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skill has achieved good results in achieving better learning outcomes with reference to knowledge management processes like knowledge acquisition, storage, distribution, and use. This has encouraged the majority of people or communities to share, clarify and improve content using technologies. Constructivism must employ one or more techniques like problem solving, Role playing, Discussion, and simulations along with models like 7Es or 4As to construct new knowledge from existing knowledge for future learners so that innovations help learning process for easy or less time- consuming activity. Research limitations/implications: Total change of existing education/training system is beyond one person or small community. But incremental reform steps can be taken so that the future is less cumbersome and living is easy. Originality/value: Past experiences have shown us that technological advancement does not come easily, it is conjugation of constant skill application and research. This study addresses the importance of skill generated from learning/teaching concepts in the education sector and how it can be enhanced through various innovative teaching/learning ways. Paper type: Case study paper

Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects.

The monkeypox disease (MPX) outbreak of 2022 has been reported in more than one hundred countries and is becoming a global concern. Unfortunately, only a few treatments, such as tecovirimat (TCV), are available against MPX. Brincidofovir (BCV) is a United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)-approved antiviral against smallpox. This article reviews the potential of BCV for treating MPX and other Orthopoxvirus (OPXVs) diseases. The literature for this review was collected from PubMed, authentic websites (USFDA, Chimerix), and freely available patent databases (USPTO, Espacenet, and Patentscope). BCV (a lipophilic derivative of cidofovir) has been discovered and developed by Chimerix Incorporation, USA. Besides smallpox, BCV has also been tested clinically for various viral infections (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, ebola virus, herpes simplex virus, and double-stranded DNA virus). Many health agencies and reports have recommended using BCV for MPX. However, no health agency has yet approved BCV for MPX. Accordingly, the off-label use of BCV is anticipated for MPX and various viral diseases. The patent literature revealed some important antiviral compositions of BCV. The authors believe there is a huge opportunity to create novel, inventive, and patentable BCV-based antiviral therapies (new combinations with existing antivirals) for OPXVs illnesses (MPX, smallpox, cowpox, camelpox, and vaccinia). It is also advised to conduct drug interaction (food, drug, and disease interaction) and drug resistance investigations on BCV while developing its combinations with other medications. The BCV-based drug repurposing options are also open for further exploration. BCV offers a promising opportunity for biosecurity against OPXV-based bioterrorism attacks and to control the MPX outbreak of 2022.

Health service - A click away

This case study examines digital health service provider Doctorola’s business strategy, competitive advantage, and challenges. The case is developed primarily on secondary sources, e.g., journal articles, newspapers, and authentic websites. The case presents the journey of the first online-based doctor appointment business - Doctorola, and its subsequent development as a full-fledged e-health service delivery provider. The case finds that Doctorola has designed effective service system to deliver patient centric services and captures a significant market share. This case shows its’ service evolution and illustrates the challenges it would face in the market to sustain in digital health market.

Anemia Due to Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Literature Review

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the current guidelines regarding the management of HMB, including screening for anemia, Iron studies and iron-based and non-iron-based treatment of ID/IDA. Methods: The literature searched for this article included the latest Guidelines for HMB. The data was collected from authentic websites such as pubmed and well-known clinical guidelines from professional societies. Results: More than 50 guidelines throughout the world were searched and studied for this review. Among them 22 were selected for this review. 16 of these guidelines focused on screening of women with HMB for anemia. There were some inconsistencies concerning screening for ID with eleven of the 22 guidelines providing no recommendation for screening of Iron levels and four even strictly advising against screening for iron levels initially. Almost one third of the selected guidelines provided guidance for oral iron therapy as first line in ID, 4 guidelines provided guidance for use of IV iron replacement in severe anemia, non-responders to oral treatment and prior to surgery. 3 of the guidelines had HB threshold for selecting between oral and IV route while further 4 guidelines were of the view of transfusion in case of severe anemia. Conclusion: Although many of the guidelines are of the view to treat anemia due to HMB, there is lack of consensus regarding screening for ID and treatment with iron supplements, due to this most of the IDA related with HMB goes undiagnosed. Therefore, a proper guidance is required that addresses all the aspects of ID/IDA including screening, relevant tests and treatment in patient with HMB in order to optimize the health outcome of these patients. Keywords: Anemia, Blood, Menstrual Cycle, Surgery

Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy in Japan: The Decade of Progress under the National Program

Stem cell therapy is a current world-wide topic in medical science. Various therapies have been approved based on their effectiveness and put into practical use. In Japan, research and development-related stem cell therapy, generally referred to as regenerative medicine, has been led by the government. The national scheme started in 2002, and support for the transition to clinical trials has been accelerating since 2011. Of the initial 18 projects that were accepted in the budget for preclinical research, 15 projects have begun clinical trials so far. These include the transplantation of retinal, cardiac, and dopamine-producing cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The distinctive feature of the stem cell research in Japan is the use of iPS cells. A national framework was also been set-up to attain the final goal: health insurance coverage. Now, insurance covers cell transplantation therapies for the repair and recovery of damaged skin, articular cartilage, and stroke as well as therapies introduced from abroad, such as allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for graft-versus-host disease and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. To prepare this review, original information was sought from Japanese authentic websites, which are reliable but a little hard to access due to the fact of multiple less-organized databases and the language barrier. Then, each fact was corroborated by citing its English version or publication in international journals as much as possible. This review provides a summary of progress over the past decade under the national program and a state-of-the-art factual view of research activities, government policy, and regulation in Japan for the realization of stem cell therapy.

Digital Payments in India: An Analysis

With the liberalisation of the Indian banking sector in 2014, the digital payment ecosystem has undergone a steady transformation which can be attributed to the usage of new technologies like Automated Teller Machines (ATM) and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). Digital payment systems offer convenience and security while transacting. In 2010, a variety of payment products (stored value cards, wallets, and recharge vouchers) and service providers were introduced. The launching of Digital India in 2015, gave a further boost to the digitalization process. Initiatives have been taken to improve the payment infrastructure to make technology accessible and cost-effective. This study examines the growth of digital payments in India, growth in different modes of payment in India as well as growth in Indian Payment Infrastructures. For this study, data has been compiled from RBI Bulletin, RBI Annual Reports, RBI Reports and authentic websites. The analysis of Payment and Settlement System Statistics revealed exponential growth in the usage of various modes of digital payment. RBI has constructed Digital Payment Index (DPI) with a base period of March 2018 and a DPI score of 100. The high DPI scores released by RBI revealed the widespread use and deepening of digital payments in India. This has been made possible by the Government of India's and the RBI's consistent efforts to improve Payment Infrastructure. The study found that India is experiencing robust growth in the digital payments arena.

Biomarkers in the Sphere of Neuropsychology: An Avant-Grade Stamping Ground By Dint of Histological Tack

Purpose: An astonishing amount of work has been put out in recent years to pinpoint biomarkers as possible resources for enhancing psychiatric preventive care, diagnosis, therapeutic response, and therapeutic development. In contrast to those other ailments, psychological illnesses include a diverse range of symptoms that are grouped into diagnostic categories. As a result, persons that have the same psychological disorder have a large deal of therapeutic variation. The above aspect, together with our poor understanding of the neurochemical imbalances driving dissociative ailments, leads to the existing pharmaceutical choices' low effectiveness. In this regard, the discovery of biomarkers in psychology or psychiatry, or any other clinical mental health sciences area is turning out to be crucial for facilitating diagnosis and through the creation of markers that enable the stratification of individuals inside this condition, which may then result in more targeted therapy choices. This evaluation presents a practical description of therapeutic development along with an overview of the idea and several categories of biomarkers to throw light on the subject. Additionally, the developments in this area were compiled and divided into the following groups, including "genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics". Objective: The main objective of this paper is to shed some light on the area of neuropsychological disorder and its variations as well as common biomarker assessment methods to detect it. Another core objective of this paper is to rule out "omics" techniques used in the domain of neuropsychology or general psychiatry to detect some complicated and common mental disorders. Design/Methodology/Approach: This clinical paper is prepared by using secondary data from various official and authentic websites and journal papers. In order to make the paper more accurate and scientific in nature, primary data has also been utilized to build this paper. Expert opinions from neuropsychologists, general psychiatrists, and researchers who are doing research in the domain of neuropsychology have also been taken to guarantee the reliability of the paper. Findings/Result: Despite the positive outcomes, there have been few biomarker studies, particularly those that focus on the treatment of mental illnesses. This study's outcome makes a comment on the difficulties that will need to be overcome in the possible future in order to generate credible, trustworthy, and widely applicable biomarkers for mental diseases and their intervention. An essential first step towards the construction of more customized therapy is the detection of characteristics that forecast response to therapy since doing so will decrease drug switching based on trial and error and facilitate the development of novel successful medicines. Originality and Value: A scientific and more comprehensive approach has been taken to provide better information about neuropsychological/general psychiatric disorders and their detection by using histological or any other clinically proven methods. A new stratagem is applied to shed light on the topic of neuropsychological illnesses and their detection by using the biomarker method. Paper Type: Clinical analysis/interpretive paper