Attribution Of Responsibility Frame Research Articles

Framing of Covid-19 Pandemic News in Malaysian Local Newspapers

As a reliable means for the public, mass media is a critical medium to be used to disseminate information predominantly in crisis. At the end of 2019, the world faced a new pandemic, later known as the COVID-19 pandemic, after scientists identified the virus that caused this infection. The media coverage of this cause accelerated and became more expansive after the spread of a group of shocking pictures of infected cases who died on the roads and streets due to this disease. People have turned to the mass media to find out what was happening, and at the same time, media outlets interacted differently with this pandemic. In particular, this study seeks to reveal the news framing used by the most popular local newspapers in Malaysia. This study, therefore, examines the five mainframes developed by Semetko & Valkenburg: conflict, attribution of responsibility, human interest, economics, and morality. This sampling involves the News Straits Times and The Star from April 1 to April 10, 2022. This study concludes that both newspapers NST and The Star reported the Covid-19 pandemic with all the five generic frames in this order (attribution of responsibility, human interest, economic frame, morality frame, and conflict frame), where the attribution of responsibility frame is the most used frame, and the conflict frame is the least used in both media outlets, the second significant result in this study concludes that NST used these generic frames more than The Star newspaper. Keywords: News framing, Covid-19, newspapers, News Straits Times, Utusan.

Clean diesel and dirty scandal: The echo of Volkswagen’s dieselgate in an intra-industry setting

In 2015 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency revealed that German car manufacturer Volkswagen had illegally installed software to produce fake NOx-emissions results. This study aims to analyze how the German news media framed VW’s role. Furthermore, since the scandal shifted from a single company to an industry-wide crisis, this contribution also aims to establish whether the German news media reframed the crisis as an industry-wide phenomenon in 2018. The results show that the Dieselgate was reframed in 2018 as an industry-wide scandal where the conflict, morality, and attribution of responsibility frame were most dominant. We argue that the first wrongdoer in an industry creates a crisis history, which potentially becomes an intensifying factor for competitors who are confronted with similar crises in a later stage. Findings extend the theoretical premise of an organizational reputation as postulated in SCCT, as the organizational reputation is most likely influenced by changing industry-wide perceptions as well.

Framing of FeeMustFall students' protest by Daily Dispatch Newspaper and the effect on readers’ perceptions

This article sought to examine the framing of FeeMustFall protest by Daily Dispatch Newspaper (DDN) and its effect on readers' perceptions. This study adopted a mixed method of research, wherein a quantitative content analysis was used to explicate the frames of FeeMustFall stories reported by DDN while a focus group discussion, a qualitative method, was used to assess the effect of framing of FeeMustFall students' protest stories on readers’ perceptions. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed through content analysis of the DDN while qualitative data collected through focus group discussions were analyzed thematically. Content analysis of 31 FeeMustFall stories reported by DDN showed that 45.16 per cent (14) of the stories were categorized as conflict frame (CF), 29 per cent (9) as attribution of responsibility frame (ARF), 16 per cent (5) as human interest frame (HIF) while 6.45 per cent (2) and 3.23 per cent (1) were categorized as economic consequence frame (ECF) and morality frame (MF), respectively. Thematic analysis of the focus group discussions revealed that the type of news frame used for the presentation of FeeMustFall protest stories influenced the thoughts and perceptions of readers on the issue as the news frames generated similar audience frames.

Sustainable development goals and media framing: an analysis of road safety governance in Bangladeshi newspapers

This paper seeks to explore how Bangladeshi newspapers frame road safety governance. It investigates the prevalence of five news frames—responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequence and morality, in news stories on road safety in Bangladesh. Taking a deductive approach to qualitative content analysis, a total of ninety three (93) news stories from July 29 to August 30, 2018, were analyzed from four Bangladeshi newspapers. The findings suggest that the most common frame in news stories on road safety was the attribution of responsibility frame, followed by the conflict frame and human interest frame, respectively. In most of the cases, the government was seen as responsible for the problem, rather than the individual actors. It is argued that each of the frames can construct a distinct picture of the reality in which road safety is positioned and influence the policy preferences of the audience.

The Political Reform and the Amharic Biweekly Reporter: The Editorial Contents of the Reporter Newspaper in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issue, government and party issues were frequent in both periods. Professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes-economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.

“Is it possible that people are so irresponsible?”: Tabloid news framing of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia

Starting from the observation that the COVID-19 pandemic is a socio-cultural and health phenomenon, in this paper we analyse the tabloid news framing of the pandemic in Serbia. Our study examines a month-long period following the first identified case, during which the government introduced preventative measures deemed to be some of the strictest in the world. Applying a news framing analysis to front page news of the three tabloid newspapers Alo, Informer, and Kurir (N = 387), our study identifies nine frames employed in the media reporting about the pandemic. Supplementing the framing analysis with an examination of the narrative roles of heroes, victims and villains in which different social actors are placed, we add to the nuanced understanding of the socio-cultural frames of reference in pandemic reporting. Our analysis establishes that the most prominent frames in the tabloid news stories on COVID-19 in Serbia are prevention and human-interest frames. It shows that the attribution of responsibility frame is used to present citizens as villains who undermine successful state measures, while China and Russia are portrayed as the heroes in the fight against are virus.

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF “MALAYSIAN-LAHAD DATU” CRISIS AND CRISIS RESPONSES IN ETHNIC NEWSPAPERS IN MALAYSIA

This research was to examine the portrayal of crisis response strategies in Malaysian local vernacular printed dailies in covering terrorism crises which is the Lahad Datu crisis in Malaysia. The researcher relied on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Framing theory to identify the news coverage and appropriate solutions through newspaper framing. Five variables were identified by the researcher in examining crisis response strategies such as news category, news slants, news framing, news sources and portrayal of visuals. Through quantitative content analysis, data revealed that the solution category was portrayed by Nanban daily, but Sin Chew focused on the problem category. For the news slants, Sin Chew daily framed negative slants of news most but Nanban daily portrayed issues in positive slants. In measuring the news frame, both dailies focused more on the attribution of responsibility frame. In examining the crisis response strategies, the researcher found, justification crisis response was portrayed predominantly but there is a significant difference between two different vernacular dailies in the portrayal of justification crisis response followed by concern crisis response. Kruskal Wallis’s test revealed that there is a significant difference in the portrayal of concern response between two dailies however, both newspapers having significant associations in portraying compensation crisis response.

Print Media and the Political Reform in Ethiopia

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies a quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issues, government, and party issues were frequent in both periods. The professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames, and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with the date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes—economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.

Frame Analysis of Newspapers’ Reports on Educational Policies in Korea, 2003~2018

이 연구는 노무현·이명박·박근혜·문재인 정부 16년 동안의 진보·보수 정권별 주요 교육정책을 살펴보고, 각 언론의 뉴스 보도 프레임이 정부별, 신문별로 왜, 어떻게 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 조선일보·중앙일보·한국일보·한겨레 등 4개 종합일간지 기사 3,200건이다. 보도 프레임은 세멧코와 밸켄버그(2000)의 진술문 척도를 활용한 5가지 유형 모델을 적용해 분석했다. 연구결과 프레임별 비중은 책임귀인 프레임(53%), 갈등 프레임(42.6%), 인간적 흥미 프레임(26.3%), 도덕성 프레임(16%), 경제적 중요성 프레임(8.6%) 순이었다. 진보와 보수 정권별로 자사고, 수능, 국정교과서, 교육감 선거 등을 놓고 첨예한 갈등이 있었고, 언론사 성향별로도 동일 정책에 대한 보도 비중과 적용 프레임이 다양했던 것으로 나타났다. 특히 정책변동이 잦았던 노무현·이명박 정부시기에는 갈등과 책임귀인 프레임이, 수요자 의견 불출이 많았던 박근혜·문재인 정부시기에는 인간적 흥미 프레임 비중이 상대적으로 높았다. 이는 한국의 교육정책이 정부의 관점에 따라 변화해 왔고, 그런 정책을 보도하는 언론의 양상 또한 정부의 입장에 영향을 주는 중요한 요소임을 의미한다. 가치중립적이어야 할 교육이 정파적 속성에 따라 바뀌고 보도 되고 있다는 통시적 연구는 대한민국 교육정책의 일관성과 연속성에 문제가 있다는 중요한 시사점을 던져주고 있다.This study aims to analyze major educational policies implemented in Korea over 16 years under the Roh Moo-hyun, Lee Myung-bak, Park Geun-hye, Moon Jae-in governments and identify why the differences exist in the media reports on these policies. For this purpose, the author examined 3,200 articles written by four media outlets, Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo, Hankook Ilbo, Hankyoreh and applied the five frames of media coverage discussed by Semetko and Valkenburg. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the study found that 53 percent of the articles fit in the attribution of responsibility frame, 42.6 percent in the conflict frame, 26.3 percent in the human interest frame, 16 percent in the morality frame and 8.6 percent in the economic consequences frame. There was a severe conflict of interest between the progressive and conservative governments when it came to educational policies on autonomous private high schools, college entrance exams, national history textbooks and the election of local education superintendents. The frames of media coverage on these topics were also more varied. Second, conflict and responsibility frame were dominant under the Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak regime. Also reversely, the portion of human interest frame rate were high under the Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-in government. Third, the educational policies had been changed politically and the reporting frames of mass media were important factors influencing on people’s understanding. This means there were critical problems in the continuities and consistencies of educational policies in Korea.

Newspaper Framing of Biafra Agitation Under Buhari’s Administration and its Influence on Public Support for the Struggle

ABSTRACTThis study examined newspaper framing of Biafra agitation under Buhari's administration and its influence on public support for the struggle. Specific objectives of the study are to assess the patterns of news framing of the Biafra agitation under Buhari's administration; to know whether there is a difference in the patterns of news frames used by the pro-Igbo/pro-Biafra City newspapers and other national dailies in covering the Biafra agitation under Buhari's administration; to ascertain readers' perception of the Biafra agitation under Buhari's administration; to find out whether news stories on Biafra agitation influenced public support for the struggle under Buhari's administration. The survey and the content analysis methods were used as the research design. Findings from the study show that seven patterns of frames were used by the four selected newspapers in covering the Biafra agitation. The frames are: economic frame, political frame, ethnic frame, response frame, religious frame, human interest frame and attribution of responsibility frame. The study found that the pro-Igbo/Biafra (Daily Sun and Biafra Times) newspapers used frames that highlighted copiously the deprivation, marginalisation and oppression the Igbos are suffering under Buhari's administration thus lent support to the Biafra agitation. The other two national dailies (This Day and Guardian) used frames that tend to denounce the agitation. Finally, the study found that news stories on the Biafra agitation have had great influence on public support for the struggle.

A Frame Analysis of Nurse-related Articles from Korean Daily Newspapers

Purpose: This study analyzed how the four nurse-related news items 'talent show,' 'neonatal death,' 'nurse's death,' and 'sexual harassment' were portrayed in Korean daily newspaper articles. Methods: A total of 392 newspaper articles published from November 2017 to May 2018 were retrieved through the internet homepages of three newspapers, the Chosun Ilbo, the Dong-a Ilbo, and the JoongAng Ilbo and through a database for 13 other newspapers. Articles were analyzed for their views on nurses and their structural and contextual frames. Results: Articles with the highest frequency of mentioning nurses' death appeared in the JoongAng Ilbo; these were written as straight news articles. In the analyzed articles, nurses were portrayed mostly as victims, troublemakers, passive, or selfish. Articles were written mostly in episodic, incident notice, or attribution of responsibility frames. Conclusion: It was not uncommon to read articles with negative views on nurses; most of these articles focused only the four major incidents as straight news type stories. Future efforts are needed to study the implications of newspaper articles with negative views on nurses and the frames most commonly used.

Predicting the Strength of Online News Frames

Framing theory is one of the most significant approaches to understanding media and their potential impact on publics. Leaving aside that fact, the author finds that publicity effects seem to be dispersed and difficult to catch for public relations (PR). This paper employs a specific research design, which could be applied to public relations practice, namely with a view to observing correlations between specific media frames and individual frames. The approach is based on the Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) typology of news frames. The author attributes negative, positive and neutral determinants to the types of frames in his empirical research. Online news regarding three transport organizations and the accompanying user comments (identified as negative, positive and neutral) are analysed by means of the method of content and sentiment analysis. The author recognizes user comments and reviews as individual frames that take part in the creation of online image. Furthermore, he identifies the types of media frames as well as individual frames manifested as image, and undertakes correlation research in order to establish their prediction potential. The results expose the most frequently used types of media frames concerning the transport domain. The media are keen to report through the attribution of responsibility frame, and after that, through the economic frame and the conflict frame, but, on the other hand, they tend to neglect the human interest frame and the morality frame. The results show that specific types of news frames enable better prediction of user reactions. The economic frame and the human interest frame therefore represent the most predictable types of frame.

Generic frames and tonality: Mapping a polarizing issue in a multifaceted context

This study explores the feasibility and usefulness of five generic frames (conflict, responsibility, economic consequences, human interest and morality) in analysing framing practices in a multifaceted journalistic field over time. We show that supplementing generic frames through the tonality expressed in news stories enhances analytical quality. Mapping Swiss media outlets by how they frame a highly polarizing policy, we identify different framing practices in covering the issue. Using multiple correspondence analyses, the results first show that, while cultural background and media partisanship lead to heterogeneity in how the issue is initially framed, the state’s involvement homogenizes framing practices over time. Second, unlike previous research, our study provides empirical evidence that both conflict frame and attribution of responsibility frame can measure the same underlying construct. Third, we find evidence that these two frames are strongly associated with a negative tone. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Assessing Broadcasting News of Disaster

이 연구는 세월호 재난 사고를 보도한 한국 방송 뉴스의 주요 구성요소 (프레임, 정보원, 시각적 요소)를 주제로, 뉴스 프레임을 중심으로 각 구성요소가 방송뉴스에 어떻게 구현되고 있는지를 살펴보고자했다. 이를 연구하기 위해 지상파 방송뉴스 (KBS, SBS, MBC)와 종합편성채널 (TV 조선, 채널 A, JTBC, MBN)의 메인뉴스를 대상으로 내용분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과, 대부분의 프레임에서는 정부와 관련된 공식적 정보원이 가장 많이 사용된 반면, 일화적, 인간적 흥미, 공동체 속죄 프레임에서는 일반 시민들과 세월호 사고 희생자들이 정보원으로 가장 많이 사용되었다. 또한, 클로즈업은 일화적, 인간적 흥미 프레임에 가장 많이 사용되었고 컴퓨터그래픽(CG)는 일화적, 책임 귀인 프레임에서 많이 사용되었다. 이 내용을 토대로 저자들은 한국 방송 재난 뉴스의 객관성 문제에 대한 논의를 다양한 관점으로 확대해나갈 수 있음을 기대한다.This paper examines major elements of broadcasting news on the South Korean Sewol ferry disaster, including frames, sources and visuals. The episodic and responsibility frames were frequently used in disaster news. Official government-related sources were primarily used in most news frames, whereas episodic, human interest, and community-atonement frames were mostly used when citizen and victim sources appeared. Close-up shots were contained in episodic and human interest frames. Episodic frame news used computer graphics (CG) more often than thematic news while the attribution of responsibility frame used CG elements the most among content-based news frames.

Who is to Blame on July 22, 2011? Psychological and Sociological Blame Frames in the Reporting of Anders Breivik in the Dutch Speaking Broadsheet Press

On July 22, 2011 Anders Breivik murdered a large amount of people in Norway. In this study we investigate a sample of articles that were published about Breivik and his deeds in the Flemish and Dutch press. We will investigate these articles looking for the so-called “attribution of responsibility frame.” The murders from Breivik could be explained psychologically (“he is insane”) as well as sociologically (far-right political parties are responsible because of having spread hate speech). We present a typology of subtypes of frames. We will furthermore investigate how many times these types of frames occur in different media outlets.

A study of newspaper columnists’ framing of Kenyan politics in post-2007 election violence

This research investigates the prevalence of five media frames in op-ed articles published in Kenya's Sunday Nation newspaper: attribution of responsibility, conflict, economic consequences, human interest and international interest. Through the lens of the attribution of responsibility frame, the study examines who, between President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga, was blamed for problems facing Kenya. How the two leaders were framed – positively or negatively – was also analysed. In total, 90 opinion column articles were content analysed in the 18-month period following the formation of Kenya's Grand Coalition Government in 2008. The results show that the conflict frame was the most prevalent, followed by international interest, attribution of responsibility, economic consequences and human interest. Kibaki was blamed more, and thus framed more negatively, than Odinga.

How do the news media frame crises? A content analysis of crisis news coverage

The present study is a content analysis of crisis news frames found in 2006 crisis news coverage. A total of 247 news stories were analyzed to examine which of five news frames (attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic) and level of responsibility (individual and organizational level) were used by the media according to crisis type. While the attribution of responsibility frame was the most predominantly used in crisis news coverage, the use of each of the five frames depended on crisis type. The use of level of responsibility also varied by crisis type and was related to the five frames; individual level of responsibility was used more with morality, human interest, and attribution of responsibility frames. Implications and suggestions based on the results were discussed.

Framing European politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News

We investigated the prevalence of 5 news frames identified in earlier studies on framing and framing effects: attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality. We content analyzed 2,601 newspaper stories and 1,522 television news stories in the period surrounding the Amsterdam meetings of European heads of state in 1997. Our results showed that, overall, the attribution of responsibility frame was most commonly used in the news, followed by the conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality frames, respectively. The use of news frames depended on both the type of outlet and the type of topic. Most significant differences were not between media (television vs. the press) but between sensationalist vs. serious types of news outlets. Sober and serious newspapers and television news programs more often used the responsibility and conflict frames in the presentation of news, whereas sensationalist outlets more often used the human interest frame.