There are two John Pipers in Australia's history. The better known was John Piper, 1773-1851, military officer, public servant, bon vivant and landowner near Bathurst who was the subject of a short, somewhat romantic and perhaps over-sympathetic biography by M. Barnard Eldershaw: The Life and Times of Captain John Piper, Sydney, 1939. One of its two authors, Marjorie Barnard, also wrote the lively sketch of his chequered career in the Australian Dictionary of Biography. The lesser known John Piper, usually referred to simply as Piper, the subject of this article, was an Aborigine who accompanied Thomas Mitchell on his 1836 expedition into Australia Felix. Very probably be got his name by being referred to as 'John Piper's boy', this phrase being abbreviated to 'Piper'. Almost all we know about this Piper comes from the second volume of Mitchell's Three Expeditions into Eastern Australia and the copy of the journal of Mitchell's second-in-command, Granville Stapylton.