Audit Institutions Research Articles

Defining Optimal Nodal Dose for Stage IIIC Cervical Cancer: An Institutional Audit of Patients Treated with Simultaneous Integrated Nodal Boost

ObjectiveTo assess radiation dose-response relationship for individual lymph nodes in patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer who are treated with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB).MethodsThis is a retrospective study in which patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer treated with (chemo)radiation who received simultaneous integrated nodal boost (SIB) and brachytherapy were evaluated with the primary aim of determining in-field nodal control. Secondary aims included estimation of local control (LC), disease free survival (DFS) and adverse events. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis was performed for factors impacting nodal control, LC and DFS.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-one (151) nodes in 65 patients were included. The median number of lymph nodes and nodal volume was 2 (1–6) and 3.4 cc (1.8–6.8 cc) respectively. Median SIB dose was 55Gy/25# (53.7–55.0 Gy). At a median follow-up of 43 months the in-field nodal control was 99.3% (1/151). The 5-year LC, DFS and regional nodal control was 88.7, 66 and 85.6% respectively. The 5-year DFS for FIGO stage IIIC1 was 67.7% versus 43.5% for stage IIIC2 (p = 0.03) and lymph node volume >3cc was associated with reduced 5-year DFS (80.8% vs. 55%, p = 0.03) on univariate analysis. No factor was statistically significant on multivariate analysis. A vast majority of lymph node recurrences were observed in elective nodal regions outside the true pelvis that received lower contribution from brachytherapy.ConclusionNodal SIB doses of up to 55Gy/25#/ 5 weeks administered during chemoradiation are associated with 99.3% 5-year infield nodal control. A vast majority of nodal recurrences were observed in elective volumes that received a lower contribution from brachytherapy.

The Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanism on the Integrity of Financial Statements in Manufacturing Companies in the IDX

This study aims to evaluate whether the mechanism of corporate governance, which involves institutional ownership, management ownership, independent commissioners and audit committee variables, has a significant impact on the integrity of the financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2022. The sampling method uses techniques of non-probability sampling with approach purposive sampling. Based on the research results, it shows that 1) Institutional Ownership has a positive and significant effect on the integrity of financial reports. 2) Managerial ownership has no effect on the integrity of financial reports. 3) Independent Commissioners have a positive and significant influence on the integrity of financial reports. 4) The audit committee has a positive and significant effect on the integrity of financial reports. It is hoped that this research can provide additional strength to integrity in the presentation of financial reports, so that it can support the company's survival.

An Examination of Performance Audit Principles in Public Sector Audit: An Interpretive Study in Bangladesh

This paper aims to assess the principles of performance auditing (PA) in the public sector of Bangladesh. The PA is conducted by the supreme audit institution of the country, the Comptroller and Auditor General (OCAG). To attain the objective this study analyses all the performance auditing (PA) reports published by the OCAG. There are 19 published PA reports. The PA report has been classified into several principles, including the 3Es as suggested by the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI). The level of compliance has been integrated into the classification scheme of the PA reports. The contents analysis demonstrates that Effectiveness has been addressed in the highest number of reports whereas Efficiency has not been addressed in any reports. The extended classifications (beyond 3Es) have been reflected in the PA reports rarely. In addition, compliance issues have been presented weakly in the reports. The findings have been analyzed in line with the contemporary studies in public sector auditing. Public sector auditing has been studied merely in developing countries. This study will contribute to this aspect. Moreover, the future potential research avenue has been explored in this study. The limitation of this study is confined in the number of reports which is 19. Therefore, these limited available data and the uniqueness of the developing country defy the generalization of the findings but can contribute to the PA research in developing countries.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a retrospective pathway assessment in a regional cancer centre.

The optimal care pathway (OCP) for people with breast cancer provides a framework for investigation and management of patients with breast cancer, with delays previously identified regionally. With emphasis on the neoadjuvant pathway, the primary aim of this study was to assess the practicality of implementing the breast cancer OCP timeframes regionally in comparison to nationally referenced standards. A retrospective institutional audit was performed for patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. The time from referral to specialist review, completion of investigations, discussion at multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings, initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and surgery were calculated and compared to OCP. Fifty-three patients were included, with 19 patients living rurally (36%). Twenty-four patients (45%) were seen by a specialist surgeon within 2 weeks of referral. Following surgical review, 44 patients (83%) completed investigations within 2 weeks, and 43 patient cases (81%) were discussed at MDT meetings within 2 weeks. Forty-eight patients (91%) were commenced on neoadjuvant treatment within 4 weeks of decision to treat, and 43 patients (81%) underwent surgery within 6 weeks of neoadjuvant treatment completion. Delays from initial referral to NACT were more frequent in rural patients compared to urban (79% vs 94%, P < 0.05). Adherence to OCP timeframes for patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy in a regional centre was feasible and strategies are needed to bridge gaps identified for rural patients.

Enhancing Accountability in Public Resources: Legal Protection of Supreme Audit Institution Heads in Africa – A Study of Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Sierra Leone, and Gambia

Enhancing Accountability in Public Resources: Legal Protection of Supreme Audit Institution Heads in Africa – A Study of Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Sierra Leone, and Gambia

Determinant of Earnings Management Pre and Post PSAK 109 in Indonesian Banks

This study aims to determine the differences in Earnings Management and the effect of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committee Competencies, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Nonperforming Loan (NPL) on Earnings Management proxied by Discretionary Loan Loss Provision (DLLP) pre and post-PSAK 109 implementation in Indonesian bank listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to test the hypothesis. The study used the period pre and post implementation of PSAK 109. We traced each bank's financial report listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2020 to anticipate early implementation. Using purposive sampling, we obtained 40 pre-PSAK 109 and 40 post-PSAK 109 bank samples. This study found no difference in earnings management pre and post-PSAK 109. Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, and Audit Committee Competencies do not affect Earnings Management pre and post-PSAK 109. NPL is positively related to Earnings Management pre and post-PSAK 109, and CAR is positively related to Earnings Management pre-PSAK 109 but has no effect on Earnings Management post-PSAK 109. This study provides additional information for standard setters and OJK regarding monitoring earnings management practices in banking pre and post-PSAK 109.

INCREASING THE HUMAN RESOURCES POTENTIAL OF STATE AUDIT BODIES AS A BASIS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AUDIT MECHANISM

Recent economic and financial scandals worldwide, the growth of the shadow economy, the increase in funds concealed from the budget, the rise of corruption, and insufficient adherence to financial discipline create very serious problems. The development of an audit system that creates a transparent and comprehensive informational environment for the government and the public, and plays a key role in economic regulation, is aimed at addressing these serious issues and improving the economic and managerial environment. The purpose of the paper is to explore how increasing the human resources potential of state audit bodies serves as a basis for improving the efficiency audit mechanism. The improvement of the functioning of the state audit system and the enhancement of the knowledge and expertise of personnel and specialists working in this field are based on the critical need to assess and refine the existing system. At the current stage of development, improving the mechanisms of state audit and financial control, as well as monitoring the effective use of budget expenditures, has become a priority. In this context, the concept of state budget policy has undergone changes and is now focused on results-based management. To achieve these goals, new approaches to assessing economic efficiency are being developed, with the improvement of the efficiency audit mechanism being the main focus. The development of auditing institutions plays an important role in accelerating the country's socio-economic development. As a result of these institutions' activities, it becomes possible to identify new financial and economic resources necessary for economic growth. Increasing transparency in society and strengthening financial discipline in economic activities are also closely linked to the work of these institutions. The paper examines the issues of enhancing the knowledge and experience of personnel and specialists, who play a key role in the development of the audit institute.

An examination of Pacific nations’ legislatures’ interactions with Supreme Audit Institutions and the impact on audit quality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report a study of public accountability within the political and economic structures that characterise Pacific nations. The authors examine audit quality with respect to Pacific Island nations’ governmental reporting to investigate ways to improve accountability in a region that is economically and environmentally challenged. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine whether audit quality in Pacific Island nations is associated with the practical arrangements of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs), taking into account external factors. The “practical arrangements” include the independence of a SAI (regarding its staffing and funding) and also the requirement for it to report to the Executive. The financial setting in each jurisdiction has been seen to impact the quality of financial reporting and auditing. The authors examine mediating factors such as income, political stability and education that may also impact audit quality. This study uses publicly available databases as well as jurisdictional annual reports and the associated audit opinions and management letters (where available). Jurisdictional reports on public financial management were also analysed. Findings The authors find that public sector audit quality is low in many Pacific countries, concluding that public accountability is impaired. While the authors recommend changes to the practical arrangements that can improve audit quality, the mediating factors also impact audit quality. They argue that a renewed focus on financial capability could enhance public accountability in these nations, but there are limiting factors that are difficult to overcome. Practical implications There are problems in providing accountability for public sector activities in Pacific nations. The authors suggest that improvements to the appointment and funding of SAIs to enhance their independence will help to reduce these issues. Originality/value The authors present a framework for analysing SAIs’ practical arrangements and audit quality that includes variables that may mediate the effects of these practical arrangements. They apply the model to 20 Pacific jurisdictions, showing that the practical arrangements of a SAI directly impact audit quality. Nevertheless, there are instances where audit quality is poor despite good practical arrangements, implying that mediating factors also play a substantial role in determining audit quality of a SAI.

Socioeconomic Deprivation Correlates With Incomplete Radiotherapy Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer

There is a high burden of socioeconomic deprivation across Merseyside and, along with this, poorer cancer outcomes. The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) within this region is higher than the national average and there are often additional complexities to individual treatment pathways such as poor health literacy, lack of social support and transport options which can impact on adherence to prescribed treatments. AimsThis work aims to understand the impact of deprivation on patients diagnosed with HNSCC undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT) treatment by identifying barriers to adherence. Materials and methodsPatients with HNSCC treated between June 2022 and June 2023 were included and data was collected through retrospective case note review. Approval was obtained from relevant NHS institution audit departments. Key examined variables were indices of multiple deprivation (IMD), unplanned admission rate, hospital transport use, social support network and provision of additional ad hoc appointments during treatment courses. All were correlated with missed radiotherapy appointments. ResultsOut of 359 evaluable patients there were high levels of unplanned appointments with health professionals during CRT/RT (71% of those receiving CRT and 55% of those having RT). 11% (n = 39) missed at least one radiotherapy appointment with the commonest reason being unplanned admission to hospital. Despite missed appointments, 25/39 patients completed treatment within prescribed window due to effective RT compensation strategies. On multivariate analysis, unplanned admission, hospital-provided transport and crime deprivation quintiles (p=<0.001, p = 0.007 and p = 0.027, respectively) were found to significantly increase the chance of missed radiotherapy treatment appointments. ConclusionHigh levels of unplanned encounters with health care professionals are encouraging adherence to non-surgical HNSCC treatments. Formalising these ad hoc appointments will provide an equitable, robust service. Undertaking hospital transport increases the potential for missed treatment appointments. Gaining insight into patient experiences and investing in improved transport services are essential for maximising adherence.

The Impact of Green Intellectual Capital on Audit Quality

ABSTRACTThe current research investigates the impact of green intellectual capital (GIC) and its components on audit quality. In other words, the current study seeks to find whether the entrepreneur's GIC can affect the audit quality. The research method is applied based on the objective and descriptive survey based on the method. The statistical population of the research includes all auditors working in audit institutions in Iraq; 299 participants were selected as the sample size using Cochran's sampling method. This paper used PLS tests to investigate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results show a positive and significant relationship between the GIC and its three components, including green human capital (GHC), green structural capital (GSC), green relational capital (GRC) and audit quality. Moreover, the findings suggest that among the triple‐employed components of GIC, the GSC plays a paramount role in improving audit quality. So far, no research has investigated the impact of GIC and its triple components on audit quality in Iraq. The results can provide valuable information to managers, auditors, and policymakers and contribute to developing science and knowledge in this area.

External Audit Quality and its Factors in Palestinian Municipalities: Moderating Effect of Supreme Audit Institutions

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the relationship between external audit quality and its factors (i.e., auditor characteristics, audit firm attributes, and effectiveness of municipal internal control), as well as the moderation effect of supreme audit institutions between external audit quality and its selected factors, as perceived by accountants and internal auditors in Palestinian municipalities. Methods: To achieve the objectives, questionnaires were distributed to 309 accountants and internal auditors in 155 Palestinian municipalities. They have firsthand knowledge of the financial statements under audit and are in constant communication with external auditors. Smart PLS 3 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results revealed that the direct relationships between audit quality, auditor characteristics, and effectiveness of municipal internal control were positive. These relationships were also positively moderated by supreme audit institutions. The relationship between audit quality and audit firm attributes was also positive, but it was negatively moderated by supreme audit institutions. Conclusion: Audit firms, audit profession regulators, and municipality administrators can use these findings as useful guidelines in determining the factors of audit quality required in municipal audit engagements. This study encourages future research to examine other moderators, such as politics and public elections.

Effect of Institutional Ownership and Audit Committee to Underpricing in Indonesian Stock Exchange

Underpricing is a phenomenon that remains unresolved. Between 2015 and 2022, 83 percent of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) experienced underpricing. Information asymmetry is often cited as the primary reason for underpricing during the Initial Public Offering (IPO) process. The audit committee and institutional ownership are crucial indicators in reducing information asymmetry between issuers, underwriters, and investors. This study aims to examine the consistency of the application of the audit committee and institutional ownership in influencing underpricing, using a sample of 304 companies that experienced underpricing between 2015 and 2022.

LITERATUR REVIEW: SUATU TINJAUAN FUNGSI AUDIT INTERNAL TERHADAP TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN

Along with increasingly rapid economic development, the role of internal audit in companies is becoming increasingly important, especially for corporate governance. The trend of globalization is intensifying, and trade between countries is increasingly dense. This brings economic benefits to the company while increasing risks. In order to survive and thrive, companies must face more challenges. On the one hand, enterprises should increase investment in internal governance management, and establish institutions such as shareholder meetings, boards of directors, manager levels and supervisory boards, and gradually standardize corporate governance structures. On the other hand, strengthening the company's internal audit can not only improve the company's operational conditions, but also discover problems within the company in a timely manner and control them effectively. However, compared to other developed countries in Indonesia, the internal audit system was established too late, so these units have different experiences in learning from abroad, thus causing many problems in establishing internal audit institutions in Indonesia, and many companies do not do so. pay attention to internal audits. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the relationship between the internal audit function and corporate governance in companies.

New development: Assurance on public sector sustainability reporting—time to be proactive

IMPACT This article highlights the relevance of assurance of sustainability reporting (SR) in the public sector, discussing who can develop the assurance process and what standards can be used for this purpose. It provides a contribution in an original and new area that will be of interest to standard setters, supreme audit institutions, practitioners and scholars in the field of public sector accounting and auditing. The article contributes to the creation of a legitimate space for SR for public sector entities.

Digital transformation in public sector auditing: between hope and fear

ABSTRACT This paper explores the imaginaries of public sector auditors on public value creation due to digital transformation (DT). The study is based on the case of the Supreme Audit Institution (SAI) in Norway – the Office of the Auditor General (OAG). We find diverging imaginaries regarding the potential impact of DT on creating public value through enhancing public accountability that represent the gap between technological hopes and human fears regarding DT for public value creation. This gap highlights the need to properly explore the downsides of DT in the theory and practice of public sector auditing.

Exploring the Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Corporate Governance and Firm Value

This study investigates the impact of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and audit committees on firm value, with corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure serving as a moderating variable. Focusing on LQ-45 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2022, the research utilizes a sample of 35 firms with 112 firm-year observations. Data were analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings reveal that institutional ownership and audit committee presence significantly affect firm value. CSR disclosure strengthens the relationship between institutional ownership and firm value, suggesting that firms with higher CSR engagement see a greater impact of institutional ownership on their value. Conversely, CSR disclosure weakens the effect of managerial ownership on firm value, indicating that increased CSR activities might diminish the influence of managerial ownership. Additionally, CSR does not enhance the relationship between audit committee presence and firm value. This research highlights the nuanced role of CSR in moderating governance mechanisms and their impact on firm value, offering insights for policymakers and investors in emerging markets.

Financial management audits for school quality improvement in Indonesia: A comprehensive literature review

The purpose of this study is to examine financial management audits of educational institutions to improve the quality of schools in Indonesia. This literature review involves several key steps: identifying and narrowing the research topic; searching for relevant literature sources including books, articles, journals, and other documents; reading and understanding the contents of these sources; compiling and analysing the collected data; and finally, drawing conclusions from the research. This study's findings underscore the critical importance of financial audits for educational institutions in ensuring compliance with laws and regulations, enhancing transparency and accountability, boosting the efficiency and effectiveness of financial management, preventing fraud, and securing the sustainability of these institutions. Financial audits serve a crucial role in the improvement of educational quality in Indonesia by fostering accountability and transparency in budget usage. Regular audits require institutions to meticulously account for financial transactions, mitigate the risk of fund misuse, and promote effective fund allocation. This suggests that bolstering financial audit practices in Indonesian educational institutions can significantly elevate educational standards.

The Mandatory Audit Institution and Its Place in the Financial Law System

The Mandatory Audit Institution and Its Place in the Financial Law System

Corporate Governance Couture: Tailoring Financial Performance in the Indonesian Textile and Garment Sector

This research aims to determine the impact of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent commissioners, audit committees, and firm size on the financial performance of textile and garment industry sub-sector companies within the period of 2016 to 2021. By adopting an explanatory research approach, the study focuses on a population of textile and garment sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, a total of 21 companies, selected through purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed as the analytical method. The findings indicate that institutional and managerial ownership does not significantly impact the financial performance of the examined companies. However, independent commissioners, active audit committees, and firm size significantly influence financial performance, supporting the critical role of these corporate governance mechanisms and firm characteristics in shaping financial outcomes within the Indonesian textile and garment sector. The study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, firm characteristics, and financial performance. Future research should consider expanding the sample size and exploring other variables influencing financial performance in the textile and garment industry. Furthermore, investigating the mediating or moderating effects of other contextual factors or industry-specific characteristics could provide deeper insights into the observed relationships. Keywords: audit committee, firm size, good corporate governance, independent commissioner, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, ROE

TURKISH COURT OF ACCOUNTS: ANALYZING FINANCIAL AUDIT, DIGITALIZATION, AI IMPACT

Countries’ audit institutions play a critical role in financial management and accountability. These institutions perform tasks such as financial accountability, detection of corruption and errors, evaluation of government performance, accountable public administration, transparency and legal oversight, and prevention of legal violations, contributing to public trust. The Court of Accounts Presidency is the supreme audit institution of the Republic of Türkiye. This study sequentially addresses the audit process and procedure of the Court of Accounts, the impact of digitization, information technologies, and artificial intelligence on the audit process. Additionally, an evaluation of the institution’s technology and information infrastructure is conducted. A detailed assessment is presented regarding the Court of Accounts’ use of the Court of Accounts Data Analysis System (VERA), Unified Data Transfer System (BVAS), and Audit Management Program (SayCap). The institution’s technology and information infrastructure related to big data and big data analytics are evaluated based on the institution’s reports and documents. Finally, evaluating the potential integration of artificial intelligence into these systems is considered highly beneficial. For human resources in the field to be more proficient in current technologies, implementing artificial intelligence, big data, and big data analytics in the audit domain of public institutions is seen as highly advantageous. Additionally, it is strongly recommended that educational institutions training audit professionals incorporate courses on data analytics, big data, big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence into their curricula.