Audio Steganography Technique Research Articles

Review and Analysis on audio steganography techniques

Review and Analysis on audio steganography techniques

High-capacity steganography through audio fusion and fission

<span>Information security is required for two reasons, either to conceal the information completely or to prevent the misuse of the information by adding watermarks or metadata. Audio steganography uses audio signals to hide secret information. In the proposed audio steganography technique, cover audio files and secret audio files are transformed from time domain to wavelet domain using discrete wavelet transform, the secret audio file is transformed in two levels, leading to secure and high-capacity data hiding. 1% of the 2-level compressed secret is fused to 99% of the 1-level compressed cover. “Peak signal to noise ratio and mean squared error, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, spearman’s correlation coefficient, perceptual evaluation of speech quality and short-time objective intelligibility” are considered to assess the similarity of cover audio and stego audio and similarity of secret audio embedded, and secret audio retrieved. Results show that the stego audio signal is perceptually indistinguishable from the cover audio signal. The approach also passed the robustness test.</span>

A Method of Cover Audio Selection for Embedding Based on Various Criteria

The main goal of an audio steganography method is to improve the capacity, im-perceptibility, and robustness. Several methods of audio steganography have been proposed to enhance its capabilities. To further optimize the efficiency of the audio steganography method, this paper proposes to select the appropriate audio cover for concealing the message. The selection of an appropriate cover can significantly improve the quality of the output and facilitate the development of innovative audio steganography techniques. This paper proposed a new audio cover selection method, which can further enhance the characteristics of the resulting output. This method ranked each cover according to the qualities that need to be boosted using various measurements. These measurements are the Maximum Available Space (MAS), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) for capacity, imperceptibility, and robustness respectively. Based on the experiment conducted using five cover audios stored in the self-created database, each audio is ranked differently based on the measurement used to determine its characteristic level. In conclusion, the proposed cover selection method can be used to select the most proper cover, hence improving the characteristics of audio steganography.

Comparative Analysis Of Audio Steganography Methods

Information security has been one of the most important issues of all time for both individuals and companies. Delivering data to the correct recipient is crucial for personal data protection, the privacy of personal life, and national security. To this end, different methods have been developed over the years to hide information from malicious individuals. Steganography is one of the most important information hiding methods that received great attention. In this study, five different audio steganography techniques (least significant bit, echo hiding, wavelet coding, spread spectrum, and cepstrum) are utilized and a comparison of these techniques is performed on Turkish audio recordings. To this end, hidden messages of various sizes were embedded into 20 audio recordings from 10 male and 10 female speakers using different embedding algorithms. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) computed between stego and cover audio files show that embedded message length and frame size are the main factors that determine the quality. In addition, it is observed that there is no perceptual difference between the cover and stego audio recordings. Hence, the human auditory system is unable to determine whether an audio recording is authentic or conveys a hidden message. Experimental results show that as the message length increases, the average SNR value decreases irrespective of the steganography technique, as expected. The well-known least significant bit (LSB) technique yields the highest average SNR value among the five steganography methods. The spectrographic comparison of the cover and stego audio recordings shows that hiding the secret message in an original audio signal highly affects the high-frequency region more than the low-frequency components.

A novel audio steganography technique integrated with a symmetric cryptography: a protection mechanism for secure data outsourcing

Data transfer over the internet is a very common process and security of this data is everyone's responsibility. Many techniques are available to secure such confidential data. Among them, cryptogr...

A novel audio steganography technique integrated with a symmetric cryptography: a protection mechanism for secure data outsourcing

A novel audio steganography technique integrated with a symmetric cryptography: a protection mechanism for secure data outsourcing

An Improved AES Key Generation in Audio Steganography

The higher Internet use also affects the level of information security in the digital world. Nowadays, many users send private messages or even secret messages through the Internet. This has an impact on the increasing number of illegal people who try to see and even change the information for personal gain. There is a solution to this problem by inserting a secret message in a file such as images, audio, or video. To increase the level of security, secret messages are encrypted first using cryptographic techniques. In this paper we propose a method for developing key generation in audio steganography techniques using the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. We use additional parameters to create the AES key, i.e. the user’s identity. The user’s identity is entered into the key table which is then randomly selected by the system when the user wants to get the key. There is a combination process and hash function to add complexity to the key. The performance of the proposed method is tested based on computing time and audio signal strength. The test results show that the message inserted in the audio file does not affect the file size, but rather affects the audio signal strength. Audio signals that experience additional data are at frequencies of 15 to 20 kHz and for other frequencies only experience additional noise.

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Video Using Reversible Image Transformation

This work focuses on a method to hide images in videos in a manner that the secret image can be losslessly recovered from the target image with minimal distortion. This lossless recovery can be done by using Reversible Data Hiding (RDH). To ensure the privacy of the video owner, the target media is encrypted before applying RDH. Reversible Image Transformation (RIT) is a framework used to ensure that. Audio Steganography techniques are used for further encryption. This can be used in cloud technology so that the cloud may add information into the target video without compromising its integrity. RDH also has other possible applications in the field of military, defence and medicine.

Steganography analysis techniques applied to audio and image files

The present work carries out a descriptive analysis of the main steganography techniques used in specific digital media such as audio and image files. For this purpose, a literary review of the domains, methods, and techniques as part of this set was carried out and their functioning, qualities, and weaknesses are identified. Hence, it is concluded that there is a wide relationship between audio and image steganography techniques in their implementation form. Nevertheless, it is determined that LSB is one of the weakest techniques, but the safest and the most robust technique within each type of the presented medium.

A steganographic method based on optimized audio embedding technique for secure data communication in the internet of things

AbstractThe rapid growth of the internet and the internet of things (IoT) refers to the next phase of information revolution whose context involves billions of smart devices and sensors interconnected to facilitate speedy information and data exchange under soft real‐time constraints. Digital information revolution has caused significant changes in the data communication. This data communication may require private, secure, and sometimes malicious communication. Competent secrecy can be accomplished by applying novel and inventive audio steganography. This article focuses on the secret message followed by shuffled embedded bit substitution in original audio stream by adopting optimized audio embedding technique (OAET) from the technological observation. To hide the information in the deeper layer of the audio stream, this method uses a new elevated bit range least significant bit (LSB) audio steganography technique that decreases distortion and improves the robustness of the embedded audio stream. The proposed technique proves that the perceptual quality of audio steganography is better than the previous standard LSB technique. Experiment results proved that the cladding of the OAET provides high‐level security to the universal cyber data. The interpretation of results shows that embedding data in audio enhances the level of security when used as IoT smart speakers, where the attackers could not distinguish between the original audio and the embedded audio streams.

An Efficient Audio Steganography Technique Using Hybridization of Compression and Cryptography Algorithm

An Efficient Audio Steganography Technique Using Hybridization of Compression and Cryptography Algorithm

Highly secured image hiding technique in stereo audio signal based on complete complementary codes

The recent revolution of the Internet as a collaborative medium has opened the door for people who want to share their work. Nevertheless, this may cause serious problems for privacy and copyright protection. Steganography is a powerful tool for protecting important data during transmission. It’s used to hide any secret information like text, image or audio behind a cover file. In this study, a new robust audio steganography technique based on optimum two dimensional Complete Complementary Codes (CCC) has been adopted to encode colour images data and obtain two differently encoded versions of it. These two versions are hidden in DWT coefficients of the two channels of stereo audio signal and embedding locations are determined via 2-D chaotic map random sequence. Complete Complementary Codes (CCC) are sets of spread spectrum sequence family that have ideal auto and cross-correlation properties so, they found many applications in several science areas with the broadest application possibilities in telecommunications. Various attacks are applied to the host audio signals and simulation results show high robustness and capacity with good quality of the extracted image.

An Optimized Approach for Secure Data Transmission Using Spread Spectrum Audio Steganography, Chaos Theory, and Social Impact Theory Optimizer

Being easy to understand and simple to implement, substitution technique of performing steganography has gain wide popularity among users as well as attackers. Steganography is categorized into different types based on the carrier file being used for embedding data. The audio file is focused on hiding data in this paper. Human has associated an acute degree of sensitivity to additive random noise. An individual is able to detect noise in an audio file as low as one part in 10 million. Given this limitation, it seems that concealing information within audio files would be a pointless exercise. Human auditory system (HAS) experiences an interesting behavior known as masking effect, which says that the threshold of hearing of one type of sound is affected by the presence of another type of sound. Because of this property, it is possible to hide some data inside an audio file without being noticed. In this paper, the research problem for optimizing the audio steganography technique is laid down. In the end, a methodology is proposed that effectively resolves the stated research problem and finally the implementation results are analyzed to ensure the effectiveness of the given solution.

Various audio Steganography techniques for audio signals

The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. Besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it will be faced by many threats. It is a big security and privacy issue, it become necessary to find appropriate rotation because of the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Steganography and Cryptography are considered as one of the techniques which are used to protect the important information, but both techniques have their pro’s and con’s. In this paper we have proposed a novel approach to hide the data in audio signals based on LSB technique. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated on various parameters and is compared with the existing systems.

A Review on Audio Steganography Techniques

The aim of this study is to present different types of steganography in brief and to give a special attention to audio steganography technique because a huge number of audio files are exchanged through the networks. Nowadays the widening of attacker's abilities to access the private and public information transmitted over public communication system makes way for highlighting a tool that guarantees the secure transmission of hidden information. Information hiding was a common security term that mainly includes three techniques: cryptography, steganography and watermark. Cryptography was an ancient form that is used for confidential data. Steganography is a popular tool that uses digital medium to hide confidential data in innocent carrier such as image, audio, text and video. Steganography is in fact a complement for the earlier data hiding technique cryptography. However watermark is used for copyright protection. Audio steganography is technique that hides any type of secret data in cover audio file. This study also discusses the main requirements of steganography methods and how those methods achieve them. Furthermore it shows steganography domain and, carriers and information hiding techniques used in audio.

Audio data hiding technique using integer wavelet transform

Secret data when transmitted over the network must be protected from the illegal copy, modification or destruction by the malicious user. Audio steganography is a technique that provides a platform for secure transmission of secret data over the internet. In audio steganography, the secret data is transmitted with audio signal as the carrier. This paper proposes a high capacity and security audio steganography technique to hide secret audio signal. In this technique, in lieu to ensconcing the secret information as a whole in the cover object a key corresponding to the secret information is produced and hidden imperceptibly in the cover signal. The key is used to retrieve the secret information. To generate the key and to conceal it in the cover, integer wavelet transform IWT is used. The performance metrics obtained are well above the required level of HAS, indicating good security and robustness of the stego system.

Concurrent hardware architecture for dual-mode audio steganography processor-based FPGA

Recently, audio steganography has become an important covert communications technology. This technology hides secret data in a cover audio without perceptual modification of the cover audio. Most of the existing audio steganography techniques are unsuitable for real-time communication. Although field programmable logic array (FPGA) technologies offer parallel processing in hardware that can improve the speed of steganographic systems, the research activities in this area are very limited. This paper presents a parallel hardware-architecture for dual-mode audio steganography (DMAS) based FPGA technology. The proposed DMAS reconfigures the same hardware blocks in both hiding and recovery modes to reduce the hardware requirements. It has been successfully implemented on a Xilinx XC6SLX16 FPGA board to occupy only 97 slices. Furthermore, it processes data simultaneously at an operating frequency of up to 58.82MHz and accomplishes full message retrieval at an embedding rate of 25% with an audio quality above 45dB in terms of signal to noise ratio.

Implementation and Analysis Audio Steganography Used Parity Coding for Symmetric Cryptography Key Delivery

In today's era of communication, online data transactions is increasing. Various information even more accessible, both upload and download. Because it takes a capable security system. Blowfish cryptographic equipped with Audio Steganography is one way to secure the data so that the data can not be accessed by unauthorized parties. In this study Audio Steganography technique is implemented using parity coding method that is used to send the key cryptography blowfish in e-commerce applications based on Android. The results obtained for the average computation time on stage insertion (embedding) the secret message is shorter than the average computation time making phase (extracting) the secret message. From the test results can also be seen that the more the number of characters pasted the greater the noise received, where the highest SNR is obtained when a character is inserted as many as 506 characters is equal to 11.9905 dB, while the lowest SNR obtained when a character is inserted as many as 2006 characters at 5,6897 dB .Keywords: audio steganograph, parity coding, embedding, extractin, cryptography blowfih.

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Application Based Steganographic Technique in Comparison with Other Existing Audio Steganography Techniques

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Comparative study of digital audio steganography techniques

The rapid spread in digital data usage in many real life applications have urged new and effective ways to ensure their security. Efficient secrecy can be achieved, at least in part, by implementing steganograhy techniques. Novel and versatile audio steganographic methods have been proposed. The goal of steganographic systems is to obtain secure and robust way to conceal high rate of secret data. We focus in this paper on digital audio steganography, which has emerged as a prominent source of data hiding across novel telecommunication technologies such as covered voice-over-IP, audio conferencing, etc. The multitude of steganographic criteria has led to a great diversity in these system design techniques. In this paper, we review current digital audio steganographic techniques and we evaluate their performance based on robustness, security and hiding capacity indicators. Another contribution of this paper is the provision of a robustness-based classification of steganographic models depending on their occurrence in the embedding process. A survey of major trends of audio steganography applications is also discussed in this paper.