Auger Speed Research Articles

Design and Test of Seedbed Preparation Machine before Transplanting of Rapeseed Combined Transplanter

In order to satisfy the soil preparation requirements of a rapeseed combined transplanter in the middle-lower Yangtze River region in China where rice–rapeseed rotation cropping system was performed, a seedbed preparation machine composed of a rotary tillage device, ditch cleaning shovel, and soil leveling auger was designed to realize the function of rotary tillage, stubble ploughing, ditching, and soil leveling. The seedbed preparation machine was designed as the two parts of the middle section and the left–right symmetrical section to realize the need for middle ditching. Based on the principle of active scraping and anti-blocking, the curves of the soil contact section, soil throwing section, and transition section of the ditch cleaning shovel were analyzed. The structure parameters of the soil leveling auger with end reversal structure were designed. In order to further improve the working performance of the seedbed preparation machine, the response surface tests were designed, selecting the forward speed(X1), the rotation speed of rotary tillage blade roller(X2), and the rotation speed of soil leveling auger(X3) as the main influencing factors, taking the soil breaking rate and the straw coverage rate and the soil flatness as the test indexes. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as a forward speed of 0.94 m/s, rotation speed of rotary blade roller of 268 rpm, and rotation speed of soil leveling auger of 204 rpm. Under the optimal parameters combination, the soil breaking rate, straw coverage rate, and soil flatness were 92.06%, 93.01%, and 8.35 mm respectively, which satisfied the agronomic requirements of rapeseed blanket seedling transplanting. This study can provide a reference for the design of a seedbed preparation machine of a rapeseed combined transplanter.

Ultrasonic augers for improved transport of granular materials

This paper explores the superposition of ultrasonic vibration on vertical rotating augers in a variety of granular media. Ultrasonic vibration is known to facilitate direct penetration of granular media, and it is anticipated that any related reduction in the torque requirements of a rotating system might improve augering performance. Experimental results suggest that, compared to the non-ultrasonic scenario, ultrasonically assisted augering significantly promotes the flow of granular media, while moderately reducing the torque required to operate the device. Furthermore, it was discovered that particle size, helix angle, and auger speed all affect the performance of the auger in different ways as the ultrasonic amplitude is adjusted.

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Investigation of Screw Auger Type Feed Mechanism for a Robotic Wheat Drill

Highlights An auger-type feed mechanism was designed for a robotic wheat drill, and a laboratory investigation was carried out. To avoid seed blockage, the recommended screw auger pitch must be at least 150% of the maximum seed dimension. The performance of the feed mechanism was influenced by auger speed, vibration, and slope. This study delivered a bulk feed mechanism for wheat drilling, which can be easily scaled and adopted by small autonomous vehicles or mobile robots. Abstract. Cultivating the arable, highly sloped hills and uneven terrain is challenging and unsafe with large agricultural machines. Therefore, a fleet of small autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) was proposed to farm sloped or uneven terrain. The fleets need a robotic grain drill to operate on varying slopes, and the success of the fleet depends on the performance of the robotic seeder or grain drill. The feed mechanism is the heart of the seeder, and its design and performance influence the plant population and crop yield. In this study, we designed and fabricated an auger-type feed mechanism for robotic wheat drilling. Feed mechanisms with augers having three different pitches were developed as per the ASABE standards. The developed feed mechanism was investigated in a laboratory setup for flow rate and flow uniformity in accordance with ISO standards. The predictor variables were auger type (pitch), auger rotational speed, vibration, and slope. The auger flow rate for flat slopes was a linear function of auger speed and varied from 30 g/min to 170 g/min. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the flow rate ranged from 2% to 10%. The CV was within acceptable limits, which was an excellent indicator of the bulk feed mechanism's flow uniformity. The performance of the feed mechanism was influenced by vibration and slope. However, the auger flow rate remained constant for vibration frequencies of 0, 6, and 14 Hz, suggesting that the feed mechanism was vibration-proof and could tolerate the vibration frequency up to 14 Hz. The flat, downhill (descending), and uphill (ascending) slope levels did not affect the feed mechanism performance. However, the side slopes (right and left slope) significantly affected the feed mechanism flow rate but did not affect the flow uniformity. The study also developed a feed mechanism for a sloped-ground prototype seeder, which can be easily scaled and adopted by small autonomous vehicles or mobile robots. Keywords: Flow rate, Flow uniformity, Multi-robot, Robotic seed drill, Screw auger, Seed rate.

Power Consumption Analysis and Experimental Study on the Kneading and Cutting Process of Licorice Stem in Horizontal Total Mixed Ration Mixer

Aiming at the problems of high-power consumption and insufficient kneading and cutting of roughage in the total mixed ration mixer. In this paper, licorice stems were taken as experimental objects, the horizontal twin-shaft TMR mixer was used to carry out the experimental study. It should be as brief as possible and concise. Through the kneading and cutting process power analysis, determine the influencing factors of kneading and cutting power consumption. The auger speed, processing time and blade type were taken as experimental factors, with standard straw length rate and power consumption as indicators, Box–Behnken test with three factors and three levels was carried out, analysis of variance was performed on the test results, the results show that the significant effect of each factor on the standard grass length is processing time, blade type and auger speed in descending order. The significance of the influence on power consumption from large to small is auger speed, processing time and blade type. The response surface analysis and parameter optimization were carried out, the results show that the auger speed is 20 r/min, the processing time is 29 min, and the blade type is quincunx blade. At this time, the standard straw length was 82.634%; Power consumption 4525.815 kJ, TMR mixer performance reached the best. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent research and development of TMR mixer.

Optimization of Design and Operational Parameters of a Soil-Dispensing Machine for Preparing Seedling Tray

The conventional method of soil filling into nursery trays before seeding is known to be the most inexpensive approach prior to planting vegetables. However, this activity is very labourious and time-consuming if the operation is meant for high volume seeding. This study is done to develop soil-dispensing machine, evaluate its performance and to compare with traditional practice of soil filling into the nursery tray. The optimization of each parameter is also evaluated to obtain the exact volume of soil to fill the nursery tray to the fullest. A low-cost soil dispensing machine is developed in MARDI and it is using locally materials available in the market. The structure of the machine is fabricated using mild-steel and stainless-steel at the less cost. The machine consists of a conveyor, nursery tray holder, soil dispenser, scrapper, soil compactor, wiper motors, gears, microcontroller and sensors. There are three factors with two levels involve in this test; hopper angle, conveyor speed and auger speed. The hopper angles are evaluated at 45° and 65° while conveyor speeds are tested at 19 cm/s and 21 cm/s. The minimum and maximum speed of auger selected is 3.5 cm/s and 4.5 cm/s, respectively. Manual filling of soil into seedling tray was compared with filling soil using semi-automatic operated soil-dispenser. The results indicated that the model is significant with p-value <0.0001. Conveyor speed, auger speed and hopper angle were significant on the volume of soil dispensed with both speeds shows a p-value <0.0001, while hopper angle shows p-value equal to 0.00112. The combination of both speeds greatly affected the response with p-value <0.0001. There is no interaction between each speed and the hopper angle. From the optimization analysis, the operating conveyor speed, auger speed and angle of hopper should be set at 19.0 cm/s, 4.5 cm/s and 65° to discharge 2912 cm3 soil. In order to dispense 1190 cm3 of soil, conveyor speed, auger speed and hopper angle should be set at 21 cm/s, 4.3 cm/s and 50°. The result indicated that the machine can complete the seeding and soil filling process within 1 min per tray, while manual process took five minutes to complete the whole seeding process.

Multivariate analysis for optimization and validation of the industrial tablet-manufacturing process

Objective This study aimed initially to optimize the industrial tablet-manufacturing process using multivariate analysis, and then to validate the model obtained. The study also provides a comprehensive review of the influence of different factors on relevant biopharmaceutical parameters. Significance This is the first time multivariate analysis has been applied to such a broad set of industrial data to investigate the influence of starting materials and the tablet-manufacturing processes on drug dissolution. Methods Partial least squares regression was retrospectively applied to the data obtained from 2 years production, to study the influence of 90 factors on dissolution of tablets that contained two active pharmaceutical ingredients. The model established was verified using the worst-case approach and process validation. Results Croscarmellose sodium had the most significant influence on drug dissolution, with the next significant factors as sodium chloride and sodium glycolate content, settling volume, particle size, suspension pH, loss on drying, and maximum temperature during drying. Loss on drying of microcrystalline cellulose and specific surface area of magnesium stearate were also essential factors. Among the process parameters, auger speed during roller compaction, compression speed, and force feeder speed during tablet compression had significant impacts on the tablet dissolution rate. The multivariate model created satisfied the process validation. Conclusions This multivariate analysis is a useful tool to predict and optimize critical material attributes and process parameters. The variability of the materials can be successfully compensated for using various process parameters, to ensure consistent approved drug quality, to thus provide better patient care.

Finite Element Simulation and Performance Test of Loading and Mixing Characteristics of Self-Propelled Total Mixed Ration Mixer

Simulation analysis and parameter optimization are performed for the loading and mixing devices of a self-propelled total mixed ration mixer. To reveal the three-dimensional movement of silage material under the action of the loading cutter roller, the latter is modeled using SolidWorks software. ANSYS/LS-DYNA software is used to simulate the process of silage cutting, which is modeled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics coupled with the finite element method. The cutting force and power consumption are simulated, and the behavior of the equivalent strain of the silage is determined. The results showed that silage was broken up mainly by extrusion and shear force due to the loading cutter roller. The power consumption according to the simulation is consistent with the value from an empirical formula, confirming the validity of the proposed modeling method. To study the mixing performance and obtain the optimum parameters of the mixing device, the Hertz–Mindlin model is used for the interaction between material particles and mixing device. A three-factor, five-level method is used to optimize the mixing performance. Material-mixing time, loading rate, and auger speed are chosen as experimental factors and mixed uniformity as an evaluation index. It is found that auger speed and material mixing time have significant effects on mixing uniformity. These results provide reference values allowing the analysis of the crushing of silage and selection of the optimum parameters for mixing performance.

Karakterisasi Sifat Fisikokimia Sereal Berbasis Tepung Beras Merah Pecah Kulit

The purpose of this study was to formulate cereals from red rice, red beans, and sesame into the right food as a food consumed at breakfast and characterization of its physical chemistry. The cereal was made by extrusion method using an extruder with a temperature of 130°C and a rotating speed of auger, screw, and cutter 50 Hz. This study used a completely randomized design with 9 formulas. Based on the Bayes method, the best formula was F8 with a composition of brown red rice (85%), red beans (10%), and sesame (5%) cereals contained a total phenol compound of 0.10± 0.01 mg GAE/g, water content of 7.35±0.58%, ash content of 0.02±0.00%, protein content of 10.85±0.29%, fat content of 1.77±0.08, and carbohydrate content of 80.01±0.79%. Keywords: breakfast cereal, brown rice, red beans, red rice, sesame

Experimental Study of Feed Rate Related Factors of Combine Harvester Based on Grey Correlation

In the process of harvesting, the feed rate of combine harvester could be affected by many factors, such as crop parameters, operation status parameters and working condition. The objective of this paper is to ensure the relationship of feed rate and its related factors, and the impact intensity of each factor on feed rate. Based on the grey relative analysis method, the correlation analysis of feed rate related parameters was made and the correlation degree of each related parameter on the feed rate was obtained in this paper. The feed rate related factors (e.g. operation speed, crop density and the torque and rotating speed of feeding auger, inclined conveyor and threshing cylinder et. al) was obtained from the multi-information collection system for grain combine harvester. Then, the correlation degree of feed rate related factors was calculated based on grey correlation by assign to correlation weight and time delay compensation. Experimental study result showed that the correlation degrees of operation speed and the torque of threshing cylinder with the feed rate of combine harvester are the highest. The correlation coefficient of operation speed and the torque of threshing cylinder on feed rate were respectively 0.8396 and 0.7915. Compared to other factors, the changes of operation speed and the torque of threshing cylinder could better reflect the tendency of the feed rate. This paper provides a theoretical support for feed rate detection and the fundamental basis for operational control of combine harvester.

Microwave pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge in a continuously operated auger reactor

Textile dyeing sludge (DS) was pyrolysed using an auger pyrolyser under microwave irradiation. It showed the non-condensable gas yield was increased as reactor temperature increased and the char yield decreased with temperature. The condensate and oil yields reached maximum at 650°C (i.e. 12.86wt% and 0.84wt%, respectively). The content of C, H and N in DS and sludge char (SC) decreased with temperature while S increased. The SC and sorbents (e.g. CaO) showed positive effects on sulfur retention. The maximum BET surface area of 91.9m2/g was observed for SC at 550°C. Addition of catalysts such as CaO and Fe decreased pyrolysis oil yield and increased the H2 yield. Oxygenates were mainly formed at 450–650°C. The relative content of aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil increased as temperature increased, up to 88.38% (GC–MS area) at 750°C. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing nitrogen accounted for 20%–58% of the pyrolysis oil. The H2 content increased from 25.39vol% without catalyst to 64.17vol% with addition of 30wt% CaO. As concentration in DS and SC was beyond the control standards for forestland use in China and should be further treated and disposed. The electricity consumption for pyrolysing DS of 60wt% water content were 0.76–2.59kWh/kg wet DS in the temperature range of 450–750°C and auger speed range of 1–9rpm. Higher pyrolysis temperature and lower auger speeds increased electricity consumptions.

Microwave pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge in a continuously operated auger reactor: Condensates and non-condensable gases

This paper investigated an auger pyrolyser under microwave irradiation using textile dyeing sludge (DS) as the feedstock. Microwave power, temperature, auger speed, gas velocity and addition of catalysts were studied. In terms of ICP-MS, Cu and As concentrations in condensates, depending on pyrolysis temperatures, exceeded the wastewater discharge standard in China. The condensate and oil yields reached maximum (i.e. 12.86 wt% and 0.84 wt%, respectively) at 650 °C. The content of aromatic compounds in the oil increased as temperature increased, up to 88.38% (GC-MS area) at 750 °C. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing nitrogen accounted for 20%–58% of the pyrolysis oil. Addition of catalysts such as CaO and Fe decreased pyrolysis oil yield and increased the content of H2. The H2 content increased from 25.39v% without catalyst to 64.17v% with addition of 30 wt% CaO. The electricity consumption was 0.80–2.64 kWh/kg wet sludge from 450 to 750 °C and auger speed range of 1–9 rpm. Higher auger speeds and lower temperatures led to lower electricity consumption.

New techniques

Feeding systems need to be monitored and evaluated just like milking systems. A TMR Audit® is a systematic approach designed to evaluate the feeding program. The objectives are to look for ways to minimize variation between the formulated and consumed ration, minimize shrink, and to improve the efficiency of the feeding system. Areas evaluated include silage and feedstuff management, TMR load preparation, TMR consistency within and between loads, and feedbunk management. Management procedures should be in place to minimize top spoilage of silage stored in bunker silos and with other feedstuffs, and feeding personnel should be trained that spoiled feed needs to be discarded, not fed. Due to variation in DM and nutrient content across the face of the silo and across bales of hay or balage, it is best to premix an individual forage prior to using that forage in preparing a load of TMR. The Penn State Particle Separator can be used to evaluate TMR consistency. We have identified 10 primary factors that can lead to variation within and between loads of TMR. These factors include the following: worn equipment, mixing time, load size, levelness of mixer during mixing, loading position on the mixer box, hay or straw quality and processing, loading sequence, liquid distribution, vertical mixer auger speeds, and hay restrictor plate settings in vertical mixers. Feed efficiency can be improved by feeding multiple times per day as opposed to once daily. Feed push-ups need to be done frequently enough to ensure easy access to feed along the entire feed bunk. TMR Audits can help to improve performance and health on the dairy.

Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Parameters of a Roasting Machine Using Maize (Zea mays L.)

A roasting machine performance was evaluated with the objective of investigating the optimal conditions of the factors (speed: 6.6, 12.8, 19, 24 and 30 rpm; temperature: 70, 100 and 150 o C and moisture content: 20, 15.8 and 9.5%) that would best yield quality evaluation parameters (roasting capacity, RC; roasting efficiency, RE; conveyance efficiency, CE and quality efficiency, QE). The following instruments, infrared thermometer (digital type), thermocouple, tachometer, weighing balance, grain moisture meter and stop watch were used for temperature, speed, mass, moisture content and time respectively. Surface response methodology was used to study the relationship between the factors and the evaluation parameters. This was achieved by holding constant, conveyor speed, set temperature or moisture content of the maize. The results show that the set temperature, auger speed and moisture content of maize were all significantly influenced all the evaluation parameters. Increasing the auger speed and set temperature will yield a significant increase in the roasting efficiency and roasting capacity. From the study, it was observed that the optimal conditions required to achieve the optimum roasting efficiency were auger speed of 35 rpm and set temperature of 155 o C. These conditions give the best roasting efficiency with coefficient of determination of R 2 equals 79%.

Multi-parameter integrated experimental analysis of wall compaction effect on Semi-automatic plastering machine

Semi-automatic wall plastering machine can effectively reduce the labor intensity of workers, increase operational efficiency in the construction process. A problem is solved how to select its work parameters. In order to obtain the best working conditions of a certain wall plastering machine, this paper has studied hydrostatic compaction process of the wall plastering machine. According to “Standard of the Architectural Decoration Project Quality Approval” in China, mortar compaction effects in cases of different plastering speed, rotation speed of the screw auger, and mortar consistency have been obtained by experiments. Using static-pressure method for wall plastering, experimental results showed that the best plastering speed, screw auger rotation speed and mortar consistency is in the range of 17~18.2cm/s, 55~65r/min and 78~86mm.

Design, fabrication and testing of a cassava pelletizer

This paper reports on the design of fabrication and testing of a machine for cottage level production of pellets from cassava mash. The pelletizer consists of a barreled screw auger which compresses cassava mash against perforated end plate, through which the pellets are pelletized. The result derived from the calculated design parameters (shaft diameter, tensile stress, torque, screw length, volumetric capacity mass flow rate and power rating) were used for the fabrication. The testing of the pelletizer was determined in terms of throughput of the machine, against the moisture content of the mash (18, 20 and 22% w.b.), die size (4, 6 and 8 mm) and the auger speed (90, 100 and 120 rpm). Test results showed that the pellets with the best quality attributes were obtained from cassava mash at 18% moisture content (w.b.) through the 4 mm die at 90 rpm and a maximum throughput of 54 kg/h.

A SIMPLE MACHINE FOR PRODUCING FISH SILAGE

This work was divided into three process (Mincing fish, ensilaging minced material and making pellets containing ensilage minced material) respectively. In the first process the fish was minced at auger speed about 1.1 m/s and 4 mm die diameter to a material with bulk density of about 0.96 g/cm3. In the second process fish silage was prepared by mixing minced the fish with sufficient formic acid (3.5% by weight of 85% formic acid) to lower pH, and bacterial putrefaction was avoided, thus allowing the silage to be stored for several months. In the third process the evaluation was carried out on the machine using four different levels of material moisture content about (9.1, 12.6, 15.7 and 18.2% wet basis), four different die diameters [3, 4, 6 and 8 mm] and three levels of auger speeds [1.1, 1.7, and 2.3 m/s]. It was observed that the maximum value of pelletizing efficiency (ηp.),% were 87% which was achieved at moisture content (12.6%) , auger speed (2.3 m/s) and die diameter (3 mm). Minimum value of Broken pellets (Bp) was 6.5% achieved at moisture content (12.6%), auger speed (2.3 m/s) and die diameter (3 mm). Maximum Pellating capacity (P), kg/h was 11.3 kg/h achieved at moisture content (18.2%), auger speed (2.3 m/s) and die diameter (8 mm).

A SIMPLE MACHINE FOR PRODUCING FISH SILAGE

This work was divided into three process (Mincing fish, ensilaging minced material and making pellets containing ensilage minced material), respectively. In the first process the fish was minced at auger speed about 1.1 m/s and 4 mm die diameter to a material with bulk density of about 0.96 g/cm3. In the second process fish silage was prepared by mixing minced the fish with sufficient formic acid (3.5% by weight of 85% formic acid) to lower pH, and bacterial putrefaction was avoided, thus allowing the silage to be stored for several months. In the third process the evaluation was carried out on the machine using four different levels of material moisture content about (9.1, 12.6, 15.7 and 18.2% wet basis); four different die diameters [3, 4, 6 and 8 mm] and three levels of auger speeds [1.1, 1.7, and 2.3 m/s]. It was observed that the maximum value of pelletizing efficiency (ηp.),% were 87% which was achieved at moisture content (12.6%) ; auger speed (2.3 m/s) and die diameter (3 mm). Minimum value of Broken pellets (Bp) was 6.5% achieved at moisture content (12.6%); auger speed (2.3 m/s) and die diameter (3 mm). Maximum Pellating capacity (P), kg/h was 11.3 kg/h achieved at moisture content (18.2%); auger speed (2.3 m/s) and die diameter (8 mm).

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A LOW-DENSITY BIOMASS FEEDING SYSTEM FOR FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIERS

For efficient operation of a biomass gasifier, the biomass material must be fed continuously to the system. A feeding system for chopped straw and rice husk was designed, constructed and evaluated. It consisted of: a frame, a hopper, an auger, two agitators, a drive system and a power unit. Initial testing showed that wheat straw and rice husk, being highly cohesive materials, created tunnel flow and piping conditions. This occurs when the pressure above an impending dome of material is too small resulting in the creation of a stable dome and blockage of the discharge. In order to achieve good flow conditions, it was concluded that the hopper must operate under "mass outflow" and the material should not be allowed to build up along the flow channels. These objectives were achieved by the proper redesign of the hopper configuration, the installation of agitators in the hopper and use of an auger in the outlet duct leading into the gasifier. However, as the augur was used to move the biomass material from hopper to the gasifier, it was observed that hot gases leaked from the gasifier into the hopper and heat was also transmitted from the gasifier to the hopper though the augur shaft by conduction resulting in burning of biomass material in the hopper. Therefore, the augur shaft was fitted with copper tubing to serve as a water cooling system and the tapered section of the augur was fitted with a stainless steel section with water inlet and outlet to serve as a secondary cooling system. After, the system has been successfully modified for feeding wheat straw and rice husk, it was tested to determine the optimum operating conditions. Mass flow tests were performed with four sprocket combinations and four auger speeds. Increasing the auger speed and/or the lower agitator speed increased the straw output of the feeding system. However, increases in the upper agitator speed resulted in reduced mass flow of the material due to the mixing effect created by the upper agitator which reduced the down movement of the straw toward the auger housing. The sprocket B combination (30 tooth sprocket on the lower agitator shaft and a 50 tooth sprocket on the upper agitator shaft with a lower agitator speed of 1/3 auger speed and an upper agitator speed of 1/15 auger speed) gave the greatest straw output. The feed rate at this combination ranged from 0.74 to 6.76 kg/minute (12.58 to 114.92 GJ/minute). By adjusting the dial controller, the output could be easily matched with the gasifier’s required straw input.

사각형 강관을 이용한 비개착 시공에 따른 지반거동의 분석: 모래지반에 대한 모형 토조실험

This study aims to experimentally investigate ground settlement and ground movement around the square pipe by its penetration in sandy ground. A series of laboratory model tests were carried out with a small-scale auger equipment for penetration of a square pipe as well as a newly designed test box with a sand raining equipment. From the experiments, it is shown that a square pipe induces ground movement evenly around it in a low overburden condition. However, as the overburden becomes higher, ground movement by a square pipe is concentrated mainly above it. Especially, horizontal strain above the square pipe was mainly dominated by its penetration. In addition, sand surface movement is the smallest in case of the dimensionless penetration rate equal to 0.2. When its penetration rate of the square pipe is fixed, the rotation speed of auger controls surface movement whether it is settlement or heaving. Therefore, the selection of an optimal dimensionless rate for the square pipe is a key design factor to minimize ground settlement in a trenchless construction.

INVESTIGATION OF SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE HOLE DIGGER PERFORMANCE IN THE SANDY SOIL

The aim of this research is to study some factors affecting the hole diggerperformance in the sandy soil. The experiments were conducted in El-Kasasin Research Station in El-Sharkia Governorate. Auger diameters (250 mm) of the developed hole-digger were tested at different auger–speeds (75, 100 and 150 rpm), auger pitches (10, 15 and 20 cm), hole–depths ( 20, 30 and 40 cm), hole–spacing (5 m) and soil type (sandy) with moisture contents of 15, 22 and 32 % . The obtained results can be summarized as follow: The maximum hole productivity rate for sandy soil was 335 hole/h obtained with auger speed of 150 rpm, hole depth 20 cm, auger pitch 20 cm at moisture content 32 %. The penetration resistance of sandy soil at 15 % moisture content increased by 30 and 40.6 % as compared with of sandy soil at moisture content 22 % and 32 %, respectively. The maximum fuel consumption was 0.59 L/h was obtained with auger speed of 150 rpm, hole depth 40 cm, and auger pitch 10 cm. The maximum power requirements 1.91 kW was obtained with auger speed of 150 rpm, hole depth 40 cm, auger pitch 10 cm and moisture content 15 %. The minimum operation cost was 0.04 L.E/hole at auger pitch 15 cm and hole depth 20 cm. Whereas, the maximum operation cost was 0.14 L.E./hole at auger pitch 10 cm and hole depth 40 cm. The operational cost using a hole digger attached to a power tiller decreased by 371 % compared with manual digging.