Augmented Reality System Research Articles

Integrating computer vision and AI for interactive augmented reality experiences in new media

Abstract. Augmented reality (AR) is a groundbreaking technology that fully immerse the user in a mixed 'reality' where the real and virtual coexist in a unique manner. Integrating more artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision into AR devices can greatly improve user input and provide a whole novel interface. Through AI technology, such as gesture recognition, object tracking, and face recognition, AR systems can offer more intuitive and engaging interactions. An AR system featuring such improved AI technologies can process real-time data while having the contextual awareness to respond to users' input and the surrounding environment on the fly. It can also provide narrative integration, character development, and dynamic environments to users, thereby enabling them to have a more personalised and meaningful experience. This paper examines the evolution of new media by discussing the possibilities of using AI and computer vision in AR devices to create personalised experiences, all the while critically looking at technical challenges and the opportunities they present to the field of future research and development. It also looks at case studies across different sectors, such as education, training, tourism, gaming, retail, and aviation to justify the potential of future development of AI-enhanced AR.

Extended Reality Trans Technologies: Bridging Digital and Physical Worlds to Support Transgender People

Extended reality (XR) technologies are becoming increasingly pervasive, and may have capacity to help marginalized groups such as transgender people. Drawing from interviews with n = 18 creators of trans technology, we examined how XR technologies do and can support trans people. We uncovered a number of creative ways that XR technologies support trans experiences. Trans technology creators are designing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) systems that help people explore trans identity, experience new types of bodies, educate about and display trans stories and curated trans content, manipulate the physical world, and innovate gender-affirming surgical techniques. Additionally, we show how considering XR as an analogy for trans identity helps us to think about the fluidity and fluctuation inherent in trans identity in new ways, which in turn enables envisioning technologies that can better support complex and changing identities. Despite XR's potential for supporting trans people, current AR and VR systems face limitations that restrict their large-scale use, but as access to XR systems increase, so will their capacity to improve trans lives.

Integrating augmented reality and LLM for enhanced cognitive support in critical audio communications

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) missions are often time-sensitive and accuracy-dependent, requiring rapid and precise information processing in noisy, chaotic environments where oral communication can lead to cognitive overload and impaired decision-making. Augmented Reality (AR) and Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for enhancing situational awareness and lowering cognitive load by integrating digital visualizations with the physical world and improving dialogue management. However, synthesizing these technologies into a real-time system that effectively aids operators remains a challenge. This study explores the integration of AR and GPT-4, an advanced LLM, in time-sensitive O&M tasks, aiming to enhance situational awareness and manage cognitive load during oral communications. A customized AR system, incorporating the Microsoft HoloLens2 for cognitive monitoring and GPT-4 for decision making assistance, was tested in a human subject experiment with 30 participants. The 2×2 factorial experiment evaluated the effects of AR and LLM assistance on task performance and cognitive load. Results demonstrated significant improvements in task accuracy and reductions in cognitive load, highlighting the effectiveness of AR and LLM integration in supporting O&M missions. These findings emphasize the need for further research to optimize operational strategies in mission critical environments.

Integration of Augmented Reality in Temporal Bone and Skull Base Surgeries.

Augmented reality technologies provide transformative solutions in various surgical fields. Our research focuses on the use of an advanced augmented reality system that projects 3D holographic images directly into surgical footage, potentially improving the surgeon's orientation to the surgical field and lowering the cognitive load. We created a novel system that combines exoscopic surgical footage from the "ORBEYE" and displays both the surgical field and 3D holograms on a single screen. This setup enables surgeons to use the system without using head-mounted displays, instead viewing the integrated images on a 3D monitor. Thirteen surgeons and surgical assistants completed tasks with 2D and 3D graphical surgical guides. The NASA Task Load Index was used to assess mental, physical, and temporal demands. The use of 3D graphical surgical guides significantly improved performance metrics in cochlear implant surgeries by lowering mental, physical, temporal, and frustration levels. However, for Bonebridge implantation, the 2D graphical surgical guide performed better overall (p = 0.045). Participants found the augmented reality system's video latency to be imperceptible, measuring 0.13 ± 0.01 s. This advanced augmented reality system significantly improves the efficiency and precision of cochlear implant surgeries by lowering cognitive load and improving spatial orientation.

Should I Evaluate My Augmented Reality System in an Industrial Environment? Investigating the Effects of Classroom and Shop Floor Settings on Guided Assembly.

Numerous prior studies have investigated real-time assembly instructions using Augmented Reality (AR). However, most such experiments were conducted in laboratory settings with simplistic assembly tasks, failing to represent real-world industrial conditions. To ascertain to what extent results obtained in a laboratory environment may differ from studies in actual industrial environments, we carried out a user study with 32 manufacturing apprentices. We compared assembly task execution results in two settings, a classroom and an industrial workshop environment. To facilitate the experiments, we developed AR-guided manual assembly systems for simple and more complex assets. Our findings reveal a significantly improved task performance in the industrial workshop, reflected in faster task completion times, fewer errors, and subjectively perceived higher flow. This contradicted participants' subjective ratings, as they expected to perform better in the classroom environment. Our results suggest that the actual manufacturing environment is critical in evaluating AR systems for real-world industrial applications.

Depth Perception in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality: Investigating the Impact of Texture Density, Luminance Contrast, and Color Contrast.

The immersive augmented reality (AR) system necessitates precise depth registration between virtual objects and the real scene. Prior studies have emphasized the efficacy of surface texture in providing depth cues to enhance depth perception across various media, including the real scene, virtual reality, and AR. However, these studies predominantly focus on black-and-white textures, leaving a gap in understanding the effectiveness of colored textures. To address this gap and further explore texture-related factors in AR, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different texture cues on depth perception using the perceptual matching method. Findings indicate that the absolute depth error increases with decreasing contrast under black-and-white texture. Moreover, textures with higher color contrast also contribute to enhanced accuracy of depth judgments in AR. However, no significant effect of texture density on depth perception was observed. The findings serve as a theoretical reference for texture design in AR, aiding in the optimization of virtual-real registration processes.

CGLight: An effective indoor illumination estimation method based on improved convmixer and GauGAN

Illumination consistency is a key factor for seamlessly integrating virtual objects with real scenes in augmented reality (AR) systems. High dynamic range (HDR) panoramic images are widely used to estimate scene lighting accurately. However, generating environment maps requires complex deep network architectures, which cannot operate on devices with limited memory space. To address this issue, this paper proposes CGLight, an effective illumination estimation method that predicts HDR panoramic environment maps from a single limited field-of-view (LFOV) image. We first design a CMAtten encoder to extract features from input images, which learns the spherical harmonic (SH) lighting representation with fewer model parameters. Guided by the lighting parameters, we train a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate HDR environment maps. In addition, to enrich lighting details and reduce training time, we specifically introduce the color consistency loss and independent discriminator, considering the impact of color properties on the lighting estimation task while improving computational efficiency. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CGLight is verified by relighting virtual objects using the predicted environment maps, and the root mean square error and angular error are 0.0494 and 4.0607 in the gray diffuse sphere, respectively. Extensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that CGLight achieves a balance between indoor illumination estimation accuracy and resource efficiency, attaining higher accuracy with nearly 4 times fewer model parameters than the ViT-B16 model.

Augmented Reality Assessments to Support Human Spaceflight Performance Evaluation

INTRODUCTION: As next-generation space exploration missions require increased autonomy from crews, real-time diagnostics of astronaut health and performance are essential for mission operations, especially for determining extravehicular activity readiness. An augmented reality (AR) system may be a viable tool allowing holographic visual cueing to replace physical objects used in traditional assessments. METHODS: In this study, 20 healthy adults were compared in an Ingress and Egress Task and Obstacle Weave Task with holographic and physical objects to determine the effect of AR on performance. Subjects performed each task three times within each modality. RESULTS: AR exhibited increased task completion times with greater head pitch angles across the two tasks. The head and torso angular velocity showed a reduction in magnitude in both tasks within AR, while decreased magnitudes of head and torso acceleration were observed for the Obstacle Weave Task. The subjects were more deliberate and careful in their task completion during the Ingress and Egress Task within AR, stepping higher and lowering their heads further. DISCUSSION: Subjects successfully completed both tasks using AR and meaningful assessments of their performance were obtained. The increased head pitch observed supported the hologram visualization with the reduced AR field of view. The increased task time and reduced torso angular velocity were compared to strategies used by astronauts postflight while experiencing sensorimotor impairments. AR may be a useful instrumentation solution for assessing in-flight performance, providing embedded sensors and onboard computations; however, thresholds for assessing extravehicular activity readiness must be developed. Weiss H, Stirling L. Augmented reality assessments to support human spaceflight performance evaluation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(11):831–840.

HaptoFloater: Visuo-Haptic Augmented Reality by Embedding Imperceptible Color Vibration Signals for Tactile Display Control in a Mid-Air Image.

We propose HaptoFloater, a low-latency mid-air visuo-haptic augmented reality (VHAR) system that utilizes imperceptible color vibrations. When adding tactile stimuli to the visual information of a mid-air image, the user should not perceive the latency between the tactile and visual information. However, conventional tactile presentation methods for mid-air images, based on camera-detected fingertip positioning, introduce latency due to image processing and communication. To mitigate this latency, we use a color vibration technique; humans cannot perceive the vibration when the display alternates between two different color stimuli at a frequency of 25 Hz or higher. In our system, we embed this imperceptible color vibration into the mid-air image formed by a micromirror array plate, and a photodiode on the fingertip device directly detects this color vibration to provide tactile stimulation. Thus, our system allows for the tactile perception of multiple patterns on a mid-air image in 59.5 ms. In addition, we evaluate the visual-haptic delay tolerance on a mid-air display using our VHAR system and a tactile actuator with a single pattern and faster response time. The results of our user study indicate a visual-haptic delay tolerance of 110.6 ms, which is considerably larger than the latency associated with systems using multiple tactile patterns.

Cooperative augmented assembly (CAA): augmented reality for on-site cooperative robotic fabrication

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in computational design and robotic fabrication for large-scale manufacturing. Although these advances have enhanced the speed, precision, and reproducibility of digital fabrication processes, they often lack adaptability and fail to integrate manual actions in a digital model. Addressing this challenge, the present study introduces cooperative augmented assembly (CAA), a phone-based mobile Augmented Reality (AR) application that facilitates cooperative assembly of complex timber structures between humans and robots. CAA enables augmented manual assembly, intuitive robot control and supervision, and task sharing between humans and robots, creating an adaptive digital fabrication process. To allocate tasks to manual or robotic actions, the mobile AR application allows multiple users to access a shared digital workspace. This is achieved through a flexible communication system that allows numerous users and robots to cooperate seamlessly. By harnessing a cloud-based augmented reality system in combination with an adaptive digital model, CAA aims to better incorporate human actions in robotic fabrication setups, facilitating human–machine cooperation workflows and establishing a highly intuitive, adaptable digital fabrication process within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction sector.

Augmented Reality for Air Quality Monitoring: Case Study in the Marche Region (Italy)

Abstract. Augmented Reality (AR) allows the real world to be enhanced through the overlapping of digital information generated by an algorithm or software amplifying the user's perception. In this research, the potential of AR is exploited by applying it to the problem of air pollution visualization to raise awareness of the issue. It is well known that the principal sources of air pollution include industry, domestic heating, traffic, production processes and more others. According to European Environment Agency, air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe in 2022 affecting respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and premature deaths. A suitable combination of GIS-based procedures for data analysis and georeferencing, AR systems for the visualization and exploitation of the results, can be a strategic driver. The research presented in this paper has been experimented in the Marche Region, in the central part of Italy, and in particular the city of Ancona. The pollutant data collected come from 17 Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale delle Marche (ARPAM) meteorological ground-based stations located in Marche Region. The data processing have been executed using the software ArcGis Pro instead of a 3D City Model has been acquired from the online 3D ArcGIS platform. According to the Dlgs.155/2010 regulation, the AQI index (Air Quality Index) has been provided by the interpolation of the meteorological ground stations data. The visualization phase has been tackled exploiting in a WebGIS platform and an APP by AR. A 3D immersive visualization is made using five AQI level of air quality (excellent, good, fair, poor, bad) in order to increase the urban sensing.

The Future Museum: Integrating Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual-text with AI-enhanced Information Systems

This study examines how AR, virtual text, and AI in future museums affect visitor engagement, knowledge acquisition, emotional response, and social interaction. The study uses econometrics equations, text analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and agent-based modelling. The economic models show that virtual text type, depth of knowledge, personalization, accessibility options, and AR museum experiences increase visitor engagement, knowledge, emotional response, and social interaction. Thematic analysis displays visitor viewpoints such as AR curiosity, personalization, and cultural significance, while correlation matrices indicate their relationships. Bayesian econometrics, text analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and agent-based modelling are used to explore museum visitors' interactions with augmented reality, virtual text, and AI-enhanced information systems. These devices improve visitor engagement, social connection, emotional response, and information collection. Self-reported data biases, context biases, and rapid technological advancement limit the study. Museums can benefit from user-centric technology, AR, personalization, and cultural knowledge. The main findings reveal that these technologies significantly increase museum visitors, emphasizing that future museum administration and design must carefully adopt new technology. The findings may affect museum staff, designers, and decision-makers. Learning important technology factors improves AR, virtual text, and AI-enhanced information system design and deployment decisions. UX design prioritizes visitor choices, while immersive and integrated displays connect museum experiences. These practical implications force museums to actively and practically integrate technology to stay relevant. The project's findings, practical insights, and visitor experiences will improve future technological and cultural organisation research. The whole process contributes to the discussion on how emerging technologies affect museum experiences and innovation and decision-making in the ever-changing cultural heritage context.

Application of augmented reality navigation in oral surgery. A clinical trial.

Background. Augmented reality (AR) is a potential alternative for surgical navigation, as it can provide visualisation of various anatomical structures of maxilla-facial region.We have developed a specific platform for 3D model management and intraoperative AR-navigation during surgical procedures. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgeons’ perceptions and usability of AR- navigation for most common surgical procedures in oral surgery. Materials and Methods. We performed a phantom study to determine the accuracy of the AR system in the maxillofacial region. Registration errors are typical in image-guided surgery were measured: Fiducial Registration Error (FRE), Target Registration Error (TRE), and Fiducial Localization Error (FLE). Thereafter we conducted a clinical trial with several surgeons performing surgical procedures on jaws using AR-technology. AR- navigation usability was evaluated with the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) (scores range from -3 to +3 for each scale). Results. Mean value of the Fiducial Registration Error was 0.9 mm with SD = 0.7 mm (95% CI 0.4–1.3 mm). Target Registration Error was 1.3 mm (SD= 0.5 mm, 95% CI 1.1–1.5 mm). Fiducial Localization Error was the most significant – 2.2mm (SD= 0.9, 95% CI 1.9–2.5 mm). The higher rankings in the UEQ were related to the novelty and excitement of using an AR-navigation in maxillofacial surgery. The pragmatic quality aspect explains the technical focus of perception to achieve goals in a product, system, or service design. Efficiency was expected to be slightly higher, but in our opinion this is due to the technical difficulties of the system for novel AR technology. Conclusion. Based on our results, accuracy of the AR system in the maxillofacial region and the user experience of the AR-navigation system for oral surgery is good enough.

Acceptance and feasibility of an augmented reality-based navigation system with optical tracking for percutaneous procedures in interventional radiology - a simulation-based phantom study.

Augmented reality (AR) projects additional information into the user's field of view during interventions. The aim was to evaluate the acceptance and clinical feasibility of an AR system and to compare users with different levels of experience. A system was examined that projects a CT-generated 3D model of a phantom into the field of view using a HoloLens 2, whereby the tracked needle is displayed and navigated live. A projected ultrasound image is used for live control of the needle positioning. This should minimize radiation exposure and improve orientation.The acceptance and usability of the AR navigation system was evaluated by 10 physicians and medical students with different levels of experience by performing punctures with the system in a phantom. The required time was then compared and a questionnaire was completed to assess clinical acceptance and feasibility. For statistical analysis, frequencies for qualitative characteristics, location and dispersion measures for quantitative characteristics and Spearman rank correlations for correlations were calculated.9 out of 10 subjects hit all 5 target regions in the first attempt, taking an average of 29:39 minutes for all punctures. There was a significant correlation between previous experience in interventional radiology, years in the profession, and the time required. Overall, the time varied from an average of 43:00 min. for medical students to 15:00 min. for chief physicians. All test subjects showed high acceptance of the system and rated especially the potential clinical feasibility, the simplification of the puncture, and the image quality positively. However, the majority require further training for sufficient safety in use.The system offers distinct advantages for navigation and orientation, facilitates percutaneous interventions during training and enables professionally experienced physicians to achieve short intervention times. In addition, the system improves ergonomics during the procedure by making important information always directly available in the field of view and has the potential to reduce the radiation exposure of staff in particular by combining AR and sonography and thus shortening CT-fluoroscopy times. · AR navigation offers advantages for orientation during percutaneous radiological interventions.. · The subjects would like to use the AR system in everyday clinical practice on patients.. · AR improves ergonomics by making important information directly available in the field of view.. · The combination of AR and sonography can significantly reduce radiation exposure for staff.. · Rohmer K, Becker M, Georgiades M et al. Acceptance and feasibility of an augmented reality-based navigation system with optical tracking for percutaneous procedures in interventional radiology - a simulation-based phantom study. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2416-1080.

Supporting Human–Robot Interaction in Manufacturing with Augmented Reality and Effective Human–Computer Interaction: A Review and Framework

The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) into Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) represents a significant advancement in collaborative technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AR applications within HRI with a focus on manufacturing, emphasizing their role in enhancing collaboration, trust, and safety. By aggregating findings from numerous studies, this research highlights key challenges, including the need for improved Situational Awareness, enhanced safety, and more effective communication between humans and robots. A framework developed from the literature is presented, detailing the critical elements of AR necessary for advancing HRI. The framework outlines effective methods for continuously evaluating AR systems for HRI. The framework is supported with the help of two case studies and another ongoing research endeavor presented in this paper. This structured approach focuses on enhancing collaboration and safety, with a strong emphasis on integrating best practices from Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) centered around user experience and design.

Navigating the Future of 3D Laparoscopic Liver Surgeries: Visualization of Internal Anatomy on Laparoscopic Images With Augmented Reality.

Liver tumor resection requires precise localization of tumors and blood vessels. Despite advancements in 3-dimensional (3D) visualization for laparoscopic surgeries, challenges persist. We developed and evaluated an augmented reality (AR) system that overlays preoperative 3D models onto laparoscopic images, offering crucial support for 3D visualization during laparoscopic liver surgeries. Anatomic liver structures from preoperative computed tomography scans were segmented using open-source software including 3D Slicer and Maya 2022 for 3D model editing. A registration system was created with 3D visualization software utilizing a stereo registration input system to overlay the virtual liver onto laparoscopic images during surgical procedures. A controller was customized using a modified keyboard to facilitate manual alignment of the virtual liver with the laparoscopic image. The AR system was evaluated by 3 experienced surgeons who performed manual registration for a total of 27 images from 7 clinical cases. The evaluation criteria included registration time; measured in minutes, and accuracy; measured using the Dice similarity coefficient. The overall mean registration time was 2.4±1.7 minutes (range: 0.3 to 9.5min), and the overall mean registration accuracy was 93.8%±4.9% (range: 80.9% to 99.7%). Our validated AR system has the potential to effectively enable the prediction of internal hepatic anatomic structures during 3D laparoscopic liver resection, and may enhance 3D visualization for select laparoscopic liver surgeries.

An Interactive Vision-Based 3D Augmented Reality System for In-Home Physical Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Inquiry to Inform System Development.

Postoperative physical rehabilitation is crucial after total joint replacement (TJR). However, completing the recommended levels of postoperative physical exercise is challenging for many older adults with TJR. Lack of adequate postoperative physical exercise has negative consequences on rehabilitation outcomes. Innovative rehabilitation tools for postoperative physical exercises are needed to ensure successful rehabilitation outcomes among older adults with TJR. The aim of this study is to explore key knowledge users' perspectives about how to design an interactive vision-based three-dimensional augmented reality system (3D ARS) to support in-home postoperative physical rehabilitation for older adults with TJR. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study involving 11 semi-structured interviews and six focus groups with 42 older adults with TJR and four unrelated family caregivers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Participant insights were grouped into two main themes: (1) dreaming up possibilities and (2) being pragmatic. The first theme captured participants' reflections on the potential utility of a 3D ARS for postoperative physical rehabilitation and features that could be embedded in the 3D ARS to support successful postoperative physical rehabilitation. The second theme captured participants' reflections on practical issues and considerations that could impact access and usage of the 3D ARS. These findings provide researchers, rehabilitation providers and system developers with the foundations for designing, implementing and evaluating innovative augmented reality tools that support effective in-home physical rehabilitation among older adults with TJR. Research users (i.e., individuals and organisations invested in and using the research findings) were actively engaged throughout this work. Specifically, a meeting was held between the research team and representatives of an Expert by Experience team (individuals with lived experience), which was established to support the National Research Council's (organisation) Aging in Place programme. During this meeting, the idea to develop and evaluate an ARS for postoperative physical rehabilitation of older adults with TJR was supported. Research users had the opportunity to review the current study protocol and provide feedback on the study design, offering direction to maximize the relevance and usefulness of our findings to the National Research Council Canada's Aging in Place programme. Research users contributed to participant recruitment efforts and the development of the interview guide. Two Experts by Experience also agreed to be on the Advisory Panel for this multi-phased study, supporting active engagement and centring the voice of research users in knowledge creation and implementation. These experts reviewed a brief report of the current study findings, and continue to guide how the study findings are used to inform the next phase of this multi-phased research.

The Future Museum: Integrating Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual-text with AI-enhanced Information Systems

This study examines how AR, virtual text, and AI in future museums affect visitor engagement, knowledge acquisition, emotional response, and social interaction. The study uses econometrics equations, text analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and agent-based modelling. The economic models show that virtual text type, depth of knowledge, personalization, accessibility options, and AR museum experiences increase visitor engagement, knowledge, emotional response, and social interaction. Thematic analysis displays visitor viewpoints such as AR curiosity, personalization, and cultural significance, while correlation matrices indicate their relationships. Bayesian econometrics, text analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and agent-based modelling are used to explore museum visitors' interactions with augmented reality, virtual text, and AI-enhanced information systems. These devices improve visitor engagement, social connection, emotional response, and information collection. Self-reported data biases, context biases, and rapid technological advancement limit the study. Museums can benefit from user-centric technology, AR, personalization, and cultural knowledge. The main findings reveal that these technologies significantly increase museum visitors, emphasizing that future museum administration and design must carefully adopt new technology. The findings may affect museum staff, designers, and decision-makers. Learning important technology factors improves AR, virtual text, and AI-enhanced information system design and deployment decisions. UX design prioritizes visitor choices, while immersive and integrated displays connect museum experiences. These practical implications force museums to actively and practically integrate technology to stay relevant. The project's findings, practical insights, and visitor experiences will improve future technological and cultural organisation research. The whole process contributes to the discussion on how emerging technologies affect museum experiences and innovation and decision-making in the ever-changing cultural heritage context.

A Self-Developed Mobility Augmented Reality System Versus Conventional X-rays for Spine Positioning in Intraspinal Tumor Surgery: A Case-Control Study.

To evaluate the efficacy of a self-developed mobile augmented reality navigation system (MARNS) in guiding spinal level positioning during intraspinal tumor surgery based on a dual-error theory. This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with intraspinal tumors admitted to Fujian Provincial Hospital between May and November 2023. The participants were divided into conventional x-rays and self-developed MARNS groups according to the localization methods they received. Position time, length of intraoperative incision variation, and location accuracy were systematically compared. A total of 41 patients (19 males) with intraspinal tumors were included, and MARNS was applied to 21 patients. MARNS achieved successful lesion localization in all patients with an error of 0.38±0.12 cm. Compared to x-rays, MARNS significantly reduced positioning time (129.00±13.03 seconds vs. 365.00±60.43 seconds, p<0.001) and length of intraoperative incision variation (0.14 cm vs. 0.67 cm, p=0.009). The self-developed MARNS, based on augmented reality technology for lesion visualization and perpendicular projection, offers a radiation-free complement to conventional x-rays.

AR for Warehouses: a Marker-based Augmented System for Navigation and Inventory Management

This study investigates using augmented reality (AR) to assist warehouse operators. By employing head-mounted displays (HMDs), the AR application overlays relevant navigational information and inventory data directly onto the user’s field of vision, enabling a hands-free interaction system that creates a more efficient workflow. Incorporating a marker-based AR architecture offers precise item localization and navigation support, addressing common issues such as time-consuming item checks and potential navigational errors while moving in the warehouse. Through the assistance of these processes, the AR system aims to enhance the efficiency and precision of warehouse operations. This research highlights the advantages and potential challenges of implementing AR solutions in industrial settings, emphasizing the need for innovative warehouse logistics and management approaches.