Australian New Zealand Research Articles

A single-blind, randomised control trial on the effectiveness of a structured multi component training module for family caregiver of persons with Parkinson's disease: A study protocol.

Parkinson disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time, is steadily growing in number and prevalence worldwide. PD in Malaysia is expected to increase five-fold by 2040 from the existing estimate of 20,000 patients in 2018. Treatment program of PD in Malaysia is rather unstructured, and there is no known comprehensive PD family caregiver training program available to date. To ensure the quality of a program, it must be tested for feasibility, effectiveness and sustainability. This paper describes the protocol of a study that evaluates the effectiveness of a structured, comprehensive training program of family caregiver to persons with PD in comparison to usual care. A total of 60 pairs of persons with PD of stage II and III, and their primary family caregiver will be recruited and allocated into either an experimental or a control group for 12 weeks of intervention. The experimental group will undergo initial training from multi-disciplinary healthcare providers and will be given a physical module containing weekly tasks that must be practised at home. While the control group will receive a usual care. Both groups will be assessed in terms of physical functions, functional mobility, quality of life (QoL), caregiver burden and knowledge using standardised assessment tools namely Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), European Quality of Life five-dimensions (EQ-5D), Malay version of Zarit Burden Interview (MZBI) and Knowledge of Parkinson Disease Questionnaire (KPDQ). In addition, the feasibility and sustainability of the interventions will be evaluated, alongside its cost-effectiveness based on the average and incremental cost effectiveness ratio. All data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, particularly mixed model ANOVA. There is a significant gap in the literature pertaining family caregiver training programs for people with PD. Documented programs are lacking in term of comprehensiveness of content, application approach and the measurement of training outcomes including the program cost-effectiveness. The feasibility and effectiveness of such training program in a Malaysian setting also requires investigation due to differences in living environment, support system and population's perception. This study will assist to fulfil the existing literature gap and demonstrate the potential benefit of caregiver involvement in mediating the care and therapy for PD in the home setting. Optimum knowledge and skills gained through the training are expected to enhance the confidence and ability of the family caregivers and may possibly reduce their perceived caregiving burden. The protocol of this study is registered in the Australian-New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) with a registration number ACTRN12623000336684.

Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: First Report From the Australian-New Zealand Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (ANZ-SCAD) Registry

Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: First Report From the Australian-New Zealand Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (ANZ-SCAD) Registry

A novel papillomavirus in a New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) with oral lesions

Despite being the predominant seal species in the Australian-New Zealand region and serving as a key indicator of marine environmental health, little is known about infectious diseases in New Zealand fur seals (Long-nosed fur seal; Arctocephalus forsteri). Several papillomaviruses have been identified in earless seals and sea lions, with the latter linked to cutaneous plaques and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. To date, no papillomaviruses have been reported in fur seals. We used traditional veterinary diagnostic techniques and metatranscriptomic sequencing of tissue samples to investigate the virome of New Zealand fur seals. We identified a novel papillomavirus, provisionally termed A. forsteri papillomavirus 1 (AforPV1) in an animal with clinically and histologically identified oral papilloma-like lesions. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of AforPV1 only in oral papilloma samples from the affected individual. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete 7926 bp genome of AforPV1 revealed that it grouped with taupapillomaviruses found in related Carnivora species. These findings highlight the need for further research into the disease associations and impact of undiagnosed and novel viruses on New Zealand fur seals.

Embedding Trauma Literacy Into Curriculum: An Examination of the Attitudes of Australian and New Zealand Journalism Educators

Australia and New Zealand have reputations as countries prone to catastrophic and frequent natural and man-made disasters. Therefore, it is no surprise that antipodean academics want trauma-informed education for their journalism students. This study presents the Australian-New Zealand results of a 2021 survey exploring educators’ attitudes toward embedding trauma literacy into journalism curriculum. It mirrors a survey from the UK-based Journalism Education and Trauma Research Group. The Australian-New Zealand results confirm that educators want more training to effectively embed trauma-informed reporting into their curricula. The discussion notes the availability of local, research-based teaching materials, and identifies barriers to implementation.

Exercise in adults admitted to hospital with diabetes-related foot ulcers: a pilot study of feasibility and safety

BackgroundDiabetes-related foot ulcers result in significant mortality, morbidity and economic costs. Pressure offloading is important for ulcer healing, but patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers are presented with a dilemma, because whilst they are often advised to minimise standing and walking, there are also clear guidelines which encourage regular, sustained exercise for patients with diabetes. To overcome these apparently conflicting recommendations, we explored the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a tailored exercise program for adults admitted to hospital with diabetes-related foot ulcers.MethodsPatients with diabetes-related foot ulcers were recruited from an inpatient hospital setting. Baseline demographics and ulcer characteristics were collected, and participants undertook a supervised exercise training session comprising aerobic and resistance exercises followed by prescription of a home exercise programme. Exercises were tailored to ulcer location, which complied with podiatric recommendations for pressure offloading. Feasibility and safety were assessed via recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence to inpatient and outpatient follow up, adherence to home exercise completion, and recording of adverse events.ResultsTwenty participants were recruited to the study. The retention rate (95%), adherence to inpatient and outpatient follow up (75%) and adherence to home exercise (50.0%) were all acceptable. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionsTargeted exercise appears safe to be undertaken by patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers during and after an acute hospital admission. Recruitment in this cohort may prove challenging, but adherence, retention and satisfaction with participation in exercise were high.Trial registrationThe trial is registered in the Australian NewZealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001370796).

Specifics of the International Political Position of the Commonwealth of Australia in the first half of the ХХ-th century

The paper focuses on the initial stage of the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the process of its establishing as an independent State. The international political context for the development of the country, from the period of creation of the Federation to the beginning of the Second World War, is primarily viewed. The Commonwealth’s international position, its place and role in the regional and global geopolitical processes of the early XX century, in particular in the context of its relations with Great Britain, are analyzed. The features of the transformation of British colonial policies on the eve of the First World War are examined. The specifics of the UK system of relations with Australia, as well as other dominions, are being examined. The features of status of the dominions in the British Empire system are shown. The role of the dominions and, in particular, the Commonwealth of Australia in the preparatory process for the First World War, as well as the peculiarities of its participation in hostilities, is analyzed. The significance of the actions of the First World War on the domestic political situation in Australia, as well as its impact on dominions relations with the British Empire, is revealed. The history of the foundation of the Australian-New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) and its participation in imperial forces on the frontline of the First World War is analyzed. The success and failure of its fighters, as well as the role of ANZAC, in the process of formation an Australian political nation are analyzed. The economic, humanitarian and international political consequences of the First World War for the Commonwealth of Australia are examined, as well as the influence of these consequences on the structure of relations between the dominions and the British Empire. The socio-economic situation of the Commonwealth of Australia on the eve of World War II, in particular the impact of the Great depression on the development of the country as a whole and its internal political situation in particular, is analyzed. The ideological, military-strategic and international political prerequisites for Australia’s entry into the Second World War are being considered.

Restructuring Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Allow Social Distancing Outpatient Clinics (SDOC).

BackgroundCOVID-19 has had a major impact on health-care provision. Social distancing will impact the organization of outpatient clinics (OCs) and require general restructuring of health care.MethodsOur retinal team participated in a structured fact-finding session to implement social distancing of patients and staff in wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) clinics. Clinic flow and performance were continually reviewed and improved. A retrospective audit of all wAMD follow-up appointments was conducted for 4 weeks from the start of the UK lockdown. A search for clinical guidance regarding retinal services was performed on the homepages of international professional bodies. The guidelines were compared to the implemented changes in our wAMD social distancing OCs (SDOCs) and potential risk examined.ResultsThe changes in clinic setup to achieve SDOCs are described. The average total time spent in the clinic area by each patient has reduced by 27%. The audit concluded that 65% of patients needed a treatment interval of 4–7 weeks after their appointment, 17% at either 8 or 9 weeks, and 18% at 10 weeks or beyond. The UK, Australian–New Zealand, US, and German professional ophthalmology bodies have published divergent guidelines, but all recommended a continuation of anti-VEGF injections.ConclusionHealth-care provision will change and hospitals and outpatient facilities will have to adapt to the COVID-19 epidemic. We describe a clinic setup (SDOCs) that minimizes risk to patients and staff, while maintaining the ability to treat each patient and their disease individually.

ТАК СОЗДАВАЛАСЬ ЛЕГЕНДА АНЗАК: УТРО 25 АПРЕЛЯ 1915 ГОДА

The article is devoted to the study of the first combat operations of the Australian-new Zealand army corps. It shows measures to ensure the surprise of the landing, a diversionary maneuver of the fleet in Saros Bay, the landing of three echelons of troops on the morning of April 25, 1915, on the beaches of Anzac Cove and North beach, the reasons for the rapid success and subsequent failures of the paratroopers. The reasons for the weak interaction of the landing units, the lack of artillery support, delays in the landing of the third echelon and the arrival of reinforcements to the front areas of the advance of troops are analyzed. It also shows the actions of the Turkish officer responsible for the defense of the Anzac landing site – Colonel Mustafa Kemal, who showed determination and did not allow the defenders of Gallipoli to retreat under the blows of superior forces of Australian and new Zealand troops. The article uses archival materials from the Australian War Memorial and British archives, diary entries and letters from Australians and new Zealanders, Russian and foreign research on the initial stage of the Gallipoli operation

Influence of maternal region of birth on neonatal outcomes of babies born small.

To compare neonatal outcomes of small for gestational age (SGA) infants born to South Asian (SA)-born women and Australian/New Zealand (ANZ)-born women. Retrospective cohort study at a hospital network in Australia. Maternal and neonatal data were collected for infants born SGA between 2013 and 2017 to SA- or ANZ-born women. Rates of perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidities were analysed between groups. A total of 1018 SA and 959 ANZ SGA infants were included. SA SGA babies were older (median [IQR] 39 [38-40] weeks) and heavier (2590 [2310-2780] grams) compared to ANZ SGA babies (38 [37-40] weeks and 2480 [2059-2740] grams; P<.001 for both). After adjustment for differences in demographics, SA SGA babies were 1.5 times more likely to develop hypothermia (CI: 1.16-1.88, P=.001), but 60% less likely to be born with a major congenital malformation (CI: 0.24-0.67, P=.001) and 36% less likely to need gavage feeding (CI: 0.43-0.93, P=.02) compared to ANZ SGA babies. Small for gestational age babies of SA-born women have different neonatal outcomes as compared to those born to ANZ-born women. Further research into influence of maternal region of birth on placental function, organogenesis and body composition of SGA babies is warranted.

МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ В АВСТРАЛИИ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АВТРАЛИЙСКО-НОВОЗЕЛАНДСКОГО КОРПУСА (АНЗАК) В 1914 г.

The author studies the history of formation of the Australian-new Zealand army corps (ANZAC) formations after the beginning of the First world war. The mobilization activities of the governments of Australia and New Zealand, the reaction of societies in these countries to the world war and participation in it, the features of recruitment of the Australian Imperial Force (AIS) and the new Zealand expeditionary force, the characteristics of the corps command are studied. It shows the main events during the transport of the first convoy with ANZAC troops to training camps in Egypt in the autumn of 1914, the victory of the Australian cruiser Sydney over the German raider – light cruiser Emden during the AIS convoy. Special attention is paid to the connection of events of formation and transport ANZAC with Russia – the presence in the body of Russian emigrants volunteers, and participation in the protection of the convoy and against German raiders in the Pacific and Indian oceans warships of the Russian Navy, «Pearl» and «Askold». The article uses archival materials of the Australian War Memorial and English archives, diary entries and letters of participants of the first convoy from Australia to Alexandria (Egypt).

АВСТРАЛИЙСКО-НОВОЗЕЛАНДСКИЙ КОРПУС В ЕГИПТЕ ПЕРЕД ВЫСАДКОЙ В ГАЛЛИПОЛИ В 1915 Г.

The history of the Australian and new Zealand corps (ANZAC) in preparation for the landing on the Gallipoli Peninsula in the Egyptian training camps is studied. The relationship between the rank and file of the corps is analyzed. The study examines the living conditions and relationships of Australians and new Zealanders with the local population in and around Cairo. The study examines the training of corps units in training and exercises, the attitude of soldiers and officers to the quality of training of corps troops, as well as the participation of troops of the Australian-new Zealand army corps in the repulse of the Turkish offensive on the Suez canal in February 1915. An overview of the actions of the landing command to concentrate ANZAC forces in Mudros Bay (Lemnos) before the start of the landing at Gallipoli is given. The article makes extensive use of archival materials of the Australian War Memorial and British archives, the official history of Australia’s participation in world war I, diary entries and letters of Australians and new Zealanders who participated in the first convoy from Australia to Alexandria (Egypt), Russian and foreign research on the initial stage of the Gallipoli operation of the allied forces of the Entente against the Ottoman Empire..

Shrine: War Memorials and the Digital Age

Shrine: War Memorials and the Digital Age

Predictors and Outcomes of Early Intubation in Infants Born at 28-36 Weeks of Gestation Receiving Noninvasive Respiratory Support

To identify predictors and outcomes of early intubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress, and predictors of need for brief respiratory support (≤1day). Secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial comparing nasal high-flow with continuous positive airway pressure as primary respiratory support in preterm infants born at 28-36weeks of gestation. Intubation was assessed within 72hours of randomization. There were 564 included infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 32.0 (2.2) weeks and birth weight 1744 (589) g; 76 infants (13.5%) received early intubation. On multivariable analysis, lower gestational age and higher pre-randomization fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) predicted intubation. A test based on gestational age of <30weeks and an FiO2 of ≥0.30 produced a likelihood ratio of 9.1. Intubation was associated with prolonged duration of respiratory support and supplemental oxygen, with pneumothorax and nasal trauma, and in infants born at <32weeks of gestational, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment. Greater gestational age and lower FiO2 predicted the need for ≤1day of respiratory support. A test based on a gestational age of ≥34weeks and an FiO2 of 0.21 produced a likelihood ratio of 4.7. In preterm infants 28-36week of gestation receiving primary noninvasive respiratory support, lower gestational age, and higher FiO2 predicted need for intubation within 72hours. Intubation was associated with adverse respiratory outcomes. Greater gestational age and lower FiO2 predicted need for ≤1day of respiratory support. It may be reasonable to defer the use of respiratory support in more mature infants with low FiO2 requirements. TRIAL REGISTRATION AUSTRALIAN NEW ZEALAND CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: ACTRN12613000303741.

Additive effectiveness of mindfulness meditation to a school-based brief cognitive-behavioral alcohol intervention for adolescents.

This randomized controlled trial is the 1st study to evaluate the additive efficacy of mindfulness meditation to brief school-based universal cognitive behavior therapy (CBT + MM) for adolescent alcohol consumption. Previous studies have lacked strong controls for nonspecific effects, and treatment mechanisms remain unclear. The present study compared a CBT + MM condition to an active control CBT intervention with progressive muscle relaxation (CBT + PMR) for nonspecific effects and an assessment-only control (AoC). Cluster sampling was used to recruit Australian adolescents (N = 404; 62% female) ages 13-17 years (M = 14.99, SD = .66) of mostly Australian-New Zealand or European descent. School classes were randomized to 3 intervention conditions (CBT + PMR = 8 classes, CBT + MM = 7 classes, AoC = 7 classes), and adolescents completed preintervention, postintervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments, including measures of alcohol consumption, mindfulness, impulsivity, and the alcohol-related cognitions of alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that both intervention conditions reduced the growth of alcohol consumption compared to the AoC (b = -.18, p = .014), although CBT + MM was no more effective than was CBT + PMR (b = -.06, p = .484). Negative alcohol expectancies increased for adolescents in the intervention conditions compared to the AoC (b = 1.09, p = .012), as did positive alcohol expectancies (b = 1.30, p = .008). There was no effect of interventions on mindfulness, drinking refusal self-efficacy, or impulsivity. There was no evidence of mindfulness-specific effects beyond existing effects of CBT within a brief universal school-based CBT intervention. Hypothesized mechanisms of change were largely unsupported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Best Practices for Electroconvulsive Therapy

Sponsoring Organization: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP), Section of Electroconvulsive Therapy and

Efficacy of Oral Antibiotics for Non-Severe Exacerbations of Bronchiectasis in Children (BEST 1): A Multi-Centre, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Bronchiectasis guidelines recommend antibiotics for treating acute respiratory exacerbations, but placebo-controlled, randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking in children. Since many exacerbations are virus-triggered, antibiotics may be unnecessary for non-severe (non-hospitalised) episodes. We hypothesised that oral amoxicillin-clavulanate and azithromycin are both superior to placebo for achieving symptom resolution by day-14 when treating non-severe exacerbations in children. Methods: In this multicentre (n=4), parallel, double-dummy, double-blind, placebo-controlled three-arm RCT, children aged 1-19 years were randomised at exacerbation onset to receive: (a) amoxicillin-clavulanate (45mg/kg/day)/azithromycin-placebo, (b) azithromycin (5mg/kg/day)/amoxicillin-clavulanate-placebo, or (c) placebo/placebo for 14-days (Australian-New Zealand Registry, ACTRN12612000011886). The primary outcome was exacerbation resolution by day-14. Secondary outcomes included exacerbation duration, time-to-next exacerbation, parent cough-specific quality-of-life, laboratory and spirometry assessments and nasopharyngeal microbiology. Treatment arms were compared using generalised-linear-models. Statistical significance was set at p<0·0245. Findings: Between April 2012 and December 2017, 197 children were randomised (amoxicillin-clavulanate n=63, azithromycin n=67, placebo n=67). By day-14, exacerbations had resolved in 41 (65%), 41 (61%) and 29 (43%) children in the respective groups. Compared to placebo, the relative risk of resolution by day-14 for amoxicillin-clavulanate was 1·50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1·08-2·09; p=0·02, number needed-to-treat-for-benefit=5, 95%CI 3-20) and for azithromycin 1·41 (95%CI 1·01-1·97; p=0·04). Compared to placebo, the median exacerbation duration was significantly shorter in the amoxicillin-clavulanate (7 versus 10-days, p=0·02), but not the azithromycin group (8 vs 10-days, p=0·24). Other secondary between-group outcomes were not significantly different. Azithromycin was associated with increased nasopharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant-bacteria, while respiratory viruses were identified in 53% of exacerbations. Interpretation: Amoxicillin-clavulanate and azithromycin both showed benefit compared to placebo for treating non-severe exacerbations of bronchiectasis in children. However, azithromycin was associated with increased carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Consequently, amoxicillin-clavulanate should remain the first-line oral antibiotic for treating non-severe exacerbations of bronchiectasis in children. Funding: This work was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; project grant number 1019834,) the NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Lung Health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children (1040830), and Cure Kids, Auckland, New Zealand (3702764/3539). VG was supported by an NHMRC post-graduate scholarship (1075119). ABC is supported by an NHMRC practitioner fellowship (1058213). KFO and HSV were supported by NHMRC CRE in Children’s Indigenous Lung Health fellowships (10450830). MB is supported by a NHMRC Hot North Fellowship (1131932). Declaration of Interest: We declare that we have no conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: The protocol has received ethical approval from the respective Human Research Ethics Committees of all the participating institutions (Darwin: Department of Health and Families and Menzies School of Health Research; Brisbane: Children’s Health Services (Royal Children’s Hospital) and University of Queensland; Perth: Princess Margaret Hospital; Melbourne: Royal Children’s Hospital; Auckland: Northern Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health and Starship Children’s Health local ethics committee). The study is being conducted under Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Notification scheme.

Contouring experiences amongst Australian, New Zealand and Singaporean radiation oncology trainees. Is it enough? What next?

This paper reports the key findings of the first survey of Australian, New Zealand (ANZ) and Singaporean radiation oncology trainees on contouring and planning. The survey was conducted from May to July 2018 using a 35-question instrument. It was emailed to all ANZ and Singaporean trainees on the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) database with at least 6 months experience. The questions related to demographics, time spent on contouring, most difficult sites to contour, most useful atlas, feedback on contouring, interaction with radiation therapists, plan reviews, stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT), brachytherapy and suggested areas of improvement. Respondents were assured that their responses were anonymous. The response rate was 50% (54/108). Most respondents were from New South Wales (31%) with nearly all working full time (96%) and a large majority in public practice (89%). All respondents had at least one other accredited trainee at their site. The large majority (75%) spent at least two hours per week contouring, but nearly 80% had to spend some time out of hours contouring with 10% performing all their contouring out of hours. Two-thirds of respondents indicated there was insufficient time for contouring with over half having no allocated time for this activity. All respondents were allowed to independently contour by their consultants and were allowed to do radical and palliative cases. The most difficult cases to contour were head and neck and the upper gastrointestinal sites with the RTOG atlas the most useful guide. All trainee respondents received feedback on their contouring which was most often face to face. Interaction with radiation therapists was valuable and more interaction was desired. Two-thirds (67%) of respondents had the opportunity to review treatment plans with consultants with one to two cases per week being the most common numbers reviewed, but this was usually not done (87%) on an allocated time in the roster. The large majority (90%) had the opportunity to be involved in brachytherapy, but this dropped to 60% for SBRT. Three quarters (73%) of respondents felt that there was not enough time spent on contouring, planning and evaluation of plans. This initial detailed survey of ANZ and Singaporean trainees on contouring and planning indicates that dedicated protected time without interruption is required for this integral activity with current hours spent on this activity inadequate. Optimisation and improvement in a number of areas is required. Feedback from this study should be adopted by sites and networks. Feedback could also be considered as the Faculty of Radiation Oncology transitions into programmatic assessment.

НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ КОД У ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІЙ ПАРАДИГМІ ЗНАННЯ

The article deals with the problem of the cultural code, typology of cultural codes and the nation- al-cultural code in the paradigm of modern linguistic studies. The definitions of these concepts are clarified and the significance of the national-cultural code research for such a multinational language phenomenon as the English language is substantiated. The study of the national-cultural code is deter- mined by the following reasons: the analysis of the formation and manifestation of national-cultural codes as the main representatives of the conceptual and national-specific worldview in the minds of polynational English speakers in various lingual areas of the world (such as North American, Australian-New Zealand, Asian and South African lingual and cultural areas), as well as the study of the problem of the correlation of universal characteristics with unique features (namely national-specific ones) in lingual and conceptual representation of the world in the discursive practices of representatives of various national-linguistic-cultural communities in the system of polynational multi-variety lingual phenomenon – the English language.

How to Treat Anxiety Disorders: Guidelines from Australia and New Zealand

Sponsoring Organization: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP)Target Population: Adults with panic disorder, social

Adaptations to Concurrent Training in Combination with High Protein Availability: A Comparative Trial in Healthy, Recreationally Active Men

BackgroundWe implemented a high-protein diet (2 g·kg−1·d−1) throughout 12 weeks of concurrent exercise training to determine whether interferences to adaptation in muscle hypertrophy, strength and power could be attenuated compared to resistance training alone.MethodsThirty-two recreationally active males (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg·m−2; mean ± SD) performed 12 weeks of either isolated resistance (RES; n = 10) or endurance (END; n = 10) training (three sessions·w−1), or concurrent resistance and endurance (CET; n = 12) training (six sessions·w−1). Maximal strength (1RM), body composition and power were assessed pre- and post-intervention.ResultsLeg press 1RM increased ~ 24 ± 13% and ~ 33 ± 16% in CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Total lean mass increased ~ 4% in both CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001). Ultrasound estimated vastus lateralis volume increased ~ 15% in CET and ~ 11% in RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Wingate peak power relative to body mass displayed a trend (P = 0.053) to be greater in RES (12.5 ± 1.6 W·kg BM−1) than both CET (10.8 ± 1.7 W·kg BM−1) and END (10.9 ± 1.8 W·kg BM−1) at POST. Absolute VO2peak increased 6.9% in CET and 12% in END from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.05), with no difference between groups.ConclusionDespite high protein availability, select measures of anaerobic power-based adaptations, but not muscle strength or hypertrophy, appear susceptible to ‘interference effects’ with CET and should be closely monitored throughout training macro-cycles.Trials Registry: This trial was registered with the Australian-New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001229369).