Australian Genus Research Articles

A redescription and new generic placement of the New Zealand marine-associated jumping spider Marpissa marina (Goyen, 1892) (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

ABSTRACT The jumping spider Marpissa marina (Goyen, 1892) is endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand. In this paper, we redescribe the species. Marpissa marina was placed in the Northern Hemisphere genus Marpissa due to its subjective similarity to spiders in that genus. The original description lacked modern morphological diagnoses and useful illustrations. The description was based largely on the female, and therefore lacked the taxonomically important characters seen in the male pedipalp. Previous literature has suggested M. marina may be related to the Australian genus, Maratus Karsch, 1878. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach based on diagnostic morphological characters and molecular analysis for a more detailed species description and assignment into an appropriate genus. Morphological features indicate that M. marina belongs to Maratus. This is supported by phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from the nuclear gene Actin 5C and the mitochondrial gene 16S ribosomal RNA. We transfer Marpissa marina into the genus Maratus, as Maratus marinus (Goyen, 1892), new combination.

First brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from the early Eocene Green River Formation

Pseudonotherobius kohlsi gen. et sp. nov. and Megalomus? coloradensis sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) are described from the early Eocene of the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation, Colorado, U.S.A. The main diagnostic character states of Pseudonotherobius gen. nov. are the presence of a crossvein between the proximal branch of RP and RA in the forewing, and the costal space being dilated medially in the hind wing. The latter condition is unique in the family. The genus is preliminarily assigned to the subfamily Carobiinae due to the similarity of its venation to that of the extant Australian genus Notherobius New, 1988.

Another ghost of Gondwana—Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia

AbstractOdd‐clawed spiders (Gradungulinae), which are considered to be ‘living fossils’, are a faunal element of the mesic forests of eastern Australia and the South Island of New Zealand. To date, 16 species in seven genera are known, with most being highly endemic and hard to find, explaining their scarcity in collections worldwide. Particularly noteworthy is the Australian genus Progradungula that includes only two relict species from eastern Australia (Progradungula carraiensis from the Carrai limestone caves in northern New South Wales and Progradungula otwayensis from Nothofagus rainforests in the Otway Range, southern Victoria) and are known from only a handful of adult specimens. Both species are large nocturnal predators with a rather cryptic lifestyle, which construct unique ladder‐like catching webs composed of non‐combed and combed cribellate silk with exceptional properties. Here, we describe a new relict species, Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., from isolated Nothofagus forest patches in Barrington Tops National Park (NSW, Australia). The male of this species is significantly larger than those of P. carraiensis and P. otwayensis and exhibits characteristics of the male genitalia of both species. The webs are similar to those of the other Progradungula species. Field observations revealed that the catching ladder had few looping segments, similar to P. otwayensis, but an immature in captivity constructed webs with more looping segments, similar to P. carraiensis, supporting the previously proposed hypothesis that food availability may explain the plasticity of the catching ladder structure.

Revised taxonomy for two species complexes of Western Australian Isopogon (Proteaceae) using RADseq

AbstractThe Australian genus Isopogon (Proteaceae) consists of approximately 39 species, most of which occur in southwestern Australia, a region of considerable endemism and biodiversity. Unresolved taxonomic issues exist for two species complexes (nine suspected taxa) allied to I. spathulatus and I. polycephalus. There is uncertainty in how to delimit species in these two complexes due to unclear or overlapping morphological characters, although recognition of four phrase‐named taxa provide starting hypotheses for potential new taxa. We used a genomic approach (ddRAD) to generate SNPs for 146 samples from 32 populations across the two complexes to evaluate the genomic distinction of taxa and delimit species. We used an optimised ipyrad assembly of the sequenced libraries, followed by custom filtering of samples and SNPs for ordination, genetic structure, distance and concatenation and coalescent phylogenetic analyses. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses consistently supported three geographically overlapping yet genomically distinct groups, two of which showed additional genomic divergence consistent with multiple distinct species. Existing morphological hypotheses were congruent with genomic groupings in some cases but discordant in others, where genomic admixture suggested existing taxa were conspecific. Evaluating morphological characters, geographic distribution and genomic distinction, we recognise five species and three subspecies from nine original taxa. We provide a key to species in the complexes and related taxa, updated descriptions for existing taxa, and describe two new species, I. elatus sp. nov. and I. pallidus sp. nov., and two new subspecies, I. spathulatus subsp. obovatus stat. nov. and I. spathulatus subsp. elongatus subsp. nov.

A revision of the Australian genus Pleuroseta Richards (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)

The Australian genus Pleuroseta Richards, 1973 is revised, including P. wentworthi (Richards, 1973) and three new species: P. ingens sp. nov. (Queensland), P. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland) and P. occidentalis sp. nov. (Western Australia). Leptocera (Biroina) dorrigonis Richards, 1973 is treated as a new junior synonym of Pleuroseta wentworthi.

Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders VI: five new stripe-less miturgid genera and 48 new species (Miturgidae: Miturginae).

A group of Australian miturgines that are common in widespread areas of mostly dry landscapes are revised. Five new genera (Miturgopelma, Knotodo, Xistera, Miturgiella and Xeromiturga) and 48 new species are described. Three species presently included in three families are placed in these groups in the Miturgidae: Uliodon ferrugineus (L. Koch, 1873) is transferred from the Zoropsidae to Miturgopelma gen. nov.; likewise, Odo australiensis Hickman, 1944, from Central Australia, is transferred from an otherwise South American genus presently in the family Xenoctenidae to Miturgopelma gen. nov.; and Argoctenus gracilis Hickman, 1950 is transferred to Knotodo gen. nov. Miturgopelma gen. nov. is a very diverse genus found throughout much of drier Australia but not yet in Cape York, Queensland, although one species is taken from Tasmania. Besides Miturgopelma ferruginea (L. Koch, 1873) comb. nov. and Miturgopelma australiensis (Hickman, 1944) comb. nov., the new genus Miturgopelma includes 31 new species: M. alanyeni sp. nov., M. archeri sp. nov. M. baehrae sp. nov., M. bandalup sp. nov., M. biancahilleryae sp. nov., M. bogantungan sp. nov., M. brachychiton sp. nov., M. brevirostra sp. nov., M. bungabiddy sp. nov., M. buckaringa sp. nov., M. calperum sp. nov., M. caitlinae sp. nov., M. couperi sp. nov., M. culgoa sp. nov., M. echidna sp. nov., M. echinoides sp. nov., M. harveyi sp. nov., M. hebronae sp. nov., M. kinchega sp. nov., M. maningrida sp. nov., M. minderoo sp. nov., M. oakleigh sp. nov., M. paruwi sp. nov., M. rangerstaceyae sp. nov., M. rar sp. nov., M. rixi sp. nov., M. seida sp. nov., M. spinisternis sp. nov., M. watarrka sp. nov., M. woz sp. nov., and M. yarmina sp. nov. Knotodo gen. nov., a predominantly western and southern group, includes Knotodo gracilis (Hickman, 1950) comb. nov., and seven new species: K. coolgardie sp. nov., K. eneabba sp. nov., K. narelleae sp. nov., K. shoadi sp. nov., K. muckera sp. nov., K. nullarbor sp. nov., and K. toolinna sp. nov. Xistera gen. nov., another predominantly Western Australian and southern group, includes five new species: Xis. auriphila sp. nov., Xis. barlee sp. nov., Xis. coventryi sp. nov., Xis. jandateae sp. nov., and Xis. serpentine sp. nov. Xeromiturga gen. nov., another predominantly western and southern group, includes four new species: Xer. gumbardo sp. nov., Xer. mardathuna sp. nov., Xer. bidgemia sp. nov., and Xer. pilbara sp. nov. A widespread, monotypic eastern Australian genus, Miturgiella vulgaris gen. et sp. nov., is also described. Zoroides Berland, 1924, presently in Miturgidae, is considered a junior synonym of the phrurolithid Dorymetaecus Rainbow, 1920 syn. nov., thus making Dorymetaecus dalmasi (Berland 1924) comb. nov. Miturga whistleri Simon, 1909 and Miturga splendens Hickman, 1930 are both placed in Mituliodon tarantulinus syn. nov..

Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera

Females of two unusual dynastines (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Australia are described and compared with other known Australian genera and species. Philcarneum aenigma Allsopp & Hutchinson new genus, new species from coastal southeastern New South Wales was recognised as novel in the 1980s, but has lacked a formal name, making it ‘invisible’ in the literature. It is placed in the Cheiroplatina. Constricticollis clunis Hutchinson & Allsopp new genus, new species recently captured near Kununurra, northern Western Australia is placed in the Pentodontina. Within the Dynastinae many important generic-level characters relate to mouthpart morphology, which are not sexually dimorphic, thus allowing to determine females to genera in absence of males, whose secondary sexual characters (obvious horns, claw modifications, antennal club length, etc.) are often used in keys. The key to Australian Dynastinae in Weir et al. (2019) is modified to accommodate these two genera and Erbmahcedius Hutchinson & Allsopp, 2021. Distributional maps and data on habitats are provided.

Phylogeny of the Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A new tribal order!

AbstractGeneric relationships within the parasitoid wasp subfamily Braconinae are assessed based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of four gene fragments: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rDNA, nuclear 28S D2‐D3 rDNA and elongation factor 1‐alpha. Our results support the recognition of Aphrastobraconini, Braconini and Coeloidini plus three new tribes: Compsobraconini tribus nov., Tropobraconini tribus nov. and Virgulibraconini tribus nov. The first of these new tribes is restricted to the New World; the second includes the Old World genera Tropobracon Cameron, Trispinaria Quicke and Grangerbracon Samartsev and Belokobylskij and possibly others, whereas the third comprises the Australian genus Virgulibracon Quicke, plus several other described and undescribed Australian genera. Consistent placement of Amyosoma Viereck with members of the Virgulibraconini tribus nov. is discussed, whereas Amyosoma is left currently unplaced. A preliminary key to tribes is presented, and the characters used to differentiate between Aphrastobraconini and Braconini are revised. Megacoeloides Quicke was never recovered with Coeloides, the type genus of Coeloidini, so it is treated as Braconinae incertae sedis. By combining molecular and morphological traits, nearly all valid genera are assigned to tribes, and the possible relationships of the remainder are discussed. Alienoclypeus Shenefelt, 1978 is synonymised with Atanycolus Förster, 1862 (Atanycolus insolitus (Shenefelt) comb. nov.). Several new genera have been revealed and will be described elsewhere.

Venomius, a new monotypic genus of Australian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae)

A new monotypic Australian genus in the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae Clerck, 1757 is described, Venomiusgen. nov., with V. tomhardyisp. nov. as type species. Somatically, Venomiusgen. nov. is similar to the typical leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders, such as Phonognatha Simon, 1894 or Leviana Framenau & Kuntner, 2022, due to a similar elongate cylindrical abdomen and colouration; however, the genital morphology of the new genus is very different. Most unusual are the presence of two strong macrosetae on the male pedipalp tibia. Male pedipalp sclerites are complex, with diagnostic characters including the tibial macrosetae and a keeled median and a rounded basal process on the stipes. The epigyne of females is wholly covered by the scape that has a short median process. Venomius tomhardyigen. nov. et sp. nov. has been collected in southern Australia, from Tasmania to Western Australia, where it builds a circular, vertical orb-web. Spiders often hide in silk-lined hollows in branches of trees when disturbed during the day.

A taxonomic review of the Australian genus Eurylychnus Bates (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini).

The Australian genus Eurylychnus Bates, 1891 is reviewed and its eight species are redescribed. A key to species is provided together with illustrations of their habitus and male genitalia. Lectotypes are designated for Eurylychnus cylindricus Sloane, 1916 and Eurylychnus kershawi Sloane, 1915.

Two new combinations of Medaurini (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Clitumninae) from Yunnan Province, China.

Two new combinations are proposed for Chinese species previously described in the endemic Australian genus Pachymorpha Gray, 1835: Interphasma belocerca (Chen & He, 2008) comb. nov., of which the male and egg are described are illustrated for the first time and Neomedaura arguta (Chen & He, 2008) comb. nov., the first report of the genus Neomedaura Ho, 2020, in China.

An evaluation of three evapotranspiration models to determine water fluxes over hillslopes encroached by invasive alien plants in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Ecosystem services in the South African grassland biome are being impacted by the presence of invasive alien plants (IAPs), particularly from the Australian genus Acacia. IAPs have elevated landscape water use and determining water fluxes is crucial to defining suitable interventions. This study evaluates three models of water flux over IAP-invaded grassland against evapotranspiration (ET) measured by a large-aperture scintillometer (LAS). ET was modelled using an energy balance model (MEDRUSH), a biophysical model (Penman-Monteith-Leuning (PML)) and a remotely sensed product (MOD16), and their results compared with ET measured by the LAS. ETLAS was measured during an abbreviated field campaign in November 2019 over a dense silver wattle (A. dealbata) stand associated with hillslope seeps. Of the three models tested against the LAS campaign, MEDRUSH performed well-enough to be used to model ET over the continuous scientific-grade micro-meteorological record (315 days). We used MEDRUSH to model ET over the invaded hillslope seeps and compared this with the expected ET that would occur over the adjacent, un-invaded grassland. Total ET over the IAP-invaded area was approximately 536 mm (60% of reference ET) as compared with the grassland (202 mm), showing that woody encroachment significantly increases landscape water use. To estimate the local impact of this, we used earth observation to determine the area of woody invasion in a 2 664 km2 regional window. Approximately 10% (274 km2) of this window was invaded by IAPs and, assuming the geographic window was representative of all the areas invaded by wattle, this represents ~ 89 000 ML of water used annually by the IAPs. Removal of wattle, followed by suitable restoration of landscape functionality, would greatly enhance rangeland productivity and water production from hillslope seeps.

Kangaraneus, a new genus of orb-weaving spider from Australia (Araneae, Araneidae)

A new Australian genus in the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae Clerck, 1757 is described,Kangaraneusgen. nov., withK. arenaceus(Keyserling, 1886)comb. nov.(New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia) as the type species and also including two other species:Kangaraneus amblycyphus(Simon, 1908)comb. nov.(Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia) andK. farhanisp. nov.(Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania). The new genus is included in the informally termed Australasian ‘backobourkiine’ clade due to the presence of its putative synapomorphies, specifically a single patellar macroseta on the male pedipalp and its median apophysis forming an arch over the radix. It includes medium-sized orb-weaving spiders (total length 3–12 mm) with distinct humeral humps on the almost triangular abdomen. Therefore, within the backobourkiines, it is somatically most similar toNovakiellaCourt & Forster, 1993 but differs considerably in male genitalic characters, including a C-shaped median apophysis with an acute tip. Genitalia are most similar to those inQuokkaraneusCastanheira & Framenau, 2023 from which the new genus differs by the lack of the white colouration and the shape of the abdomen.

The allopolyploid origin(s) and diversification of New Caledonian Grevillea (Proteaceae)

ABSTRACT The assembly of island plant communities is the result of a number of processes: immigration (dispersal), speciation, and extinction. Using four plastid genes and one low-copy nuclear gene, we investigated the origin of the New Caledonian Grevillea (Proteaceae), an otherwise largely Australian genus. In the combined plastid analysis, the species form two distinct clades, the exul (four species) and gillivrayi groups (six species), within group 3 of Grevillea. All New Caledonian Grevillea display two distinct copies of PHYA, one copy in group 3, and another in group 4. Previously published chromosome counts for G. meisneri and two new genome size estimates of G. gillivrayi and G. rubiginosa suggest that these plants are tetraploids. Altogether, the current data available suggest that New Caledonian Grevillea are allotetraploids, resulting from one or two hybridisation events between two or three distinct parents. A possible scenario is that modern Grevillea has descended from a hybrid swarm that formed 9–13 Mya between multiple immigrants (now extinct) that reached the island. Grevillea can be added to the list of island plant radiations with an early history of hybridisation and polyploidy. The relative importance, location and timing of these two mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The two groups of New Caledonian Grevillea may be easily distinguished by their inflorescences, flowers and fruits, with the gillivrayi group displaying greater ecological and morphological diversity. The seed characteristics of New Caledonian Grevillea are consistent with their pioneer behavior.

New insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutriajaponica) and allied taxa in subtribe Reynoutriinae (Polygonaceae).

Japanese knotweed (Reynoutriajaponica) is native to East Asia, but has been introduced to the West where it is a noxious invasive weed. Taxonomically, Japanese knotweed is placed within subtribe Reynoutriinae (Polygonaceae), which also contains the austral genus Muehlenbeckia (incl. Homalocladium) and north temperate Fallopia. In the current study, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequence data from six markers, two nuclear (LEAFYi2, ITS) and four plastid (matK, rbcL, rps16-trnK and trnL-trnF) to further resolve the evolutionary relationships within this group, using the widest sampling of in-group taxa to date. The results of this analysis confirmed that subtribe Reynoutriinae is a monophyletic group, characterised by the presence of extra-floral, nectariferous glands at the base of leaf petioles. Within the subtribe, four main clades were identified: Reynoutria, Fallopiasect.Parogonum, Fallopia s.s. (including Fallopia sects. Fallopia and Sarmentosae) and Muehlenbeckia. The Fallopia s.s. and Muehlenbeckia clades are sister to one another, while the Fallopiasect.Parogonum clade is immediately basal to them and Reynoutria basal to all three. Fallopia, as currently circumscribed, is paraphyletic as Muehlenbeckia is nested within it. To resolve this, we propose that species of Fallopiasect.Parogonum should be treated as a new genus, Parogonum (Haraldson) Desjardins & J.P.Bailey, gen. et stat. nov. Within Reynoutria, the allied specific and infraspecific taxa that fall under the name Japanese knotweed s.l. form a monophyletic group and their taxonomic status is discussed.

A taxonomic revision of Keraunea, including three new species and its phylogenetic realignment with Ehretiaceae (Boraginales).

Keraunea is an enigmatic genus of lianescent shrubs endemic to Brazil and found within the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica phytogeographic regions. When first published, Keraunea was included in the Convolvulaceae and there has been considerable recent disagreement about its true family placement on the Angiosperm tree of life. Based on further assessment of morphology and a new comprehensively-sampled combined phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and plastid genes from recently published DNA sequence data, we settle the position of the genus within the Ehretiaceae as sister to the Australian genus Halgania Gaudich. and provide an expanded family description. We recognize five species within Keraunea, three of them newly described here: K.brasiliensis Cheek & Simão-Bianchini, K.bullata Moonlight & D.B.O.S.Cardoso, sp. nov., K.capixaba Lombardi, K.confusa Moonlight & D.B.O.S.Cardoso, sp. nov. and K.velutina Moonlight & D.B.O.S.Cardoso, sp. nov. We also provide a full taxonomic revision of the genus, including a key, descriptions, map of geographical distribution and provisional IUCN threat assessments for all species.

Testing the success of palaeontological methods in the delimitation of clam shrimp (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) on extant species

AbstractFossil spinicaudatan taxonomy heavily relies on carapace features (size, shape, ornamentation) and palaeontologists have greatly refined methods to study and describe carapace variability. Whether carapace features alone are sufficient for distinguishing between species of a single genus has remained untested. In our study, we tested common palaeontological methods on 481 individuals of the extant Australian genus Ozestheria that have been previously assigned to ten species based on genetic analysis. All species are morphologically distinct based on geometric morphometrics (p ≤ 0.001), but they occupy overlapping regions in Ozestheria morphospace. Linear discriminant analysis of Fourier shape coefficients reaches a mean model performance of 93.8% correctly classified individuals over all possible 45 pairwise species comparisons. This can be further increased by combining the size and shape datasets. Nine of the ten examined species are clearly sexually dimorphic but male and female morphologies strongly overlap within species with little influence on model performance. Ornamentation is commonly species‐diagnostic; seven ornamentation types are distinguished of which six are species‐specific while one is shared by four species. A transformation of main ornamental features (e.g. from punctate to smooth) can occur among closely related species suggesting short evolutionary timescales. Our overall results support the taxonomic value of carapace features, which should also receive greater attention in the taxonomy of extant species. The extensive variation in carapace shape and ornamentation is noteworthy and several species would probably have been assigned to different genera or families if these had been fossils, bearing implications for the systematics of fossil Spinicaudata.

Quokkaraneus, a new monotypic genus of Australian orb-weaving spider (Araneae, Araneidae)

A new monotypic Australian genus in the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae Clerck, 1757 is described, Quokkaraneus gen. nov., with Q. necopinus (Keyserling, 1887) comb. nov. as type species. Morphologically the new genus has affinities with the Australasian clade informally termed 'backobourkiines', due to the presence of a single patellar macroseta and the median apophysis forming an arch over the radix in the male pedipalp. It distinctly differs from other genera of this clade by somatic characters, such as a unique white cephalic and/or thoracic area and abdomen. Some genitalic characters are also diagnostic amongst the backobourkiines, such as a C-shaped median apophysis with pointed tip, triangular terminal apophysis and prominent concave conductor in males, and a very broad female epigyne scape. Quokkaraneus necopinus comb. nov. occurs in southern Australia, from western Victoria to south-western Western Australia.

Molecular Phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) Reveals the Polyphyletic Nature ofTrogodermaLatreille and the Taxonomic Placement of the Khapra BeetleTrogoderma granariumEverts

AbstractThe hide, larder, and carpet beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are a family of mainly scavenger beetles, with numerous species such as the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898), the black carpet beetle [Attagenus unicolor (Brahm, 1791)] and the hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774) being widely recognized as serious economic pests of stored products and museum collections. A stable classification and reliable identification of genera and species of these pests and their 1,700 relatives are of great relevance for trade restrictions, biosecurity, pest management, forensics, and biodiversity surveys. In this study, we examined and sequenced mitochondrial genomes of 477 dermestid specimens, representing all subfamilies and 90% of the globally recognized tribes and subtribes. Our study provides the most comprehensive, taxonomically verified, and vouchered resource of mitochondrial reference sequences linked to specimen images and occurrence records of pests and their relatives, enabling eDNA surveys, metabarcoding and molecular species identification. It also reconstructs the phylogeny of Dermestidae based on molecular and morphological data for the first time, thereby providing robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a stable classification system from family to genus-level. Accordingly, a revised classification of Dermestidae with formal nomenclatural changes is proposed, recognizing six subfamilies: Orphilinae, Trinodinae, Trogoparvinae subfam. nov. (type genus TrogoparvusHáva, 2001), Dermestinae, Attageninae, and Megatominae. Trinodinae is recovered towards the base of Dermestidae with three tribes: Trinodini (=Trinoparvini syn. nov.), Thylodriini, and Trichelodini. Dermestinae is the only subfamily with adults lacking a median ocellus, and it includes the tribes Thorictini stat. nov. (that is downgraded from Thorictinae), Marioutini, and Dermestini. The endemic Australian genus Derbyana Lawrence and Ślipiński was recovered within Holarctic Dermestes Linnaeus. Attageninae is strongly supported and includes the monogeneric Adelaidiini and polygenic Attagenini. Former subgenera of Attagenus Latreille, i.e., Lanorus Mulsant and Rey (= Paranovelsis Casey syn. nov.), Telopes Redtenbacher and Aethriostoma Motschulsky, are elevated to generic level. The largest clade, Megatominae, is confirmed as monophyletic and is divided into three tribes: Anthrenini, Ctesiini, and Megatomini. Megatomini is divided into three subtribes: Megatomina, Orphinina subtribe nov. (type genus Orphinus Motschulsky), and Trogodermina. Within the economically important lineage Trogodermina, Trogoderma Latreille is delimited to contain only Holarctic species including the Khapra beetle T. granarium Everts, while a Southern Hemisphere clade is here recognized as Eurhopalus Solier in Gay, 1849 (= AnthrenocerusArrow, 1915; Myrmeanthrenus Armstrong, 1945; Neoanthrenus Armstrong, 1941; SodaliatomaHáva, 2013; Reesa Beal, 1967 syn. nov.). A revised classification of the extant genera of Dermestidae is also provided.

Phylogenetic position of the relict South American genus Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911 (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea), with the description of two new cave species

Idiopyrgus is a relict genus of freshwater snails from Brazil traditionally classified in the family Pomatiopsidae. Herein, we use molecular data from newly acquired specimens to test that classification through Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis. We conclude that Idiopyrgus belongs in the Gondwanan family Tomichiidae, together with the African genus Tomichia and the Australian genus Coxiella. Furthermore, we reassess currently synonymized genus- and species-level names in Idiopyrgus. The genera Hydracme and Aquidauania are considered synonymous with Idiopyrgus. The species I. brasiliensis and I. pilsbryi are restored as accepted species; I. walkeri is considered a taxon inquirendum. Two new species from caves in Bahia state are described herein: Idiopyrgus adamanteussp. nov. and Idiopyrgus minorsp. nov.