Real-time Audience Research Articles

NAVIGATING CANCEL CULTURE: PR AND MARKETING TACTICS FOR BRAND REPUTATION MANAGEMENT

This paper explores the multifaceted role of public relations (PR) and marketing in managing brand reputation amidst the growing influence of cancel culture. With the rise of social media, cancel culture has become a powerful force, holding brands and individuals accountable for their actions and statements. This research delves into how brands can navigate this challenging landscape by employing proactive communication, apology strategies, and rebranding efforts. The study examines key case studies, such as Gillettes The Best Men Can Be campaign and Nikes partnership with Colin Kaepernick, showcasing how these brands tackled controversies through strategic messaging and aligning with social justice causes. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of authenticity, humility, and accountability in PR responses, and the power of real-time audience engagement in mitigating negative sentiment. By analyzing these elements, the paper provides actionable insights for PR professionals and marketers to enhance brand resilience and maintain trust in an era of heightened public scrutiny.

The Influence of Digital Media on Creative Writing

This study examines the impact of digital media on creative writing practices. Through a review of existing literature and analysis of relevant case studies, the study explores how digital platforms such as online blogs, social media, and interactive storytelling websites have reshaped the creative writing landscape. The findings reveal that digital media offer writers new tools and opportunities for experimentation, including multimedia elements and real-time audience engagement. However, challenges such as digital literacy and concerns about content authenticity also emerge. Overall, digital media have both positive and negative influences on creative writing, highlighting the need for further research and adaptation in the evolving digital environment.

Space, Time, and Reactivity: Designing Software for Online Theatre

Participatory digital theatre is a relatively new medium, at least in the form that emerged largely out of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased uptake of ultra-low-latency video-conferencing platforms like Zoom offer new opportunities for designers to create interactive shows that incorporate real-time audience feedback. While far from perfect, these platforms offer a starting place for examining what works and what could be improved for online performance platforms. In this article, some reflections and recommendations are made regarding online participatory theatre design. For example, creating a sense of shared space in an online show can be aided through how audiences and performers are represented onscreen. Obscuring the representation of an audience can be used as a technique to create a more isolated, solitary experience, while the use of chats and avatars can create a more communal experience. Altering the length of streaming delays also affects the experience of a show, with shorter delays favouring more interaction and feedback. It is posited that audience avatars may have a meaningful effect on audience engagement, while the display of self-facing cameras for performers and audience members alike may have a negative impact on the experience of audience members, and the engagement of performers with an audience. The future of digital theatre is perhaps best explored by embracing what the medium does uniquely well—create experiences that are not tied directly to a physical space or time, which embrace interactivity, and which can be long-living online.

Open Your Ears, Paris Dada! Where Is Your Music Coming From?

The historical record tells us that music of many kinds was played at Paris Dada events. There was piano music from the contemporary high art tradition; there was jazz; and there was also ‘anti-music’, later described (not entirely credibly) by its composer Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes. None of this music finds an audible echo in the Paris Dada manifestos of Tristan Tzara. Music is central to his discourse on Dada; but it is music as incarnated, out of time, by the physical musical instrument, not music as it was played in live performance and received by an audience in real time. The reason is the Dada refusal to see art as anything that can be defined, or as the communication of a message sent by a human agent. The instrument, as a physical object, cannot, in Dada, be seen through to the art or the artist beyond. This is in many ways a logically untenable position, because we never cease to believe that the music we hear is something more than the instrument on which it is played. Lies have to be told in order for Dada to occupy that untenable position. But Tzara assumes those lies, and the necessity for them; and so do I.

"I Am Concerned, But...": Streamers' Privacy Concerns and Strategies In Live Streaming Information Disclosure

Live streaming is a popular synchronous social media platform that allows users to disclose information to vast audience in real time. It has been increasingly studied in recent years for its unique functions of disseminating user-generated content, enriching streamers' self-presentation, curating online social interactions and fostering online communities. However, little research has been done to explore the privacy issues in live streaming. In the present paper, we aim to understand streamers' privacy concerns and strategies in their information disclosure on live streaming. From an interview study with 20 streamers, we found that they expressed concerns and carefully managed their information disclosure based on whether the disclosure would enhance or weaken their attractiveness to the audience and whether it would disturb their interpersonal boundary with the audience. They adopted various technical and behavioral privacy management strategies to cope with their concerns, but encountered a series of usability and cognitive burdens. Based on the findings, we present design implications to improve the privacy management on live streaming.

Creating Character Identification and Liking in Narratives: The Impact of Protagonist Motivations on Real-Time Audience Responses

ABSTRACT Popular narratives can have a significant cultural and persuasive impact. Audience identification with a protagonist and liking of the protagonist are two important types of audience engagement. The present study proposes that character motivations play a central role in the establishment of both identification and liking. Two typologies of motivations are tested (one from a hierarchy of psychological needs perspective, and the other from the professional field of screenwriting) as predictors of dynamic fluctuations in audience identification and liking. Three professional screenwriters served as “expert coders” of three randomly selected films and identified key moments that were of particular importance for establishing character motivation. N = 308 participants viewed the first 35 minutes of one of the three films and provided real-time ratings of either liking or identification. Results indicated that the establishment of character motivations does indeed have a major impact on shaping identification and liking in real time.

Social media for collaborative planning: A typology of support functions and challenges

In recent years, the widespread use of social media has increasingly impacted planning practice and policy making. Although a growing body of literature examines the impact of social media on urban governance and planning, there is a lack of theoretical understanding on the extent to which social media can support collaborative planning. This study identifies a typology of support functions of social media: information sharing refers to one-way information flows from government to citizens or from individuals and organizations to a wide audience in real time; social networking is about the networking of individuals and organizations, perhaps crossing geographical boundaries for collective actions; citizen participation is related to different levels of citizen power that may be enhanced by social media; and communication is diverse, characterized by multimodal, interactive and mass self-communication in various online public spheres. These support functions can be employed to assist different phases and scales of collaborative planning. Nevertheless, there are several potential challenges of using social media in urban planning, including population bias, privacy concerns, information credibility, (self-)censorship, and opinion polarization. The integration of social media, digital tools and traditional participation methods can help to support more inclusive planning processes.

AAA Science Communication Bootcamp: empowering members with effective communication strategies

This presentation summarizes the outcomes from the inaugural AAA Science Communication Boot Camp (SCBC). SCBC is a 3-day, hands-on professional development workshop in effective science communication strategies. The inaugural workshop was convened in Indianapolis, IN, from July 10-12, 2019, with the following goals: 1) To equip a cadre of AAA members with a toolkit of methods proven to enhance the effectiveness of science communication: dynamic listening, message distilling, storytelling, and audience connection all derived from the principles of improvisational theater; and 2) To provide a collegial and interactive environment where SCBC participants can practice the communication skills they learn in real time, network with others, and train to communicate science with the media and with policymakers. Days 1 and 2 of SCBC focused on formal communication training from the faculty of the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University. The Alda Method borrows techniques from applied improvisational theater to teach participants to effectively connect with their audience in real time, to distill their message into language that is free from jargon and easily understood by the general public, and to use storytelling as a mechanism for these tasks. Day 3 of SCBC focused on communication with media, visual communication, and communication with policymakers. A morning panel of local and regional print, radio, and television reports and media professionals spoke to participants about effective ways to communicate the importance of their work to general audiences. The media panel was followed by a session on the importance of visual communication led by a representative of the Indiana Center for Translational Science. The afternoon included two sessions where SCBC participants were able to apply techniques learned over the previous two days: mock media interviews and advocacy training for effective communication with policymakers run by FASEB staff. Participants completed pre- and post-workshop evaluations (5-pt. Likert scale) regarding their comfort and willingness to communicate their science in multiple media platforms. We predicted that more participants would agree/strongly agree with the evaluation statements on the post-workshop survey than on the pre-workshop survey. Twenty-nine participants were surveyed, and response rates were high (79% pre-survey, 89% post-survey). Data were analyzed by independent samples t-tests of means between pre- and post-workshop surveys. Likert scores were considered statistically significant with a Bonferroni correction of 0.05 for 9 analyses (i.e., p<0.0056). Data demonstrate that participants found the program to be valuable because they left with a science communication toolkit to draw on as they continue practicing how to communicate their work to diverse audiences. We expect to offer additional SCBC programs in the future.

Understanding the effects of real-time sentiment analysis and morale visualisation in backchannel systems: A case study

When presenting to a large group of students, either in an amphitheatre or through an online platform, effectively connecting to the audience – understanding how well the audience is following the presentation and taking appropriate actions promptly if they experience difficulties – is a serious challenge. Backchannel systems are sometimes deployed to address this issue by allowing audience to give feedback to the presenter without interrupting the current discourse. However, these systems are not designed to immediately aggregate and present the audience's feedback to the presenter in a meaningful way that is easy to quickly digest. To fill this gap, we have explored a proof-of-concept method for analysing the emotions and sentiments from the audience's feedback in real time and displaying to the presenter a morale graph showing a trend of the audience's overall reaction over time. This allows a presenter to effectively connected to their audience in real time, knowing whether their presentation is going well and what issues their audience may have in common at any specific moment. We have further implemented this method in an educational context, using a prototype backchannel system, known as ClasSense, for a lecturer to effectively connect to their students. This paper presents the evaluation of this system, which shows that lecturers accept and prefer the morale graph based user interface developed over other backchannel user interfaces that display all posts in chronological order. Students also positively expressed their agreement that the system not only makes their feedback an important part of the class but also increases their interactions with the lecturers. This is further confirmed with a Markov chain predicting the probability that students’ and lecturers’ survey results lead to their overall positive sentiment towards the tool. The flexibility of the ClasSense system suggests it may also be suitable in contexts other than education.

Focus on Systems to Improve Morbidity and Mortality Conference Relevance.

Morbidity and mortality conference (MMC) is educationally important. However, resident physicians rate it less positively than faculty, citing focus on assigning blame rather than targeting change. Additionally, many MMC presentations are selected for clinical novelty instead of avoidable outcome. Despite significant time and resources routinely committed to MMC, its educational and clinical impact is generally limited. This warrants shifting focus toward quality improvement and systems-based care. From July to December 2017, within a large, public academic center and medical school, the family medicine MMC became a quality conference (QC) focusing on thematically-linked, system-based errors. After case presentations, the audience split into small groups for targeted discussion then reconvened to identify specific interventions. We collected attitudinal data from faculty and resident physicians in attendance using real-time audience text polling, targeting case relevance and change impact. Compared to MMC, QC case relevance improved by 0.39 (P&lt;.01) on a 5-point scale. Compared to MMC, QC cumulatively approached but did not meet statistical significance regarding changing clinical practice. Qualitative statements commented on increased multilevel engagement, dedicated follow up, and decreased didactic presentations. QC demonstrated statistically significant increased relevance compared to MMC, reflecting the benefit of systems-based, thematically-linked cases.

Social media and the visibility of horrific violence

Abstract Images are central to social media communication. Billions of images are shared across different social media platforms every day: photos, cartoons, GIFs and short video clips are exchanged by users, facilitating or framing discourse on participatory sites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Many of these images depict events of extreme violence, which circulate uninhibited by the conventional constraints associated with traditional news media censorship. A question arises here as to how such images mobilize public and policy-making responses to atrocities. This article examines the political dynamics of violent social media images. I argue that the particular qualities of social media can play an important role in how the digital visibility of horrific violence influences policy-making as a response to such atrocities. There is an important connection between the properties of social media platforms that allow user images to reach a global audience in real time and the emotional responses that this level of circulation generates. In turn, the pressure created by events made globally visible through the circulation of violent images and the audience responses to those images puts governments in a position where they are forced to act, which has significant implications for policy-making.

Practice Management Strategies Among Current Members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons

BackgroundAt the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS), a survey was conducted to assess current practice management strategies by AAHKS members. MethodsAAHKS members used an audience response system to respond to queries related to a variety of practice management issues. The survey contained multiple-choice and yes or no questions. The answers were collected in a central database and provided to the audience in real time. ResultsThere were a number of surprising findings in this year’s survey. A majority of AAHKS members are still in private practice (40%), fee for service is still the most common form of compensation (39%), and there has been a decrease in the number of AAHKS members participating in bundle payment contracts (34%). There has been a dramatic rise in both the use of unicondylar knee arthroplasties and the performance of same-day total joint arthroplasty among AAHKS members. ConclusionThe survey documents the current practice patterns of AAHKS members and demonstrates the continued evolution of the practice of total joint arthroplasty. Future surveys should continue to monitor practice activity related to private practice, fee for service, and the use of same-day total joint arthroplasty.

Viewing the Game Textually: Online Consumption of Live Text Commentary as Alternate Spectatorship Among Nigerian Football Fans

Live text commentary has, in recent years, emerged as a prominent mode of reporting sports actions to an online audience in real time. Prior studies have mainly adopted a textual analysis approach in examining this written genre of sports commentary. Working within a media multitasking and technology acceptance paradigm, this study investigated the patterns of, perceptions, and motivations that drive online consumption of live text commentary among football fans. Data were obtained from a survey of 312 Nigerian football fans. Findings showed that Nigerian fans access live text commentary in a supplementary and contemporaneous fashion with television and radio live football broadcasts. It was revealed that fans were more likely to access live text commentary to follow European football league matches than those of the domestic league. However, the local–foreign spectatorship preference margin was found to be minimal when fans follow country-based football matches. Results also established that fans' motivations and perceptions, which were found to be more utilitarian than hedonic in direction, significantly mediate the relationship between actual consumption and intention for future consumption of live text commentary. Implications and contributions of the study's findings were discussed.

Facial Expression Recognition using Multiple Kinect version 2 Cameras

In every presentation, there should be a standard of presenter’s performance index to detect whether the audience is interested or not. In this research, the authors propose an application to automate facial expression recognition using multiple Kinect version 2 cameras called Auditoria. The sensor and Kinect FaceBasic API enables real-time audience facial recognition monitoring accurately. First, the depth sensor catch facial emotions such as happy and unhappy. Then, the captured data is processed by Auditoria to be shown in the website later. An interactive result in a form of charts showing the audience’s satisfaction level can be accessed through Auditoria’s website. This data is particularly useful for educational institution and others to improve speaker’s skill. However, there are still some limitation factors regarding optimal range, light interference, and multiple Kinect overlapping that must be further tested to deliver more consistent detection and accurate result.

Lessons Learned From the Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Conference

The Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conference is both a quality improvement and an educational conference. We sought to evaluate the educational and quality improvement value of different learners who attend the surgical M&M conference. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate if an educational intervention directed at medical students (MS) would improve their experience at this conference. Over a 2-month period, we used a third party, real-time audience polling software during 4 M&M conferences using questions concerning medical error, loop closure, learning value, applicability, and professionalism. After baseline data were obtained in Phase 1, MS attended a seminar on the subject of error as part of their orientation. Additionally, to facilitate their preparation, MS were supplied the cases to be presented at that week's conference, a few days before M&M. After this intervention, 3 additional M&M conferences were polled, as described above, as part of Phase 2. Differences between faculty (FAC) and MS experience were assessed by chi-square and ANOVA analyses as appropriate. Study was reviewed and received a waiver from the IRB. Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, a tertiary care academic teaching hospital of Brown University. Audience participants were informed of the voluntary nature of this survey and asked to self-identify as MS, PA/NPs, junior residents, senior residents, or FAC. In phase 1, there were an average of 289±18.7 responses per session, while in phase 2 there were an average of 267±9.29 responses per session. In Phase 1, when asked to characterize the error as practitioner, system, both practitioner and system or neither, FAC were more likely to assign error as practitioner error than MS (15/38-39.5% vs 6/41-14.6%, p=0.021). This trend continued in Phase 2, FAC (19/33-57.6%) vs MS (8/29-27.6%), p=0.011. In terms of whether learners felt the conference was useful to their education (5 point scale - strongly agree to strongly disagree) the FAC felt conference more useful than MS (4.0 vs 3.63 p=0.005). This trend continued even after intervention (4.24 vs 3.71 p<0.001). The FAC and MS had the same opinion as to the closure of the case being "education at conference," change in policy/procedure, both, neither, no response - average: 75, 3, 9, 6, 7%. Both the FAC and the MS felt the environment was professional (Phase 1: 4.42 v 4.18, p=0.321)(Phase 2: 4.43 v 4.37, p=0.1002). Despite an educational intervention, we found FAC and MS maintained very divergent opinions as to what is practitioner error, and system error, and FAC found the M&M discussion more educational than MS. To maximize learning for MS during surgical M&M more interventions are needed.

Using Audience Response Systems for Real-Time Learning Assessments During Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Conference

Morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference is a mainstay of surgical education. However, its effectiveness is poorly described. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a real-time audience response system for learner assessment during M&M. We integrated a web-based audience response system into weekly M&M conference. First, this platform collected qualitative responses about the role of M&M. Then, we used the platform to direct questions to attendees in real time. Questions focused on surgical risk estimation and classifying root causes. Responses were grouped by training and compared to a validated risk tool's prediction. Root cause assignment concordance was statistically compared using Cohen's kappa between the pluralities of faculty responses to that of trainees. General surgical residency program based at a tertiary academic medical center. Affiliated categorical residents, preliminary residents, and clinical fellows. We enrolled 110 participants (38 faculty, 31 senior trainees, and 41 trainees). The majority of respondents (75.9%) cited education as the purpose of M&M, and all of respondents stated education as their personal motivation. Audience response questions were integrated into 34 unique case presentations. Mean absolute differences between predicted complication rates and attendees' predictions were highest for faculty (-9.4%, p = 0.009) and lowest for junior residents (-1.8%, p = 0.385). When assigning root cause of each morbidity, concordance between faculty and trainees was low to moderate (K = 0.41). Assessment of learning during M&M can be performed in real time with discrimination observed by learner experience level. These data support development of this response platform to trend learner performance over time and to monitor targeted educational interventions at future M&Ms.

Practice Management Strategies Among Current Members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons

BackgroundAt the 2017 annual meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS), a survey was conducted to assess current practice management strategies by AAHKS members. MethodsDuring the annual AAHKS meeting, a survey was conducted using an audience response system. The moderator queried AAHKS members with respect to a variety of practice management issues. The survey included both multiple choice and yes or no questions. The answers were collected in a central database and provided to the audience in real time. ResultsThe survey responses provided valuable information with respect to the practice activity of AAHKS members. A total of 47% of AAHKS members are in private practice, and fee for service remains the major form of compensation for 39% of the membership. Participation in bundled-payment programs was 46%. A minority (22%) had performed a total joint arthroplasty in an outpatient surgery center. ConclusionThis survey of AAHKS members' practice patterns provided interesting data. Future surveys should determine potential changes in practice activity related to private practice, fee for service compensation, the use of outpatient surgery centers for total joint arthroplasty, and surgeon participation in bundled-payment programs.

Playful Participation: How Pen, Provocation, and Personal Touch Boost User Engagement in Workshops

Abstract BASED ON A CASE FROM INDUSTRY WE DESCRIBE THE USE OF GRAPHIC FACILITATION TO BOOST PARTICIPANT ENGAGEMENT IN WORKSHOPS. WITH AN OUTSET IN DESIGN SKETCHING WE DESCRIBE AND EXEMPLIFY THE USE OF GRAPHIC FACILITATION AND REFLECT ON ITS RELEVANCE FOR SUPPORTING A PLAYFUL ENVIRONMENT AND THE RESULTS ON USER PARTICIPATION IN A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING SITUATION. FURTHER, WE PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS ON HOW TO EFFICIENTLY USE GRAPHIC FACILITATION IN SITUATIONS WHERE ENGAGEMENT, LEARNING AND REFLECTION ARE ESSENTIAL. THESE GUIDELINES INCLUDE USING A PERSONAL STYLE OF SKETCHING AS OPPOSED TO USING GENERIC ICONS, MAKING LARGE NUMBERS OF SKETCHES DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE AUDIENCE IN REAL TIME, AND CONTEXTUALIZING LEARNING POINTS IN HUMOROUS WAYS SUCH AS THROUGH REFRAMING AND EXAGGERATION.

Playful Participation: How Pen, Provocation, and Personal Touch Boost User Engagement in Workshops

Based on a case from industry, we describe the use of graphic facilitation to boost participant engagement in workshops. With design sketching as our point of departure, we describe and exemplify the use of graphic facilitation and reflect on its relevance for supporting a playful environment and how it impacts user participation in a professional learning situation.Furthermore, we provide guidelines for practitioners on how to efficiently use graphic facilitation in situations where engagement, learning, and reflection are essential. The guidelines include using a personal style of sketching as opposed to generic icons, producing large numbers of sketches directly in front of the audience in real time, and contextualizing learning points in humorous ways, such as through re-framing and exaggeration.

Broadcasting upon a shooting star: investigating the success of Afreeca TV's livestream personal broadcast model

This study examined the increasingly popular social media platform and online personal broadcasting service, Afreeca TV. The website features a live stream self-broadcasting model accompanied by a live chat window. This study employed a qualitative content analysis of most popular shows on Afreeca TV to identify elements that make its model successful. We discuss following key elements that help understand Afreeca TV's success: 1) real-time audience participation/influence on broadcasts; 2) sociality offered through companionship and virtual community; 3) virtual celebrity arising from the platform's unique fan culture; 4) convenient expression of satisfaction through the unique 'star balloon' feature; 5) diversified content and structure fulfilling the changing needs of audiences; 6) livecast management system ensuring the quality of content and interactions. This study contributes to both research and practice by highlighting how audience behaviour on social broadcasting platforms are changing.