Augmented Production Research Articles

Quality improvement of smart senior care service platform in China based on grey relational analysis and Fuzzy-QFD

PurposeSmart senior care industry in China currently faces a series of practical difficulties such as an imbalance in the demand and supply structure, service products unable to cater to the actual needs of the elderly and a low degree of marketization. This study therefore proposes using grey relational analysis and the Fuzzy-quality function development (QFD) quality improvement method to help solve these problems.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method converts the fuzzy requirements of the elderly into the technical characteristics of technologically augmented senior care service products. It then, uses the QFD relationship matrix, combined with grey relational analysis, to analyze the relationship between the needs of elderly and the converted technical characteristics, and subsequently identifies key technical characteristics.FindingsResults show that an improvement in the smart senior care service platform according to the differences of the elderly's preferences can significantly improve users' satisfaction with the service in addition to enhancing market competitiveness of the technologically assisted senior care service products.Originality/valueA novel method to improve the need of smart senior care is proposed by considering age difference. The proposed grey relational analysis and Fuzzy-QFD quality improvement method can help improve the service quality of the smart senior care service platform.

Augmented product information: crafting physical-digital transparency strategies in the materials supply chain

The adoption of digitally enabled manufacturing requires new strategies for managing information about the construction materials beyond the traditional project-driven perspective. This paper contributes an approach to improving transparency and traceability (T&T) of materials using industry 4.0 technologies. The results of a year-long action research in a glass manufacturing company include a guide to identifying requirements for T&T in the materials supply chain and an instantiation of T&T requirements for that sector. Our findings suggest identifying spheres of transparency shaped by enforced and voluntary regulations, and, afterward, creating transparency by design scenarios to complement the physical product with layers of digital information tailored for each stakeholder and product lifecycle phase. Additionally, this research extends the existing body of knowledge in T&T using a combination of technologies that support electronic product labeling. These outcomes are aligned with emerging regulations and calls for disclosure practices to achieve full product information. They are also relevant for material manufacturers, who can seize the opportunity to boost their brands using technological enablers of industry 4.0, including augmented reality, cloud, and mobile systems.

Investors’ origin and FDI Spillovers in Nigeria: Evidence from manufacturing sector

The study of FDI spillover effects on domestic firms in developing countries has attracted the attention of many researchers over the past few decades. This study examines the role of country of origin of foreign investors in influencing FDI spillovers in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria using survey data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey published in 2018. Our study differs from previous FDI studies in the sense that existing studies in Nigeria did not pay attention to the country of origin of foreign investors in the analysis of FDI spillover effects. We follow the methodology of Javorcik (2004) in constructing the FDI spillover variables and use the augmented Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate the spillover effects of FDI on productivity of local firms where we incorporate investors’ origin. Pooled OLS is used for the estimation of the parameters. The results of the regression analysis show that investors that originated from Europe have positive and statistically significant impact on productivity and also generate more technology spillovers compared to investors from Asia, Middle East and Africa. It is recommended that policymakers consider the source country of foreign investors when formulating FDI policies and further micro level studies are needed for more understanding how FDI spillovers affect the performance of local firms in developing countries especially in Africa.

Dependence of Leydig Cell's Mitochondrial Physiology on Luteinizing Hormone Signaling.

Knowledge about the relationship between steroidogenesis and the regulation of the mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, in steroidogenic cells, is not completely elucidated. Here we employed in vivo and ex vivo experimental models to analyze mitochondrial physiology in Leydig cells depending on the different LH-cAMP environments. Activation of LH-receptor in rat Leydig cells ex and in vivo triggered cAMP, increased oxygen consumption, mitoenergetic and steroidogenic activities. Increased mitoenergetic activity i.e., ATP production is achieved through augmented glycolytic ATP production and a small part of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Transcription of major genes responsible for mitochondrial dynamics was upregulated for Ppargc1a (regulator of mitogenesis and function) and downregulated for Drp1 (main fission marker), Prkn, Pink1 and Tfeb (mitophagy markers). Leydig cells from gonadotropin-treated rats show increased mitogenesis confirmed by increased mitochondrial mass, increased mtDNA, more frequent mitochondria observed by a transmission electron microscope and increased expression of subunits of respiratory proteins Cytc/CYTC and COX4. Opposite, Leydig cells from hypogonadotropic-hypogonadal rats characterized by low LH-cAMP, testosterone, and ATP production, reduced markers of mitogenesis and mitofusion (Mfn1/2, Opa1) associated with reduced mtDNA content. Altogether results underline LH-cAMP signaling as an important regulator of mitochondrial physiology arranging mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetic and steroidogenic function in Leydig cells.

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics at the Onset of Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies: An Overview.

The combined derangements in mitochondria network, function and dynamics can affect metabolism and ATP production, redox homeostasis and apoptosis triggering, contributing to cancer development in many different complex ways. In hematological malignancies, there is a strong relationship between cellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, interconnections with supportive microenvironment and drug resistance. Lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, e.g., adapt to intrinsic oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. In other hematological disorders such as myeloma, on the contrary, bioenergetics changes, associated to increased mitochondrial fitness, derive from the adaptive response to drug-induced stress. In the bone marrow niche, a reverse Warburg effect has been recently described, consisting in metabolic changes occurring in stromal cells in the attempt to metabolically support adjacent cancer cells. Moreover, a physiological dynamic, based on mitochondria transfer, between tumor cells and their supporting stromal microenvironment has been described to sustain oxidative stress associated to proteostasis maintenance in multiple myeloma and leukemia. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis of tumor cells associated to acquisition of new mitochondria transferred by mesenchymal stromal cells results in augmented ATP production through increased oxidative phosphorylation (OX-PHOS), higher drug resistance, and resurgence after treatment. Accordingly, targeting mitochondrial biogenesis, electron transfer, mitochondrial DNA replication, or mitochondrial fatty acid transport increases therapy efficacy. In this review, we summarize selected examples of the mitochondrial derangements in hematological malignancies, which provide metabolic adaptation and apoptosis resistance, also supported by the crosstalk with tumor microenvironment. This field promises a rational design to improve target-therapy including the metabolic phenotype.

Modelling the economic role of hydropower: Evidence from bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag approach

Despite being one of the most researched areas within the general field of energy economics, the energy-growth nexus remains largely inconclusive with four testable hypotheses that include the feedback, neutrality, conservation, and growth hypothesis. This study contributes to the extant literature of energy-growth nexus by investigating the causal dynamics between hydroelectricity consumption and economic growth in Malaysia in an augmented production function framework that incorporates human capital as additional regressor with an updated yearly time series data that span the period 1971–2017. Importantly, we have employed a recently developed bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (BARDL) modelling technique of McNown et al. (2018) [1]; to probe the long-run relationship between the variables and Granger causality test based on the new method was conducted to ascertain the causal dynamics in the model. The new technique is a significant improvement over the conventional ARDL method as it incorporates an additional F-test on the lagged independent variables (or t-test in the case of a single independent variable) which helps in avoiding a scenario of treating a degenerate case as a cointegrating case. The empirical findings show evidence that in the long run hydroelectricity consumption Granger causes gross domestic product (GDP), and physical capital Granger causes human capital while the short run analysis show that GDP and physical capital Granger cause hydroelectricity consumption. The study recommends more funding to improve hydroelectric facilities and investment in capital expenditure that can promote the development of human capital in the country.

Does military spending stifle economic growth? The empirical evidence from non-OECD countries

Undeniably, peace and long-term sustainable economic development are the prime agenda of all countries. This study aims to empirically evaluate the impact of military spending on economic growth for a panel of 35 non-OECD countries over 1988–2019. A multivariate regression model based on the augmented production function is used to achieve the objective of the study. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)/pooled mean group (PMG) technique is employed, while, in addition the robust least squares and fixed-effect estimators are implemented for the robustness of the results. This study found a clear negative effect of military spending on economic growth. The pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test results exhibit bi-directional causality between military expenses and economic growth. Overall, these estimates provide strong support that military expenditure is not beneficial rather detrimental to economic growth. The empirical findings of this study suggest that policymakers need to redesign the military budget to stimulate economic growth and improve social welfare.

CD45RA, CD8β, and IFNγ Are Potential Immune Biomarkers of Human Cognitive Function.

There is increasing evidence that in humans the adaptive immunological system can influence cognitive functions of the brain. We have undertaken a comprehensive immunological analysis of lymphocyte and monocyte populations as well as of HLA molecules expression in a cohort of elderly volunteers (age range, 64–101) differing in their cognitive status. Hereby, we report on the identification of a novel signature in cognitively impaired elderly characterized by: (1) elevated percentages of CD8+ T effector-memory cells expressing high levels of the CD45RA phosphate receptor (Temra hi); (2) high percentages of CD8+ T cells expressing high levels of the CD8β chain (CD8βhi); (3) augmented production of IFNγ by in vitro activated CD4+ T cells. Noteworthy, CD3+CD8+ Temra hi and CD3+CD8βhi cells were associated with impaired cognition. Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence showed that all volunteers studied but one were CMV positive. Finally, we show that some of these phenotypic and functional features are associated with an increased frequency of the HLA-B8 serotype, which belongs to the ancestral haplotype HLA-A1, Cw7, B8, DR3, DQ2, among cognitively impaired volunteers. To our knowledge, this is the first proof in humans linking the amount of cell surface CD45RA and CD8β chain expressed by CD8+ Temra cells, and the amount of IFNγ produced by in vitro activated CD4+ T cells, with impaired cognitive function in the elderly.

A Clearance Period after Soluble Lead Nanoparticle Inhalation Did Not Ameliorate the Negative Effects on Target Tissues Due to Decreased Immune Response.

The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO3)2 NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO3)2 NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.

A new phytocosmetic preparation from Thymus vulgaris stimulates adipogenesis and controls skin aging process: In vitro studies and topical effects in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The use of the injectable products for soft tissue augmentation and treatment of skin aging is an uncomfortable, invasive and related to several complications, and chronic reactions, mainly after long-term application. Efforts to develop new topically active anti-aging products with fewer adverse effects are a huge challenge that should be faced. We evaluated the anti-aging effects of a phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris associated with lecithin (ThymLec) on the facial wrinkles, expression lines, and face oval remodeling using a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial and in vitro cell culture assays. A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ThymLec 2% on the area, length, and depth of the perioral and crow's feet wrinkles, nasolabial and smile lines, as well as face oval remodeling in female volunteers using a sophisticated Bio3D Structured-light Scanner. In the in vitro studies using 3T3-L1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, adiponectin was measured by immunoenzymatic assay, adipogenesis by the AdipoRed reagent method, and the PPAR-γ expression by RT-PCR analysis. Topical treatment with ThymLec 2% reduced facial wrinkles and expression lines promoting a face oval remodeling. In the in vitro studies, ThymLec upregulated the PPAR-γ expression increasing adiponectin production and stimulating the adipogenesis process. The phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris and lecithin is an innovative and safe topical anti-aging product promoting fat tissue augmentation by adipogenesis stimulation via the upregulation of PPAR-γ expression and adiponectin production.

Impact of sex hormones dysregulation and adiposity on the outcome of postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

Epidemiological studies demonstrated that, in postmenopausal women, high circulating levels of testosterone, especially when associated with weight gain, positively correlated with an increased risk of breast cancer because of the augmented production of oestrogen via testosterone aromatization in the adipose tissue. Besides, growing evidence suggests that sulfatase can increase the tissue concentration of bioactive estradiol through the reconversion of estrone sulfate, thus providing a favourable milieu for epithelial cells expressing the oestrogen receptor. In this review, we will discuss how the "obesity-insulin-testosterone" connection and the abnormal production of bioactive oestrogen - as a result of the conversion of the androgens by aromatase and the estrone reconversion by sulfatase-, may affect the response to hormone therapy and the outcome of postmenopausal breast cancer patients, and how a combined therapy including metformin, anti-inflammatory drugs, and aromatase/sulfatase inhibitors could successfully improve patient's outcome.

ANALISIS PENGARUH AUGMENTED PRODUCT DAN LOCATION TERHADAP OCCUPANCY RATE HOTEL BINTANG TIGA DI WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA

The general objectve of this study was to determine the relative variable derived from called as Augmented Prodct on the one hand, and Occupancy Rate of Three Star Hotel on the other hand in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Primary data got from apprecials of gues hotel and its managementand apprecial of the researcher for its variable owned by them. Evently, secondary data got and came from Indonesian Association Hotel and Restaurant, Direction General of Toursim, Central Statistical Bureau, Newspapers, Magazine, Brochure and Others. For fomulation acase within this study conceming:"Should be Augmented Product Hotel Affected, Three Star Hotel in DKI Jakarta, toward rate of Occupancy?" variable analysed within this study consist of: Location, Parking, Exterior and interior structure and design, Food and beverage, Guest rooms and suites, Other meeting rooms and services. Its hypothesis as follows: The existing of Augmented Product toward Occupancy Rate. The method is used to collect data such as interview, questioners and observation. Anyway data method analysis used as Linear Regression Analysis, in which variable depence (=Y) as Occupancy Rate Hotel and free variable in which Augmented Product. The results of this study that Location, Exterior and interior structure and design, Food and beverage, Guest Rooms, and Guest Hotel, Hotel Management, researcher point that the variable parkig, it was not effet for OCR. For conlusion of this stufy referred to its hotel, in order to oon perform renovation when nature ofits Augmented Producthave less that good condition too. Because of comptetition frequently mosty tighted.

Augmented biohydrogen production from rice mill wastewater through nano-metal oxides assisted dark fermentation

This study highlights biohydrogen production enrichment through NiO and CoO nanoparticles (NPs) inclusion to dark fermentation of rice mill wastewater using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 791. NiO (~26 nm) and CoO (~50 nm) NPs were intrinsically prepared via facile hydrothermal method with polyhedral morphology and high purity. Dosage dependency studies revealed the maximum biohydrogen production characteristics for 1.5 mg/L concentration of both NPs. Biohydrogen yield was improved by 2.09 and 1.9 folds higher for optimum dosage of NiO and CoO respectively, compared to control run without NPs. Co-metabolites analysis confirmed the biohydrogen production through acetate and butyrate pathways. Maximum COD reduction efficiencies of 77.6% and 69.5% were observed for NiO and CoO inclusions respectively, which were higher than control run (57.5%). Gompertz kinetic model fitted well with experimental data of NPs assisted fermentation. Thus, NiO and CoO inclusions to wastewater fermentation seems to be a promising technique for augmented biohydrogen production.

Discovery of VEGFR-2 inhibitors exerting significant anticancer activity against CD44+ and CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs): Reversal of TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy characterized by neoangiogenesis, which is an augmented production of proangiogenic factors by the tumor and its adjacent infected cells. These dysregulated angiogenic factors are the therapeutic targets in anti-angiogenic drug development. The signaling pathway of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR-2 is crucial for controlling the angiogenic responses in endothelial cells (ECs). In this study, we carried out a rational drug design approach wherein we have identified the novel orally bioavailable compound VS 8 as a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor, which remarkably suppresses hVEGF and hVEGFR-2 expression in HUVECs and exhibits significant anti-angiogenic effects in CAM assay. Besides, VS 8 significantly induces apoptosis in HCC cell line (Hep G2). Later we examined its effectiveness against CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs. Here, VS 8 was found to be active against CSCs, and adequate for the cessation of the cell cycle at 'G0/G1' and 'S' phase in CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs respectively. Factually, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces invasion and migration of HCC cells, which results in the metastasis. Therefore, we studied the effect of VS 8 on EMT markers using flow cytometry, which suggested that VS 8 significantly upregulates E-cadherin (epithelial biomarker) and downregulates vimentin (mesenchymal biomarker). Further, VS 8 downregulates the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), i.e., SNAIL. Altogether, our findings indicate that VS 8 could be a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy.

Tendon Cells Derived From The Long Head Of The Biceps And The Supraspinatus Tendons Of Patients Affected By Rotator Cuff Tears Show Different Expression Of Inflammatory Markers

ABSTRACT Aim of the study Tendons are exposed to mechanical stress constantly during movements and thus they are frequently subjected to injuries. Rotator cuff tears are common musculoskeletal disorders, mainly involving the supraspinatus tendon. The characterization of the tenocytes derived from this tendon and the comparison to cells isolated from the long head of the biceps tendon obtained from donors affected by rotator cuff disease may improve the knowledge of the cellular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of the pathology. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize and compare donor-matched human tendon cells (TCs) isolated from the long head of the biceps (LHB-TCs) and the supraspinatus tendons (SSP-TCs) of patients affected by rotator cuff tears. Methods donor-matched LHB-TCs and SSP-TCs were isolated and cultured up to passage 3. Phenotypic appearance, metabolic activity, DNA content, production of soluble mediators (IL-1Ra, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF) and gene expression of tendon markers (SCX, COL1A1, COL3A1), inflammatory (PTGS2), and catabolic enzymes (MMP-1, MMP-3) were evaluated. Results LHB-TCs showed an elongated fibroblast-like shape, while SSP-TCs appeared irregular with jagged membrane. SSP-TCs gene expression revealed an augmented production of PTGS2, a marker of inflammation, whereas they produced a reduced amount of IL-6, in respect to LHB-TCs. Conclusion SSP-TCs showed higher cellular stress and expression of inflammatory markers with respect to donor-matched LHB-TCs, suggesting that addressing the physio-pathological state of supraspinatus tendon cells during treatment of rotator cuff tears could favor tissue healing and possibly prevent relapses.

The Microbiota-Derived Metabolite of Quercetin, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Prevents Malignant Transformation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Hemin in Colon Cancer and Normal Colon Epithelia Cell Lines.

Meat diet plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hemin, a metabolite of myoglobin, produced after meat intake, has been involved in CRC initiation. The compound, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4HPAA) is a scarcely studied microbiota-derived metabolite of the flavonoid quercetin (QUE), which exert antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of 3,4HPAA against malignant transformation (increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, DNA oxidative damage and augmented reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels) and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hemin in normal colon epithelial cells and colon cancer cells. The effect of 3,4HPAA was assessed in comparison to its precursor, QUE and to a known CRC protective agent, sulforaphane (SFN). The results showed that both, tumor and normal cells, exposed to hemin, presented increased cell proliferation, decreased caspase 3 activity and cytochrome c release, as well as augmented production of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS. In addition, hemin decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the activity of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain. These effects of hemin were prevented by the action of 3,4HPAA. The metabolite showed to be more active than QUE and slightly less active than SFN. In conclusion, 3,4HPAA administration could represent a promising strategy for preventing malignant transformation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon epithelia induced by hemin.

The validity of the export-led growth hypothesis: some evidence from the GCC

ABSTRACT This study investigates the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis (ELG) in five GCC countries, namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The study uses an augmented production function and annual time series data over the period 1975-2016. For the estimation of the models, the Johansen cointegration test is employed to test the existence of a long-run relationship between growth and exports. In addition, the multivariate Granger causality test in a vector autoregressive model framework and a modified version of the Wald test are applied to examine the direction of the short-run and long-run causality respectively. The empirical results provide evidence to support the validity of the ELG hypothesis in the short-run for the UAE, while the converse is true for Bahrain. In addition, a bi-directional causality exists between exports and growth in the case of Kuwait. In the long-run, the validity of the ELG is confirmed in the case of Bahrain, while economic growth causes exports in the case of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

Experimental clinical research of functional activities of collagen 3D-matrix

Relevance. The development of safe and effective methods and medical products for augmentation of soft tissues in the oral cavity has been the basis for research in experimental and clinical dentistry for more than a year. The widespread use of materials for restoring the volume of soft tissues in surgical dentistry is mainly due to the requirement of patients for aesthetics in visually significant areas of the oral cavity. At the moment, the medical market offers a large number of scaffolds for the restoration of defects in the maxillofacial region, which in turn are made from biological and synthetic raw materials. Collagen matrices occupy an important place among scaffolds. Compared to commonly used inert matrices, the advantages of using combined tissue-engineering constructs with biologically active ingredients have been demonstrated. Associated with this is the growing popularity of implantable medical devices based on the use of extracellular collagen matrix. The extracellular collagen matrix serves as the basis for the growth of cell culture and is an independent matrix that transforms into healthy recipient tissue. Purpose . An experimentally-clinical research of functional action of collagen matrix in experiment in vivo on animals. Materials and methods . The study was conducted in the vivarium of the experimental station of the all-Russian research Institute of sheep and goat breeding. Four Mature sheep of the North Caucasian meat-wool breed aged 1.5 to 2 years were used in the in vivo experiment. The body weight of the animals was 35-40 kg. Sheeps were divided into two groups of two individuals. The first group of animals was excluded 3 months after the implantation of collagen matrix samples, the second group was excluded after 6 months. At experiments statement the principle of “divided mouth was used, where right half of the jaw was of control, and left-hand experienced. After taking the materials from the animals, the degree of biointegration, biodegradation of the samples and vascularization of the newly formed connective tissue in the area of collagen matrix implantation were analyzed. Results. According to the results of microscopic examination of samples of connective tissue of the inflammatory process was not revealed. Connective tissue in all samples is represented by decorated and unformed connective tissue, a large number of fibrocytes and fibroblasts were found. Conclusion. The results showed that for soft tissue volume augmentation of the oral mucosa it is effective and safe to use samples from veal, pork collagen and dura mater. Also, experimental samples of collagen matrix showed the same results of biointegration, biodegradation and vascularization as the control ones.

Analysis of Key Problems in the Optimal Design of Satellite-based Precise Point Positioning Messages

Precise point positioning (PPP) technology for satellite navigation has received considerable attention because of its wide area coverage, uniform accuracy, and small number of ground reference sites. The use of satellite-based broadcasting technique enables the realization of PPP at the globe, even for users on the oceans. However, due to limited and valuable satellite downlink resources, the optimal design of satellite-based broadcasting message is of great significance. In this study, the influences of some key factors on the accuracy loss of products are analyzed, including the PPP message broadcasting interval, the message data bit width, and the scale factor. On this basis, the effect on the final positioning accuracy of the user is evaluated. Broadcasting design ideas and suggestions for major augmentation products, including Global Navigation Satellite System satellite orbits and clock corrections, through a simulation calculation based on a precise ephemeris are given, thereby providing references for the optimal design of satellite-based augmentation PPP service messages.

Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of α-triazolylsialosides as non-hydrolyzable and potent CD22 ligands.

Ligand 1 was the first reported example of monomeric high-affinity synthetic CD22 ligand that regulated B cell activation invitro, augmented antibody production and regulated immune responses in mice. Replacing O-glycoside linkage of 1 by nitrogen of triazole by click reaction afforded compounds which are as potent as the parent compound. The synthesis of the new compounds is straightforward with fewer synthetic steps and higher yield. Such a strategy provided stable ligand that can bind avidly and can be conjugated to drugs for B-cell targeting or multimeric formation. The new compounds were screened for their affinity to CD22, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Compound 12 was obtained as a bioisosteric analogue and an anomerically stable imitation of 1. It was, also, screened for MAG to test for selectivity and analyzed by molecular docking and dynamic simulation to explore the potential binding modes and source of selectivity within CD22. Our results could enable the development of small molecule drug capable of modulating the activity of CD22 in autoimmune diseases and malignancies derived from B-cells.