Attributes Of Players Research Articles

Collective action within an environment of unknown unknowns: Experiences with the port of Mars Game.

There is limited research about how groups solve collective action problems in uncertain environments, especially if groups are confronted with unknown unknowns. We aim to develop a more comprehensive view of the characteristics that allow both groups and individuals to navigate such issues more effectively. In this article, we present the results of a new online experiment where individuals make decisions of whether to contribute to the group or pursue self-interest in an environment with high uncertainty, including unknown unknowns. The behavioral game, Port of Mars is framed as a first-generation habitat on Mars where participants have to make decisions on how much to invest in the shared infrastructure to maintain system health and how much to invest in personal goals. Participants can chat during the game, and take surveys before and after the game in order to measure personality attributes and observations from the game. Initial results suggest that a higher average social value orientation and more communication are the key factors that explain why some groups are more successful than others in surviving Port of Mars. Neither other attributes of players nor the group's communication content explain the observed differences between groups.

Improving the Accuracy of Recognition and Evaluation of Technical Movements of Basketball Players Using Deep Learning Algorithms

Deep learning algorithms are revolutionizing the analysis of technical movements in basketball players by extracting intricate patterns and insights from vast amounts of video data. By training neural networks on annotated video sequences of basketball games, these algorithms can automatically detect and classify various technical movements such as dribbling, shooting, passing, and defensive maneuvers. The use of deep learning enables the identification of subtle nuances in player movements, facilitating more accurate performance assessment and actionable feedback for athletes and coaches. This paper introduces a novel approach for analyzing basketball player movements utilizing Anthropometrical Variable Assessment Deep Learning (AVADL). By integrating anthropometric variables with deep learning algorithms, AVADL offers a comprehensive framework for accurately recognizing and evaluating technical movements on the basketball court. We present experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of AVADL across various dataset sizes and player profiles, showcasing high accuracy and performance metrics. The incorporation of anthropometric measurements provides valuable context into the diverse physical attributes of basketball players, enhancing our understanding of their playing style and performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of AVADL across various dataset sizes and player profiles, with training accuracies ranging from 90% to 97% and testing accuracies from 85% to 92%. Precision, recall, and F1-Score metrics consistently show values above 0.80, indicating the robustness of the approach. The incorporation of anthropometric measurements provides valuable context into the diverse physical attributes of basketball players, enhancing our understanding of their playing style and performance.

Importance of physical tests in evaluating the level of some physical attributes of soccer players

The study that is in your hands aims to know the importance of physical tests in evaluating the level of some physical attributes of soccer players , and for that we followed the descriptive approach, where the sample of the study amounted to 16 coaches and we used to collect data the questionnaire whose results were analyzed by calculating k2 and percentages, The most important results of the study are that most of the trainers are aware of the importance of physical tests in evaluating some physical characteristics, so we find that they use them Before each stage of training, to know the current level of the player, and thus set the appropriate program. The study reported that the trainers perform physical tests after each stage of training to determine the extent of the development of the level of some qualities, and the results obtained from physical tests help determine the training program and it We recommend conducting periodic tests to measure the level of physical attributes of the players and providing physical tests and modern methods for coaches.

Stars and Spikes: Analyzing Fan Attraction to Star Players in the Philippine Professional Volleyball League

The study sought to describe fan consumption patterns in volleyball, identify factors influencing fan engagement, pinpoint attractive attributes of volleyball players, and compare influences on fanhood across demographic groups. The research was conducted in Pasig City, focusing on a geographically delimited non-probability sample. Data was collected through in situ surveys using questionnaires to obtain participants’ demographic profile and their motivations, preferences, and consumption patterns as league fans during match days, specifically during the last preliminary round of the league’s conference in the third week of April, with particular emphasis on the timing of visits across different days of the week. Two hundred fifty respondents participated in the survey, comprising both genders ranging in age from 10 to 78 years. Results reveal that participants identify as avid league fans and consider having a favorite league player as “definitely important” in connection with their fanhood. As to the traits of star players that attract them, 11 attributes are figured highly: passionate, professional, respectful, fair, approachable, humble, exciting, entertaining, winnable, articulate, and humble. The results provide contemporary insights into sports consumption motivations and attitudes of league fans, which can be instrumental in developing effective marketing strategies, enhancing spectator experience, and deepening the understanding of sports fandom among the Filipino audience.

Design of physical function monitoring system for athletes in soccer training in college sports

Abstract A comprehensive assessment of the physical capabilities and attributes of soccer players is essential for effective college soccer training. The ability to implement targeted tactical training relies on a thorough understanding of each player’s physical condition. This paper presents a monitoring system for soccer players’ bodily functions, developed using inertial sensor technology alongside Beer’s Law, tailored to recognize human body movement states and to measure blood oxygen and heart rate. The system’s efficacy in movement recognition and physiological monitoring was evaluated through comparative testing, assessing its performance against established algorithms. Notably, this system demonstrated a 9.75% improvement in the average accuracy for recognizing walking and running actions compared to the Juha Parkka decision tree algorithm and a 6.5% increase in accuracy over the D.M. Karantonis algorithm for walking action recognition. Heart rate measurements incurred an error of approximately ±2 BPM, with a maximum error of 1.7, and oxygen saturation monitoring displayed an error margin of ±2%, with a maximum deviation of 1.6. These deviations fall within acceptable limits. The results of this study furnish valuable data to support the customization of training content and intensity for college soccer athletes and offer insights for optimizing player selection and tactical strategies during matches.

Games for experiential learning: triggering collective changes in commons management

As resource users interact and impose externalities onto each other, institutions are needed to coordinate resource use, create trust, and provide incentives for sustainable management. Coordinated collective action can play a key role in enabling communities to manage natural resource commons more sustainably. But when such collective action is not present, what can be done to foster it? We contribute to the understanding of how experiential learning through games can affect behavioral change, potentially leading to more sustainable commons management. We present a conceptual framework describing the most important processes involved in experiential learning games. The framework highlights the importance of the game context for achieving game outcomes. We list game features that have been argued to influence learning and behavioral determinants, focusing on the game narrative and experience, game rules, and attributes of players. We briefly describe how each game feature influences the processes in the framework. Next, we apply the conceptual framework to examine design features that were particularly important for influencing behavioral drivers in commons management in three intervention cases from India relating to groundwater, surface water, and forests. Our conceptual reflections underpin the need to debate about underlying assumptions in using games as intervention tools. Making assumptions transparent can help to understand why or under what conditions experiential learning works or fails. There is a critical need for more systematic choices of the right tools for the right purpose. This includes participants of the experiential learning who must be able to relate the game to their real life. A social dilemma in the game should at least, in its basic structure, represent a real-life dilemma. We close by highlighting future research needs both from the conceptual behavioral change as well as the game design perspective.

Evolutionary Stability and Evolution of Misperceptions in Conflict

We find Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) and Evolutionary Stable Preference (ESP) in conflict modeled as a pairwise contest game for an endogenous prize. Our study attributes overbidding under ESS to misperceptions about various attributes of rival players in a conflict that evolved through ESP. We show that players tend to over perceive the resource endowments of rival players and this, in turn, gives rise to the more aggressive behaviour of players under ESS. We also use the notion of conflict expenditure in an endogenous prize setting to show that the false perception about the rival players under ESP gives rise to higher levels of dissipation of resources into appropriation. JEL Classifications: D70, D72, D74

Comparing the Aerobic Fitness Capacity of University and Club Levels Male Volleyball Players

The objective of this research was to find the likely importance of variations in aerobic fitness between men volleyball players competing for club and university. The volleyball players must have the capacity to comprehensively display their physical, technical, tactical, and psychological skills. The physical attributes of players have a noticeable impact on both the team's strategy and the players' performance. Players must therefore be physically capable of meeting the demands of the sport. The present study was planned to monitor the cardio-respiratory fitness or aerobic endurance of male volleyball players at the club and university levels and to compare the results. A total number of 60 men volleyball players, aged 19 to 24 years from both clubs and universities participated in this study. To assess each group's level of aerobic fitness, the test that was used is the Harvard step test. Findings demonstrated a difference in club and university players' aerobic fitness of a significant level (p< 0.05). In comparison to club volleyball players, university volleyball players were shown to have superior aerobic fitness.

Prediction of football match results with Machine Learning

Football is one of the most popular sports in the world, so the perception of the game and the prediction of results is of general interest to fans, coaches, media and gamblers. Although predicting football results is a very complex task, the football betting business has grown over time. The unpredictability of football results and the growing betting business justify the development of prediction models to support gamblers. In this article, we develop machine learning methods that take multiple statistics of previous matches and attributes of players from both teams as inputs to predict the outcome of football matches. Several prediction models were tested, with the experimental results showing encouraging performance in terms of the profit margin of football bets.

Morphological, physical attributes and match performance in young handball players

The aim of this study was threefold: 1) to compare the morphological and physical attributes of the young players divided into two different maturational groups; 2) to analyze the association between the morphological and physical attributes and the game performance of young players, taking into account their maturational state; and finally 3) to verify if the subjective coach’s opinion about the individual performance and players’ potential is influenced by players’ game performance and the morphological and physical attributes. The sample consisted of 40 young handball players divided into pre- and post-peak height velocity. The morphological and physical attributes of players from each group, as well as the association of these attributes with the competitive performance were analyzed and compared. The results confirmed the significant differences between both groups in all morphological characteristics and the results of physical assessment. It was found that the morphological and physical attributes associated with better competitive performance differ according to the maturation state of the players. The study confirmed the importance of maturational assessment in the interpretation of physical tests results, morphological assessments and competitive performance of handball players in the ages near the pubertal growth spurt.

Morphological and Fitness Attributes of Young Male Portuguese Basketball Players: Normative Values According to Chronological Age and Years From Peak Height Velocity.

The aims of the present study were: (i) to describe the structural and functional attributes of young male Portuguese basketball players aged 12–16 years and (ii) to generate normative data according to chronological age and years from peak height velocity. A total of 281 male Portuguese young basketball players between the ages of 12 and 16 years were assessed in this study. Chronological age, maturity parameters (maturity offset and predicted age at peak height velocity), morphological (body mass, height, and skinfolds and length), and fitness (sprint, change of direction ability, jump, and upper body strength) attributes were measured. Descriptive statistics were determined for the age and maturity status, and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were chosen as reference values. Descriptive and normative values of the players' morphological and fitness attributes, stratified by age and maturity status, are provided. The normative values of age at peak height velocity (category YAPHV = 0) showed that regional basketball players presented average values (50th percentile) of 169.8 cm for height, 173.3 cm for arm span, 55.6 kg for body mass, 3.34 s for the 20-m speed test, 10.31 s for the T-test, 4.75 m for the 2-kg medicine ball throw, 66.9 kg for the combined right and left handgrip strength, and 30.1 and 35.9 cm for jump height in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with arm swing, respectively. In conclusion, these results may be helpful to quantify and control an athlete's performance over time and to adjust strength and conditioning programs to biological demands.

How soccer scouts identify talented players

ABSTRACT Scouts of soccer clubs are often the first to identify talented players. However, there is a lack of research on how these scouts assess and predict overall soccer performance. Therefore, we conducted a large-scaled study to examine the process of talent identification among 125 soccer scouts. Through an online self-report questionnaire, scouts were asked about (1) the players’ age at which they can predict players’ soccer performance, (2) the attributes they consider relevant, and (3) the extent to which they predict performance in a structured manner. The most important results are as follows. First, scouts who observed 12-year-old and younger players perceived they could predict at older ages (13.6 years old, on average) whether a player has the potential to become a professional soccer player. This suggests that scouts are aware of the idea that early indicators of later performance are often lacking, yet do advise on selection of players at younger ages. Second, when identifying talented players, scouts considered more easily observable attributes, such as technical attributes. However, scouts described these often in a broad sense rather than in terms of specific predictors of future performance. Finally, scouts reported that they assess attributes of players in a structured manner. Yet, they ultimately based their prediction (i.e. final score) on an intuitive integration of different performance attributes, which is a suboptimal strategy according to existing literature. Taken together, these outcomes provide specific clues to improve the reliability and validity of the scouting process. Highlights Based on a large sample of soccer scouts, we examine three issues that are important in the process of identifying talented soccer players: The age at which good performance predictions can be made, which attributes are relevant predictors, and how performance predictions are formed. Scouts who observe players in young age cohorts believe that the age at which they can predict performance is older than the players they typically scout, suggesting that they are aware that early indicators of performance are often lacking. Technical performance attributes are considered as most important performance predictors by scouts, but these are often described in a broad - rather than specific - sense. Scouts indicate that they predict performance in a structured manner, but form their overall performance prediction on an intuitive integration of different performance attributes, which can be a suboptimal approach.

Positional running capacities and in-game demands of South African university level rugby players

Rugby is a complex contact sport consisting of varying intensities of locomotion, interspersed with stationary and contact periods. An increasing professionalisation of the sport even at university and school level has engendered a growing need to collect objective data regarding the physical attributes of rugby players. The aim of the study was to assess the positional running capacities and demands of university rugby players. Twenty-nine male rugby players (age: 22.5 ± 1.2 years; body mass: 96.1 ± 13.26 kg; stature: 182.6 ± 7.5 cm) completed a battery of tests, which included: 10 m + 40 m sprint, yo-yo intermittent recovery (Yo-Yo IRT), repeated sprint ability test (RSA), and had their in-game running demands evaluated. Positional differences between forwards and backs were reported (p<0.05) for Yo-Yo IRT: 19.2 ± 2 vs 21.1 ± 2; 10 m sprint: 1.7 ± 0.1s vs 1.6 ± 0.0s; 40 m sprint test: 5.4 ± 0.3s vs 5.1 ± 0.1s; 5 m RST: 738.9 ± 31.1m vs 767.3 ± 20.9m. Additionally, a significant difference in-game distances between forwards and the backs (absolute: 5564.1 ± 842.5m vs 6955.9 ± 780.9m; relative: 54.7 ± 9.0 m.min-1 vs 60.6 ± 8.7m.min-1) were obtained. The assessment of university-level rugby players showed that backline players tend to record higher aerobic capacity, acceleration and sprint values than forwards. Evidence has shown that during matches, backs tend to cover more distance and spend more time in each speed band than forwards. The findings were discussed in the light of their implications for competitive rugby performance.

Body Height of Elite Basketball Players: Do Taller Basketball Teams Rank Better at the FIBA World Cup?

Body height is among the most important attributes of basketball players. Whether it differs among the basketball players who compete at the world basketball championship (FIBA-WC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the basketball players from the teams ranked 1–16 and those ranked below 16th place. The body heights of all players from the last three FIBA-WCs were collected and allocated according to the ranking at the FIBA-WC and analyzed by position in team. An independent sample t-test was conducted to analyze the difference in body height of players ranked 1–16 and players who ranked below 16th place. The players from the first 16 teams were significantly taller at three positions: point guards (Difference = 2.92 cm, p < 0.05), shooting guards (Difference = 2.16 cm, p < 0.05), and small forwards (Difference = 2.49 cm, p < 0.01). Body height seems to be an important factor for the performance of the basketball team at the FIBA-WC. Considering that all players at the FIBA-WC went through rigorous selection process to be in their national teams, body height of the higher-ranked players could be used as a reference value.

Performance analysis of one‐step prediction‐based cognitive jamming in jammer‐radar countermeasure model

Strong adaptive radar, such as cognitive radar (CNR), can perform various missions while ensuring its own security in electronic warfare, via detecting environments and changing the radar parameters in real time. Unfortunately, most of the current military countermeasures, such as jamming-based electronic countermeasures, have rarely been related to jamming for CNR. Since the behaviours of radar in the traditional design of the jammer-radar scenario are always static, it is easy to create a subjective or local optimal jamming effect. In order to dynamically analyse the execution process of a complete jamming radar mission, this work establishes an equivalent attack-defence game in which the radar is regarded as a defence decision agent, and the jammer is an attack decision agent. The attributes of the game's players, the rules of the game, and the conditions for the end of the game are set clearly by setting reasonable parameters. After searching for antagonism strategies by exhaustive method, it can be found that the survivability of the predictive cognitive jamming is much stronger than that of the normal jamming based on real-time sampling data of radars. This conclusion is demonstrated through a 1 ms simulation of the game process.

Physical and anthropometrical attributes of Australian youth soccer players

Objectives To determine whether Australian youth soccer players of varying levels could be distinguished based on their anthropometrical and physical attributes. Design A cross-sectional observational design was used, involving six anthropometrical and physical tests for each player. Methods Participants represented three youth levels of competition, namely national elite (n = 18), state elite (n = 22) and sub-elite (n = 22). Anthropometrical and physical tests included standing height; body mass; 5, 10, 30 m sprint and 20 m ‘flying start’ sprint; zig-zag agility test; vertical jump and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1. A multiple analysis of variance for the main effect of cohort, with a follow-up ANOVA and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference were used to discern which attributes differed between each cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated, providing cut-off values between cohorts. Results The national elite cohort was significantly taller than the state elite cohort (ES = 0.94) and faster than the sub-elite athletes across 30 m (ES = 0.79) and 20 m with a flying start (ES = 0.77) (P &lt; 0.05). The national elite cohort had a significantly higher level of intermittent endurance, compared to the state elite athletes who also performed better than the sub-elite cohort. The discrepancy between groups in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1 was exemplified by the receiver operating characteristic with 94.1% of national elite players running further than 1980 m, while 95.7% of state elite and 100% of sub-elite players failed to reach this distance (ES = 0.88–1.77). Conclusions It is evident that anthropometrical and physical attributes differ between youth cohorts, particularly intermittent endurance. It is important to use this knowledge to enhance the current processes used to identify future talent for success in Australian soccer.

Technical attributes of Australian youth soccer players: Implications for talent identification

Objectives To determine whether the technical ability of Australian youth soccer players could distinguish between various playing levels. Design A cross-sectional observational design was used with each player required to complete four technical tests. Methods Sixty-two participants were representatives of three cohorts of youth soccer in Australia: national elite ( n = 18), state elite ( n = 22) and sub-elite ( n = 22). The technical tests used were Loughborough Short Passing Test (LSPT), long passing test (LPT), shooting test and speed dribbling, with all players familiarised with the tests prior to data collection. Differences between cohorts were analysed using a multiple analysis of variance test with follow-up analyses of variance and Tukey Honest Significant Difference post-hoc test, which were subsequently used to inform a sensitivity analysis, more specifically a bootstrapped receiver operating curve to determine cut-off scores for each variable. Results The national elite cohort scored better than state- and sub-elite cohorts on the LSPT, however, the state elite produced the fastest time before penalties. The sub-elite cohort scored less points on the LPT compared to both national- and state-elite cohorts, on both feet. In regards to speed dribbling, national-elite players were faster than both the state- and sub-elite cohorts. Shooting accuracy and velocity were able to discriminate the national- and sub-elite cohorts on the dominant foot, with shooting velocity on the nondominant foot being faster for the national elite compared to both the state- and sub-elite cohorts. Conclusions A number of differences in technical ability were identified between varying levels of Australian youth soccer players. Youth soccer coaches and sports scientists should use the cut-off scores for the technical tests in the talent identification and development process, with aspiring players aiming to reach these levels.

Effects of a Ten-Week Periodized Resistance Training Program on Speed in High School Athletes

Strength and speed are important for athletes that perform change-of-direction sprinting. With limited pre-season time, quality short-term training is vital to high school athletes. Although inconsistent, research shows periodized resistance training (PRT) as most beneficial for athletes. PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of short-term PRT on speed and determine the relationship between relative strength and speed. METHODS: Eighteen male high school football and soccer players were randomly assigned to either a PRT group (PRTG) or a control group (CG) after providing informed consent. Both groups were pre and post-tested on drills to assess speed (“Nebraska, “T”, and 20 m dash) and a 3-repetition maximum back squat to assess strength. The PRTG participated in a 10-week/3-day/week PRT program while the CG independently participated in their normal training routine. Five 2x2 ANOVAs were conducted (treatment/control vs. pretest/post test) with significance set at p < .05 to determine differences. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p<.001) for both absolute and relative strength with the PRTG mean (298.94 lbs ± 58.6 lbs; 1.78 ± 0.31) greater than the CG mean (186 lbs ± 34.78 lbs; 1.24 ± 0.24) after training. Nebraska drill scores approached significance (p = .055) after training [PRTG = 8.26 sec ± 0.46sec; CG = 8.56 sec ± 0.63 sec]. Relative strength was most highly correlated (-.72) with the Nebraska drill for the PRTG at the time of the pre-test. The correlation between relative strength and speed was not improved with training. Increases in absolute and thus relative strength were expected, because although independent, the CG also trained for strength. Further investigation of the results of random assignment to groups showed mostly football players in the PRTG and mostly soccer players in the CG. Sport specific training attributes of soccer and football players may have influenced the findings. CONCLUSION: The 10 week short-term PRT did not elicit significant differences in change-of-direction speed in this sample of football and soccer players. Supported by the Adrian Tinsley Undergraduate Summer Research Program

Towards Procedural Map and Character Generation for the MOBA Game Genre

In this paper, we present an approach to create assets using proceduralalgorithms in maps generation and dynamic adaptation of characters for a MOBA video game, preserving the balancing feature to players. Maps arecreated based on offering equal chances of winning or losing for both teams. Also, a character adaptation system is developed which allows changing the attributes of players in real-time according to their behaviour, always maintaining the game balanced. Our tests show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms to establish the adequate values in a MOBA videogame.

Physical Fitness Attributes of Team-Handball Players are Related to Playing Position and Performance Level

Background:Investigations have reported differences amongst player position groups in elite team-Handball (HB) players. Nevertheless, studies with normative physical fitness data of the HB playing positions at more than two different levels of male HB players have not been reported yet.Objectives:This study aimed: 1) to describe and compare the physical fitness (PF) attributes of male HB players in different playing positions, and 2) to determine which combination of PF measures best discriminate the performance level groups in each one of the individual HB playing position groups.Materials and Methods:One hundred and sixty-one male HB players participated in this study. The participants were divided into five playing position groups: 1) Goalkeeper (GK, n = 24), 2) Wing (W, n = 48), 3) Back left/right (BLR, n = 38), 4) Back center (BC, n = 29), 5) Pivot (Pi, n = 22), complementarily, performance level was recorded for each participant according to the national HB association, i.e. 1) Top Elite, 2) Moderate Elite, 3) Sub-Elite or, 4) Moderately Trained. Stature and body mass measures were taken from each HB player, and six fitness tests were performed (30 -m sprint, handgrip, vertical jumps-SJ and CMJ, sit-ups, and Yo-Yo IE2).Results:Significant differences were observed between HB playing position groups in body size, speed, and lower limb power and handgrip strength. Nevertheless, 1) the performance in Yo-Yo IE2 was the best measure to discriminate the performance level groups when considering the HB goalkeeper group, HB center back group, and HB pivot group; 2) the average leg power (in squat jump) and the number of executions in sit up test successfully discriminated HB wing performance level groups; and, 3) Stature, countermovement jump height and the position in the Yo-Yo IE2, successfully discriminated HB left/right back performance level groups.Conclusions:It can be concluded that HB players profile, 1) differs according to HB playing position group, and, 2) for the same playing position group, it differs according to HB performance level. This study also demonstrated the influence of aerobic capacity for HB excellence, and according to playing positions.