Audiovisual Files Research Articles

Controlling chaotic vocal fold oscillations in the numerical production of vowel sounds

Lumped mass models have been studied in depth to unveil the complex nonlinear physics of phonation. Even in the case of simple symmetric models, slight changes in muscle restoring forces or excessive subglottal pressure can cause abnormal or even chaotic vocal fold oscillations. In a recent work, it was shown that it was possible to device a theoretical pacemaker for phonation that could render the chaotic motion regular again. This consisted of attaching an additional mass–spring–damper system to the vocal fold model, the damping of which could be adjusted according to an altering energy chaos control strategy. The chaos of phonation is low-dimensional and one may wonder whether it has a profound effect in voice production and, if so, whether the proposed phonation pacemaker could compensate for it. For this purpose, we compute the time evolution of the glottal volume velocity generated by normal, chaotic and controlled oscillations of the vocal folds and convolve it with the impulse response of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) geometries of the human vocal tract, corresponding to the vowels /ɑ/, /i/ and /u/. The impulse response for each vowel is obtained from the solution of the wave equation by the finite element method, when a Gaussian pulse is prescribed as a boundary condition in the glottis of the vocal tract. It will be demonstrated that the chaotic vibration of the vocal folds severely distorts the vowel sounds and that the proposed control strategy is able to recover with high quality the vowels produced in normal phonation. Audiovisual files are provided to support the objective results of the phenomena in terms of spectral and time analysis of the train of glottal pulses generated by the vocal folds and the produced vowel sounds.

Interprofessional staff perspectives on the adoption of or black box technology and simulations to improve patient safety: a multi-methods survey

IntroductionMedical errors still plague healthcare. Operating Room Black Box (ORBB) and ORBB-simulation (ORBBSIM) are innovative emerging technologies which continuously capture as well as categorize intraoperative data, team information, and audio-visual files, in effort to improve objective quality measures. ORBB and ORBBSIM have an opportunity to improve patient safety, yet a paucity of implementation literature exists. Overcoming implementation barriers is critical. This study sought to obtain rich insights while identifying facilitators and barriers to adoption of ORBB and ORBBSIM in alignment with Donabedian’s model of health services and healthcare quality. Enrichment themes included translational performance improvement and real-world examples to develop sessions.MethodsInterprofessional OR staff were invited to complete two surveys assessing staff’s perceptions using TeamSTEPPS’s validated Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ) and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative variables, and inductive phenomenological content analysis was used for qualitative.ResultsSurvey 1 captured 71 responses from 334 invited (RR 21%) while survey 2 captured 47 responses from 157 (RR 29.9%). The T-TPQ score was 65.2, with Communication (70.4) the highest construct and Leadership (58.0) the lowest. Quality Improvement (QI), Patient Safety, and Objective Case Review were the most common perceived ORBB benefits. Trends suggested a reciprocal benefit of dual ORBB and ORBBSIM adoption. Trends also suggested that dual implementation can promote Psychological Safety, culture, trust, and technology comfort. The need for an implementation plan built on change management principles and a constructive culture were key findings.ConclusionsFindings supported ORBB implementation themes from previous literature and deepened our understanding through the exploration of team culture. This blueprint provides a model to help organizations adopt ORBB and ORBBSIM. Outcomes can establish an empirical paradigm for future studies.

Cluster Analysis of Open Research Data: A Case for Replication Metadata

Research data are often released upon journal publication to enable result verification and reproducibility. For that reason, research dissemination infrastructures typically support diverse datasets coming from numerous disciplines, from tabular data and program code to audio-visual files. Metadata, or data about data, is critical to making research outputs adequately documented and FAIR. Aiming to contribute to the discussions on the development of metadata for research outputs, I conducted an exploratory analysis to determine how research datasets cluster based on what researchers organically deposit together. I use the content of over 40,000 datasets from the Harvard Dataverse research data repository as my sample for the cluster analysis. I find that the majority of the clusters are formed by single-type datasets, while in the rest of the sample, no meaningful clusters can be identified. For the result interpretation, I use the metadata standard employed by DataCite, a leading organization for documenting a scholarly record, and map existing resource types to my results. About 65% of the sample can be described with a single-type metadata (such as Dataset, Software orReport), while the rest would require aggregate metadata types. Though DataCite supports an aggregate type such as a Collection, I argue that a significant number of datasets, in particular those containing both data and code files (about 20% of the sample), would be more accurately described as a Replication resource metadata type. Such resource type would be particularly useful in facilitating research reproducibility.

Multimodal Diarization Systems by Training Enrollment Models as Identity Representations

This paper describes a post-evaluation analysis of the system developed by ViVoLAB research group for the IberSPEECH-RTVE 2020 Multimodal Diarization (MD) Challenge. This challenge focuses on the study of multimodal systems for the diarization of audiovisual files and the assignment of an identity to each segment where a person is detected. In this work, we implemented two different subsystems to address this task using the audio and the video from audiovisual files separately. To develop our subsystems, we used the state-of-the-art speaker and face verification embeddings extracted from publicly available deep neural networks (DNN). Different clustering techniques were also employed in combination with the tracking and identity assignment process. Furthermore, we included a novel back-end approach in the face verification subsystem to train an enrollment model for each identity, which we have previously shown to improve the results compared to the average of the enrollment data. Using this approach, we trained a learnable vector to represent each enrollment character. The loss function employed to train this vector was an approximated version of the detection cost function (aDCF) which is inspired by the DCF widely used metric to measure performance in verification tasks. In this paper, we also focused on exploring and analyzing the effect of training this vector with several configurations of this objective loss function. This analysis allows us to assess the impact of the configuration parameters of the loss in the amount and type of errors produced by the system.

Audiovisual Quality Control and Preservation Case Studies from Libraries, Archives, and Museums

Digital audiovisual workflows are complex. They can hinge on a breadth and depth of knowledge that is difficult to find within a single team or institution. The areas of knowledge called on can range from obscure and obsolete audiovisual carriers, to all the components in a digitization workflow chain, as well as new and evolving community resources and digital competencies for discovering errors during the quality control process. While there are many standardized audiovisual workflows, as this paper illustrates, QC work can be difficult even with a high level of training and experience; and problems, when caught, are often resource-intensive to diagnose and address. This paper details six distinct audiovisual case studies in which different digital preservation obstacles that are difficult to qualify, fully understand, and document are discussed; as well as, when possible, their solutions. They are all unique, but also unexceptional: we expect there are comparable situations, perhaps not-yet discovered or addressed in many audiovisual archives. This paper will underscore difficulties, and guide readers through some of the processes -- both formal and informal -- used to further analyze audiovisual file problems. Ultimately, in addition to helping other staff with similar problems, this paper should emphasize to administrators the special resource needs of audiovisual files and the staff responsible for them.

Audiovisual accessibility: Evaluating workflows for transcribing and captioning digital archival content

Accessibility of content should be a major focus for all digital library projects. This article describes how the University of Utah’s J. Willard Marriott Library embarked on a grant-funded project to examine different workflows for creating captions and transcripts for archival audiovisual content. Although many institutions have experimented with various methods for creating captioning and transcripts, there is no perfect standard for effectively and inexpensively generating these for archival collections. While working with a diverse set of archival audio and audiovisual files, the J. Willard Marriott Library compared different captioning workflows based on the amount of time to transcribe, the cost of each workflow, and the quality of the final results. This article presents the findings from this study, with information about the different processes that were used to generate the captions for archival content.

How much are we losing in not depositing anuran sound recordings in scientific collections?

ABSTRACT Anuran sound archives allow monitoring populations, studying animal communication, evolution, taxonomy, and natural history, besides evaluating historical events through the preservation of sound recordings. However, some of these materials are being lost because they are not deposited in archives. Thus, we investigated the percentage of herpetologists that do not deposit their recordings, their reason not to do so, and the number of recordings and financial funding lost. We observed that nearly 80% of herpetologists do not catalogue the sounds they collect, resulting in the loss of over six million dollars, only in Brazil, over the past decades. The main reasons for not cataloguing such records were lack of time, lack of expertise in cataloguing procedures, and the belief that it is not necessary. Over the past 18 years, the number of studies in which recordings were deposited increased; however, they never accounted for more than 50% of the total amount of studies. Leaving audiovisual files out of sound archives hinders public access, impairs scientific progress and increases the loss of information probability. Besides, as most of the bioacoustics studies are funded by taxpayer money (in Brazil), depositing recordings is also essential considering the proper allocation of public resources.

Miss Universo: Representaciones de El Dorado y el Traje Típico Colombiano

A través de los conocidos “trajes típicos” se ha representado la cultura de los países en el concurso de Miss Universo. Este artículo analiza cómo a partir de los trajes utilizados por las concursantes de Colombia, específicamente aquellos inspirados en la orfebrería precolombina, se ha hecho una construcción distinta a la difundida por los medios, que busca transmitir una imagen favorable del país. Por una parte este estudio muestra lo positivo de utilizar la transmisión de la cultura como herramienta política y publicitaria y, por otra, hace una reflexión sobre la sexualización de la cultura a través de la exhibición y cosificación del cuerpo de la mujer. La investigación usa como fuentes primarias recursos audiovisuales y recortes de prensa.

P211 Teens and sexting – a public health concern?

IntroductionSexual messaging (sexting) has become a norm of peer-to-peer communication among young people. There are concerns about the negative impact sexting has on young people’s health and wellbeing. However, little is known about the nature of public health messages currently being provided on sexting. This study sought to understand the nature of information and advice on sexting available online for children, young people and adults.MethodsA document analysis explored online resources from national agencies involved in promoting the welfare of children and young people. Thirty-eight documents were identified which included audio-visual files. The nature of information was analysed thematically.ResultsDefinitions of sexting, the scope of the problem and the role of technology were key themes across the documents. Safeguarding prioritised the welfare of young people with advice and scenarios on legal issues. Immediate and longer-term consequences considered peer pressure, coercion, bullying and control, psycho-social distress, reputation damage and internet related crime. Advice focused on how to say ‘no’, minimising risk, dealing with the problem, relationship advice, safety and harm reduction including how to use social media.DiscussionSexting may play an important part in normative sexual development and sexual enquiry. Online digital relationships also create concern for some children and young people. This research found that there was a wealth of information and advice available and the nature of it is consistent across agencies. Harm reduction could be strengthened through a multi-agency commitment to promote inclusive, cross-curricular online safety and healthy peer relationship messages.

Digital Preservation of Audiovisual-Based Materials: The State of the Art

In this paper, we explore the state-of-the-art for recommendations and best practices relating to long-term storage and preservation of audiovisual files. Without the proper support, audiovisual contents may become obsolete over time. Specifically, we examine file formats and metadata used in digital preservation of audiovisual resources. Additionally, we investigate the way these recommendations and best practices are integrated into three digital preservation systems.

Why Creating a Digital Library for the History of Medicine is Harder than You'd Think!

Why Creating a Digital Library for the History of Medicine is Harder than You'd Think!

Asociación Española de Cine e Imagen Científicos (ASECIC): fundamentos, evolución, objetivos y difusión informativa.

Exhibition of the actions carried out by the Spanish Association of film and image science since 1966 date of its foundation until June 2014. Participation in the framework of the sixth international seminar of audio archives and audiovisual works, organized by the national fonoteca of Mexico during the 18th to 24th of June. Describes its foundations, both general and specific objectives, the evolution that is experimenting with deployed strategies and goals to achieve, the framework for permanent action. And, finally, information dissemination is carried out, systemized in several levels of activities: through manifestations of profesional and that of its president; participation of the association at the sixth seminar international sound and audiovisual files organized by the national fonoteca of Mexico; description of contents of the filmoteca Eugenio Tutor Larrosa; the organization of the XXVII Edition bienal international of the film scientist BICC'14; and some comments about the last general meeting of the institution held in 2013.

The changing face of Soil Use and Management

It is with great pleasure that I introduce the new editorial team at Soil Use and Management. Having been a Deputy Editor since 2010, I am honored to take up the appointment of Editor-in-Chief in succession to Professor Donald Davidson. Donald has overseen some important changes to the journal, particularly in the number of manuscript submissions and the way that these are handled. The accession and peer review of all manuscripts are now handled on-line, with our Associate Editors bearing considerable responsibility for overseeing the process. Donald also instigated the appointment of two Deputy Editors to help manage the journal. In addition, he was responsible for introducing the idea of on-line virtual issues, as well as producing a number of special editions on topical issues such as soil quality and phosphorus. He introduced a sectional system so that papers are now published under broad subject headings. It has been a great privilege to work with Donald, and he will be a hard act to follow. My fellow Deputy Editor for the last four years was Hubert Tunney, recently retired from Johnstown Castle Research Centre, Wexford. He brought a wealth of knowledge of practical soil science, especially phosphorus, applied to his native Eire as well as to Europe and North America. Hubert has provided great service to the editorial team. Happily, we have not lost his expertise; although he has stepped down as Deputy, he has agreed to stay on as one of our Associate Editors. It was with great sadness that we learned of the passing of one of our dedicated and supportive Associate Editors. Marthijn Sonneveld from Wageningen University in the Netherlands died at the end of December. He will be greatly missed. I am delighted to have as my Deputy Editors Professor Amarilis de Varennes from the University of Lisbon, Portugal, and Dr Fiona Nicholson from ADAS, United Kingdom. Both have backgrounds in environmental chemistry and in the management of soils subject to organic amendments, industrial waste or natural contamination. Amarilis' research includes work on microbial processes in soil, and Fiona has considerable expertise in manure management and environmental aspects. The Associate Editor list has been updated and is published on the inside cover of the journal and online. I now want to turn to other issues; specifically, the rapid changes taking place in the world of scientific publishing. I would like to get feedback from scientists focused on soil as a resource to be understood, used and managed, together with those who see this journal as an existing or potential avenue for publishing their research. The great reduction in the cost of data storage and other advances in electronic publishing are producing new and exciting opportunities for informing the readership and supporting the needs of authors. Examples range from the archiving of the primary and meta data associated with experiments reported in published papers, to the creation of audio-visual files to accompany the on-line version of papers, the latter allowing authors to introduce the key aspects of their research. Greater exposure of information through social media could be of interest to many. It is also possible now to automatically format text and references to meet the specific style of a journal, providing practical help in the preparation of papers. However, there are few clear indications of what developments or changes the SUM readership and contributors would like to see, including suggestions for topics to be covered by special issues. Please contact me by e-mail to the address below with your thoughts and suggestions.

Application of linear mixed-effect models for the analysis of exam scores: Online video associated with higher scores for undergraduate students with lower grades

In higher education, many of the new teaching interventions are introduced in the format of audio-visual files distributed through the Internet. A pedagogical tool consisting of questions listed as learning objectives and answers presented using online videos was designed as a supplement for a molecular biology course and made available to a large class of upper-level undergraduate students. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of online videos on test scores. For this, linear mixed-effect models were fitted to the data and used to jointly estimate the effect on exam scores of video access and a set other variables including gender, academic year, course segment and cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of students. On average, scores for the segment of the course corresponding to the introduction of the online videos increased by 2%. Interestingly, students with lower CGPAs benefited the most from access to online videos; if CGPA = 4.0/10, then average score increase was 6.2%. For students with a higher CGPA of 8.0/10.0, the average increase of scores was 1.0%. The measure of exam performance represents a preliminary evaluation of the educational intervention described. Overall, the availability of videos demonstrating the application of concepts to solve problems in molecular biology was associated with statistically significantly higher scores on the exams. ► We conducted a quantitative analysis of the video impact on test scores. ► The effect of variables was estimated by fitting linear mixed-effect models to data. ► On average, scores increased by 2% when videos were made available online. ► Students with lower grades benefited the most and their scores increased by 6.2%.

TMI - Too Much Information: Creating Employability Skills Resources - enabling students to develop an effective interface with a client

Employers from a range of disciplines have commented on the problem of weaning graduates from the behaviours instilled in them by the typical assessment process. When asked to give advice, information is usually correct but too often goes beyond what is needed by the client, thus giving the client TMI - too much information. As part of a project examining a range of employability skills a resource has been created to address this particular issue, which comprises audiovisual files illustrating four different contexts (housing, health, IT and education) with accompanying teaching notes. Students are encouraged to put themselves in the place of the client and recognise the difference between being told the 'textbook' response and receiving relevant advice. This paper examines the creation of the resources and evaluates the perceived value of their use in the classroom.

Medical information on the Internet: Quality assessment of lumbar puncture and neuroaxial block techniques on YouTube

BackgroundThe Internet has become the largest, most up-to-date source for medical information. Besides enhancing patients’ knowledge, the freely accessible audio-visual files have an impact on medical education. However little is known about their characteristics. In this manuscript the quality of lumbar puncture (LP) and spinal anaesthesia (SA) videos available on YouTube is assessed. MethodsThis retrospective analysis was based on a search for LP and SA on YouTube. Videos were evaluated using essential key points (5 in SA, 4 in LP) and 3 safety indicators. Furthermore, violation of sterile working techniques and a rating whether the video must be regarded as dangerously misleading was performed. ResultsFrom 2321 hits matching the keywords, 38 videos were eligible for evaluation. In LP videos, 14% contained information on all, 4.5% on 3 and 4.5% on 2 key points, 59% on 1 and 18% on no key point. Regarding SA, no video contained information on all 5 key points, 56% on 2–4 and 25% on 1 key point, 19% did not contain any essential information. A sterility violation occurred in 11%, and 13% were classified as dangerously misleading. ConclusionsEven though high quality videos are available, the quality of video clips is generally low. The fraction of videos that were not performed in an aseptic manner is low, but these pose a substantial risk to patients. Consequently, more high-quality, institutional medical learning videos must be made available in the light of the increased utilization on the Internet.

Signal Quality in Audiovisual Digital Preservation

Audiovisual files hold a signal or an image, and so have a quality dimension that has no equivalent in text files. Digital Preservation projects provide guidance for optimizing the preservation of ‘significant properties’, but audiovisual content also have purely technical dimensions to preserve: signal fidelity and image quality. For digital libraries, automation of signal quality control is necessary, both at time of original input and for every migration or publication thereafter – because manual checking does not scale to large collections. The paper reviews quality control automation and presents a graphical approach to tracking quality over an item's entire life cycle.

A method for reliably managing files with RNS in multi Data Grids

Abstract This paper describes a method for reliably managing files distributed in different kinds of Data Grids with RNS (Resource Namespace Service). RNS provides hierarchical namespace management for name-to-resource mapping as a key technology when using Grid resources for different kinds of middleware. We define attribute expressions in XML for the RNS entries and give algorithms to access distributed files stored within different kinds of Data Grids. The volume of digital data and the size of an individual file are increasing due to the introduction of high-resolution images, high-definition audiovisual files, etc. The reliable storage of such large files is becoming problematic with whole file replication as a failure in the integrity of the file is difficult to localise. Our method involves managing large files in Data Grids by splitting them into smaller units in a traceable manner and then managing the smaller units. The RNS catalog service contains EPR (Endpoint Reference) and metadata that describe the original locations as well as the checksum values. The example in this paper shows how our Grid application can retrieve the actual file locations and the checksum values from the RNS service via SAGA (A Simple API for Grid Applications). An application can access the distributed files as though they were files in the local file-system without worrying about the underlying Data Grids. This approach can be used with various Data Grid systems to enhance file reliability.

Educational Applications of Podcasting in the Music Classroom

or the music teacher, keeping up with technology can be a daunting task. One of the latest forms of technology, podcasting, has seen explosive growth in educational use over the last two years. To keep in touch with music educators, MENC: The National Association for Music Education produces an occasional podcast titled Notes from the Clef, which features interviews with MENC executives and informational public service announcements (www.menc. org/news/view/notes-from-the-clefpodcasts). Podcasting is a technology that allows listeners to subscribe, download, and listen to audio or audiovisual files at their convenience. Like a magazine subscription delivered to your house, once you subscribe to a podcast, each episode is automatically delivered to your computer. There is no need to return to the Web

Sharing audiovisual content using a P2P environment based in JXTA

PurposeThis paper aims to present the outcome of the i2CAT Foundations' research and innovation projects that use JXTA P2P technology to share audiovisual content.Design/methodology/approachThe project consisted of designing and developing a distributed application named eRuc that allows management and sharing of audiovisual content.FindingsThe paper finds that JXTA is suitable to develop P2P applications that share audiovisual files or that interact with different kind of devices. JXTA services and protocols provide an easy integration with other P2P services and a gain of independence from the topology of the physical network (NAT, firewalls, etc.).Research limitations/implicationsHigh‐quality streaming requires specifically designed P2P architectures. Further testing needs to be performed to evaluate whether the use of JXTA, together with proven, efficient P2P streaming architectures, affect the efficiency of the P2P streaming system.Practical/implicationsP2P technologies have proven to be very efficient for some kind of applications. However, there are no standard frameworks for interoperability and application development may become difficult. JXTA P2P technologies facilitate application development and integration. The authors have used JXTA in different scenarios related with audiovisual content sharing and have proven its suitability. The current work is focused in P2P streaming. Previous literature suggests that there are some proven architectures for P2P life streaming. Using JXTA together with them may prove if JTXA is suitable for applications that require high bandwidth and minimum delay.Originality/valueThe paper provides information of value to information management and technology professionals.