Attitudinal Beliefs Research Articles

Theory-Based Message Design for Recruitment of Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Groups Into Alzheimer's-Focused Research Registries.

Alzheimer's disease (AD)-focused recruitment research registries can help identify eligible participants for AD studies, but registry participation is limited among racial and ethnic groups most at risk for AD. Using the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA), this study is part of a larger project to design theory-based persuasive recruitment messages that would encourage registry enrollment among underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. National survey data were collected in May/June 2021 from adults aged 50-80 years old living in the United States (n = 1,501) with oversamples of non-Hispanic Black (n = 334) and Hispanic (n = 309) adults for group comparisons. Regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship of the attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control on intention to sign up for an AD-focused research registry for each racial/ethnic and sex group (i.e., Black women, Black men, Hispanic female, Hispanic men, non-Hispanic White women, and non-Hispanic White men), followed by an audience segmentation analysis based on intender status. Across almost all target groups, attitudes were an important determinant of intention, and norms and capacity were secondary determinants for Black and Hispanic adults, respectively. There was considerable overlap in attitudinal beliefs most salient to the behavior which focused on benefits to society in some way, either generally (i.e., "helping others in the future"; "advancing science") or more specifically (i.e., "helping others like you"). Differences between groups were more apparent regarding norms and capacity. Targeted recruitment messages based on beliefs that were common across the groups could be an efficient way of recruiting people of color into AD research registries.

Attitudinal Beliefs About Suicidal Behavior and Attitudes Towards Suicide Attempts in Colombian Healthcare Professionals.

Background: Suicide remains a major global public health concern, ranking among the leading causes of death worldwide. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in preventing suicide, yet their attitudes and beliefs about suicidal behavior can significantly impact the quality of care provided to individuals at risk. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the attitudinal beliefs of Colombian healthcare professionals regarding suicidal behavior and their attitudes toward suicide attempts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 healthcare professionals, including interns, from fields such as medicine, nursing, and nursing assistance. Participants completed the Attitudinal Beliefs Questionnaire about Suicidal Behavior (CCCS-18) and the Attitudes Towards Suicide Attempt Scale (ASETSA). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationship between professional experience and attitudes toward suicidal behavior. Results: The findings revealed that many participants exhibit attitudes that legitimize suicide in cases of extreme suffering, such as in terminal illness. However, there were significant gaps in comprehensive approaches to suicide prevention, with varying levels of commitment to individual and institutional support. Clinical experience was identified as a key factor in shaping these attitudes, with more experienced professionals showing a nuanced understanding of suicide triggers and prevention. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of ongoing training programs that not only improve technical knowledge but also address misconceptions and stigmas related to suicide. These findings have direct implications for developing targeted interventions and educational programs within the Colombian healthcare context to ensure more compassionate and effective care for individuals at risk of suicide.

An inclusive extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior for explaining household food leftover reduction intention among Gen Z

PurposeThis study aims to extend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with the Norm Activation Theory (NAT) and apply these two theories to explain Gen Z’s intention to reduce household food leftovers.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected online from 386 respondents, selected through a convenience sampling technique from June to August 2023. Established indicators measured each construct adequately, and hypotheses were examined by using a structural equation model with robust maximum likelihood estimation.FindingsAttitude toward behavior, perceived behavioral control and personal norms built by awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility were proven to be able to form the intention to reduce household food leftovers. Extending the TPB with the NAT revealed that intention was built based on attitudinal belief, control belief and a feeling of moral obligation that activates personal norms.Research limitations/implicationsRespondent validity needs to be strengthened; injunctive and descriptive norms are still integrated, and the translation of intention into action is yet to be examinedPractical implicationsSocial marketers boosted behavior change campaigns among Zoomers by emphasizing moral responsibility, promoting awareness and favorable behavioral beliefs through tailored messages and highlighting the ease of reducing household food leftovers.Originality/valueThis study bridged existing research gaps by extending the TPB with the NAT in the context of household routine consumption practices. It offered valuable insights for promoting responsible consumption and reducing household food leftovers among the youth.

Perceived barriers to help-seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine: Perspectives of people with lived experience, family members and health workers.

Barriers to help-seeking for illicit drug use cross psychosocial (e.g., knowledge of where to seek help, attitudinal beliefs like being afraid of what people will think) and structural (e.g., service availability) domains. Along with people who use illicit drugs, it is important to consider the perspectives of other key groups who are often involved in the help-seeking and recovery process. This study aimed to examine the perceived barriers to help-seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine ('ice') among key groups (people who use crystal methamphetamine, families and friends, health workers) as well as the general community. A cross-sectional online survey open to all Australian residents (aged ≥18 years) was conducted November 2018-March 2019. Four key groups of interest were recruited to examine and compare perceived barriers to help-seeking for crystal methamphetamine use. Participants (n = 2108) included: people who use/have used crystal methamphetamine (n = 564, 39%), health workers (n = 288, 26.8%), affected family/friends (n = 434, 13.7%) and general community (n = 822, 20.6%). People who used crystal methamphetamine demonstrated increased odds of reporting attitudinal (OR 1.35; 1.02-1.80) or structural (OR 1.89; 1.09-3.27) barriers, or a previous negative help-seeking experience (OR 2.27; 1.41-3.66) compared to knowledge barriers. Health workers demonstrated decreased odds of reporting attitudinal compared to knowledge barriers (OR 0.69; 0.50-0.95). Perceived barriers to seeking help for crystal methamphetamine use differed among key groups involved in treatment and recovery. Acknowledging and addressing the mismatches between key groups, through targeted interventions may better support people to seek help for crystal methamphetamine use.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of E-commerce Entrepreneurial Learning: The Mediating Effect of Social Media Flow Experience

This study investigated students’ flow states and attitudinal beliefs in a social media-mediated e-commerce entrepreneurship education (EE) context that mediates the entrepreneurial intention-behavior relationship by a structural equation model using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the flow theory. This study collected questionnaire data from students to examine the conceptual model. Such learning environments enhanced students’ perceived behavioral control, increased their flow experience, improved attitudes toward social media-assisted entrepreneurial learning, and facilitated the intentions, which led to learning behavior performance achievement in a digital economy. Notably, the flow and attitudes constructs mediated the linkage between students’ perceived entrepreneurial feasibility and the intention-behavior relationship in the social media-assisting EE context. This study contributed to theory by emphasizing the importance of digital entrepreneurial learning in facilitating prospective entrepreneurs’ TPB cognitions, by identifying the mediation effects of learners’ flow and attitudes on the intention-behavior relationship, and by adding the flow concept into the TPB to understand the mechanism through which EE influences students’ exploratory behavior. The findings highlighted EE practices in computer-mediated environments that facilitate students’ active and meaningful learning for flow experience and attitude enhancement, which likely increases their entrepreneurial intentions and behavior in a digital business environment.

Racial Attitudes Towards Criminal Justice Policy

The present study examined the intersection of race and attitudes toward crime and criminal justice policies. Using the Kinder Houston Area Survey, findings revealed some surprising similarities, but also significant differences between the three largest racial categories sampled: Black/African American, Hispanic, and White. Political affiliation, social class, and educational attainment were the primary indicators of support/rejection toward attitudinal beliefs regarding crime and criminal justice policy (i.e., teachers carrying guns, death penalty, assault weapon bans). Political affiliation and education were paramount regarding whether teachers should carry guns on school grounds and implementing mandatory background checks. White and Hispanic republicans favored teachers carrying guns, while educated Blacks and Hispanics rejected this policy. At the same time, educated Blacks and Hispanics favored implementing mandatory background checks. Similarly, support and/or objection to the death penalty and banning assault weapons yielded interesting findings. Black, Hispanic, and White republicans advocated support for the death penalty, while simultaneous rejecting bans on assault weapons. Interestingly, only educated Blacks supported banning assault weapons. Participants' political party affilation influenced their attitudes toward these policies. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the extent to which race, sociodemographic characteristics, political, and residential placement shape beliefs about crime and criminal justice policy in one of Americas most racially and ethnically diverse metropolitan cities.

Using implementation mapping to refine strategies to improve implementation of an evidence-based mobile market intervention: a study protocol.

The Veggie Van model is a mobile market model that is efficacious in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption for lower-income participants. The model is currently being evaluated for its effectiveness in a multi-state trial. Preliminary implementation data, collected through process measures surveys and implementation interviews, indicate that there are several barriers to implementation among partner organizations and implementation fidelity to the Veggie Van model was low. Consideration and planning for implementation ought to occur early and often throughout the research process order to ensure Veggie Van model effectiveness. This paper describes the step-by-step process for creating strategies to enhance implementation of Veggie Van model components. Implementation mapping is a systematic process to develop implementation strategies through engagement with key stakeholders. We conducted a series of interviews (n = 31 representatives) with partner organizations (n = 8) to identify facilitators and barriers to Veggie Van model implementation. We then applied interview findings to an Implementation Mapping process to develop theory and practice-driven strategies to be integrated into existing implementation tools and technical assistance. We identified implementation outcomes (e.g., staff implement the Veggie Van model component of nutrition education with fidelity) and performance objectives (e.g., offer nutrition education, in the form of food lessons and/or food demonstrations, at least bi-weekly) to achieve them. We conducted a secondary qualitative analysis of the findings from implementation interviews with partner organizations to identify behavioral determinants (e.g., attitudinal beliefs, social support) which were combined with the performance objectives to generate change objectives (e.g., view the Veggie Van model as advantageous to an organization and communities served). To achieve the change objectives, we developed implementation strategies that would be integrated into existing Veggie Van training resources including an online toolkit, webinars and trainings, an annual mobile market conference, and technical assistance. The development of theory and practice-driven implementation strategies will enable us to improve our implementation tools, thereby improving fidelity to the Veggie Van model among organizations and increasing the likelihood of its effectiveness. Detailing the design of a multifaceted implementation strategy using Implementation Mapping also provides a model to design similar strategies for other community-based interventions.

Basic human values and the adoption of cryptocurrency.

Cryptocurrency is an attempt to create an alternative to centralized financial systems using blockchain technology. However, our understanding of the psychological mechanisms that drive cryptocurrency adoption is limited. This study examines the role of basic human values in three stages of cryptocurrency adoption-awareness, intention to buy, and ownership-using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Logistic regression analysis was conducted on a quota sample of 714 German adults, and the results showed that openness-to-change values increased the likelihood of cryptocurrency awareness, while self-enhancement values increased the likelihood of intention to buy and ownership. These findings were consistent even after controlling for demographic characteristics, attitudinal beliefs, and perceived behavioral control, which are important factors in the TPB. The results suggest that basic human values may influence an individual's decision to adopt cryptocurrency, but the transition from awareness to ownership may be influenced by socio-economic opportunities available to interested individuals.

HEALTH CONDITIONS, CONTROL BELIEFS, AND ATTITUDINAL BELIEFS OF USING TECHNOLOGY IN LOW-INCOME OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Integrating assistive technologies into fall prevention interventions could improve health outcomes, but older adults in low-income settings face greater challenges with technology use due to factors such as cost, access, and location. We examined the acceptance of technology in low-income older adults and the factors associated with their acceptance. In this cross-sectional study, 126 adults aged 60 years and older agreed to participate in the study. Three technologies, including a BTrack balance system (BBS), bioimpedance measurement device (InBody), and activity monitoring device (Actigraphs) were used to assess fall risk. The Senior Technology Acceptance (STA) was used to assess the acceptance of technology. STA consists of four domains with 14 items (1-10 rating scale). The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between STA scores, fall risk, and demographic factors. We found a significant correlation between STA and the CDC’s STEADI fall risk score (r = 0.3, p = 0.00075); between STA and education (r = 0.26, p = 0.0042); and between STA and age (r = -0.32, p = 0.00031). Participants had the highest mean STA scores to the lowest mean scores as follows: health conditions (41.9 ± 5.8), control beliefs (30.1 ± 8.1), attitudinal beliefs (20.9 ± 8.2), and gerontological anxiety (8.3 ± 5.7). The use of technology is acceptable to low-income older adults but fall risk, education, and age were associated with acceptance. They may benefit from technologically based fall prevention intervention since they have the potential to use technology with low fear expressed toward it.

Unravelling the underlying mechanism of computational thinking: The mediating role of attitudinal beliefs between personality and learning performance

AbstractBackgroundComputational thinking (CT) has been broadly considered one of the 21st‐century competencies, and an emerging trend has been seen in integrating CT into primary education. Cumulative research was conducted to investigate the influencing factors of CT learning performance, and an ample range of factors has been identified, involving both cognitive and non‐cognitive facets. However, limited has been done in exploring the non‐cognitive factors, and even less at the primary education level.ObjectiveTo address this gap, this study bridged CT with personality in the primary school context, and more importantly, it proposed a mediator in the personality‐CT relationship that is, attitudinal beliefs, which are amenable to change, thereby allowing further support for nurturing the traits.MethodBased on the Big Five model of personality, standard tests were administered to a sample of 434 primary school students (ages 8–11), and data were analysed using structural equation modelling via Mplus. To improve the robustness of the results, control variables (i.e., demographic features, coding experience) were added to the research model, and a bootstrap approach with 5000 resamples was used to examine the mediating effect.Result and ConclusionFindings demonstrated that Conscientiousness had a positive effect on CT, and attitudinal beliefs mediated the effect of Open‐mindedness (positive) and Negative Emotionality (negative) on CT. The study contributes to the literature by enriching the CT network with non‐intellectual components and unravelling the mechanism of CT regarding how disposition traits turn into learning performance. The results implicate practitioners on the importance of encouraging conscientious behaviours and nurturing positive attitudinal beliefs in CT primary education.

The behaviour of FinTech users in the Alipay Ant Forest platform towards environmental protection

Users engaging in digital environmental initiatives is a complex phenomenon, and this study used mixed methods research to understand it. The primary aim of this study was to qualitatively analyse Alipay Ant Forest users’ behaviour by developing a thematic analysis of digital environmental protection initiatives via the Alipay Ant Forest platform. The additional analysis used a quantitative technique approach to supplement the qualitative findings. The study conducted phone interviews via WeChat involving 30 Alipay users to inquire about their environmental beliefs through the scope of the theory of planned behaviour to explain their motivations for environmental protection. Attitudinal belief contributed the most, followed by subjective norms and perceived self-control. Behaviour after use shows that most users recommend FinTech to others. Additional analysis using quantitative techniques showed that age positively influenced the government’s proactive engagement. Younger female FinTech users are likely to engage in environmental protection proactively. This study focused on the Ant Forest mobile service application in the Chinese context, and future research can examine similar mobile service applications used in other countries with different societal cultures that promote environmental protection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using mixed methods research to examine Ant FinTech mobile service application’s impact on its users towards environmental protection.

Factors Influencing Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccine Decision-Making in the Post-ICU Period: A Secondary Analysis

The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines exposed volatility and hesitancy around vaccines. Some health care models, including ICU recovery clinics (ICU-RCs), are structured to provide vaccine counseling. However, information regarding provider and patient vaccine conversations is limited in this postacute setting. What factors influence the decision-making process of patients who have survived an ICU stay surrounding influenza and COVID-19 vaccination? To understand further vaccine perceptions after critical illness, a secondary qualitative thematic analysis was performed using transcripts from a randomized controlled trial designed to develop and refine a telemedicine approach to ICU recovery. Thirty-three ICU-RC visits with 19 adult patients and 13 caregivers were conducted within 12 weeks of hospital discharge. The analysis was guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Five themes were elicited from the data. The first four themes arose from the TPB: (1) behavioral and attitudinal beliefs (not being susceptible to the flu, concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine causing fertility issues, and not being tested enough), (2) normative beliefs (everyone they know is getting the influenza vaccine so they are, too), (3) control vaccine beliefs (patients are more likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine if it is easy to obtain), and (4) intention to vaccinate. Another theme not related to the TPB arose and could contribute to vaccine intent and behavior: (5) health team engagement with patients and caregivers (allowing for ICU clinicians to correct vaccine misinformation in real time). Using the information learned in our study, the period after critical illness or other acute illness events may be an especially fruitful target for designing an action plan for improving public trust in vaccines and improving overall completion rates; however, further research is needed. ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03926533; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Whistleblowing in small and large accounting firms in Brazil

Organizations must constantly try to prevent losses resulting from unforeseen events and fraud. Whistleblowing has emerged as the most efficient mechanism for detecting such risks, but this phenomenon has not yet been studied in SMEs. This research seeks to analyze the relationships between attitudinal, normative, and control beliefs on the whistleblowing of accounting professionals, contrasting the behavior between small and large accounting firms from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior. By using the structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method on a sample of 559 Brazilian accounting professionals, the analysis shows that an individual’s perceptions and characteristics influence their whistleblowing practices depending on firm size. SME accountants are directly and negatively influenced by family management and control beliefs, but are positively influenced by the moderation of attitudinal beliefs and by the risks of the scenario.

Acceptance of technology related to healthcare among older Korean adults in rural areas: A mixed-method study

Many older adults find it difficult to accept new forms of information and communication technology (ICT), despite its advantages such as convenience and efficiency. It is necessary to identify the reasons for low ICT use among older people—even among those with positive attitudes toward ICT—to help older adults cope with social changes and bridge the digital divide. This study explored technology acceptance and related factors among older Korean adults living in rural areas. Based on an existing model (the senior technology acceptance model), a new conceptual framework for technology acceptance was proposed, and the framework was tested using pathway analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three focus groups (n = 15), and a survey questionnaire was administered to older Korean adults living in a rural area (n = 233) from 17 January 2021 to 18 February 2021. Qualitative data were analyzed using directed content analysis, and quantitative data were analyzed using pathway analysis. Four categories, 11 subcategories, and 18 codes were identified, and a new conceptual framework was proposed based on the qualitative findings. The results of the model revealed significant positive direct paths from external controls (β = 0.45, p < .001), attitudinal beliefs (β = 0.33, p < .001), and cognitive health (β = 0.10, p = .040) to internal abilities. It is necessary to develop and apply a targeted and tailored ICT education program to improve self-efficacy and reduce anxiety regarding technology use among older Korean adults living in rural areas.

Intention to use robotic exoskeletons by older people: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach

Robotic exoskeletons have the potential to compensate for age-related declines in muscle strength and physical performance. The previous research on exoskeletons' acceptability mostly relies on symmetrical-based approaches, which ignore the asymmetrical relationship between antecedents. Drawing on configuration theory and the Senior Technology Acceptance Model, this study intends to bring together fragmented views of acceptance literature by examining how technology perception (attitudinal beliefs and technology anxiety), subjective health (self-reported quality of life and perceptions of aging), and functional health (muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass, and physical performance) combine as configurations in explaining older adults’ intention to use exoskeletons. A questionnaire survey and laboratory physical tests were used for data collection. Data from 91 community-dwelling older individuals were analyzed using a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The intention to use exoskeletons is explained by five configurational patterns. Findings support the necessity of attitudinal beliefs for intention to use. This study takes a unique methodological approach from a configurational standpoint, adding to the existing robotics literature. Results show that the presence or absence of the same antecedent conditions (e.g., exoskeleton anxiety and physical performance) may generate behavioral intention depending on how they are combined with other causative antecedents.

Progress on novelty in tourism: An integration of personality, attitudinal and emotional theoretical foundations

Novelty is often depicted as the essence of travelling and is gaining attention in the tourism literature. However, the understanding of novelty is diverse, with multiple theoretical perspectives and a lack of consensus regarding its definition and conceptualisation. This study integrates different theoretical perspectives and presents an extended analysis of the progress of novelty in tourism, both chronologically and thematically. The findings indicate three thematic clusters categorised based on the core of novelty, its antecedents, and consequences, evolving through different time periods. The results show that the core is mostly based on emotional appraisal attributes, is influenced by novelty-seeking personality traits, and can drive consequences including tourist satisfaction, loyalty, and value. Future research can explore an integrated theoretical perspective based on defining novelty in tourism as an attitudinal belief with varying degrees of valence, extremity, and arousal in the evaluative space, which connects novelty to other relevant antecedents and consequences.

Bringing a background variable into focus: a multimethod investigation of IT security climate’s influence on elicited IT security beliefs

PurposeIT security breaches plague organizations worldwide, yet there continues to be a paucity of comprehensive research models for protective technologies. This study aims to develop an IT security user behavior model focusing on the protective technology anti-spyware which includes organizational climate, a theory of planned behavior (TPB) background variable and elicited salient user beliefs.Design/methodology/approachA multimethod approach, including interviews and a survey, is used to elicit salient user beliefs and test hypotheses of the influences of perceived IT security climate on those user beliefs and ultimately user behavioral intentions. Primary data were collected through interviews following the prescribed TPB methodology and an offline survey method with 254 valid responses recorded. Partial least squares was used to investigate the hypotheses.FindingsThe authors found that attitudinal beliefs – protecting organizational interests for data/privacy, preventing disruptions to work and control beliefs – monetary resources and time constraints mediate significant relationships between IT security climate and attitude and perceived behavioral control, respectively. Implications are discussed.Originality/valueThis study is the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, that uses both interviews and a survey to examine the relationships among IT security climate, elicited user beliefs and behavioral intentions in a TPB-based model for a protective technology.

Effects of social influence and implementation climate and leadership on nurse-led early mobility behaviours in critical care

IntroductionEarly mobility (EM), initiating and advancing physical activity in the earliest days of critical illness, has been described as the most difficult component of the ABCDEF bundle to implement and...

Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults\u2019 use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study

BackgroundMost diagnosed oral cancer cases in Saudi Arabia are in the Jazan region. A common type of smokeless tobacco "Shammah" is prevalent in this region. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the possible psychosocial determinants of Shammah consumption among adult Shammah users in Jazan region.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted by means of one-on-one interviews among thirty adult Shammah users. Participants were recruited by means of a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide utilizing face-to-face and phone-call interviews. Thematic analysis with hybrid approach was used to analyze the dataset.ResultsTwenty-four sub-codes within four overarching themes were generated. Participants revealed uncertainty related to Shammah composition, how to quit knowledge and Shammah prevention/cessation programs. Shammah use identified as a normal phenomenon in society. Its use was frequently reported in participants’ close network but most users faced family and peers’ disapproval. Some users expressed joy, happiness and focused when using Shammah. Others were disgusted or neutral. Many users believed Shammah causes cancer and tears oral tissues. Others believed it relieves toothache or has no effect. Majority of users were confident to quit and recalled some quitting aids. Toothache, craving, drinking tea and chewing Khat (leaves of Catha edulis plant that causes moderate euphoria) perceived to be triggers to use Shammah. Availability of Shammah, withdrawal symptoms, stress, lack of support, seeing others using Shammah, losing part of routine and toothache were barriers to quit.ConclusionsShammah use was associated with uncertainty about Shammah composition and quitting knowledge, social acceptability, influence from family/friends, a range of positive and negative attitudinal beliefs toward its use and high quitting efficacy beliefs. Future interventions targeting Shammah should address the acknowledged triggers and barriers in the present study including the dual use of Shammah and Khat.

Value of normative belief in intention to use workplace health promotion apps

BackgroundMobile applications (apps) have started to be used for workplace health promotion (WHP). However, the factors that lead to the usage of apps in the workplace from the end-user perspective remain unclear.MethodsTo investigate the research gap, the study evaluates a model for the adoption of WHP apps by combining the theory of planned behavior, the health belief model, and the technology acceptance model. A self-administered questionnaire with validated scales among 354 participants was used to evaluate the proposed model for WHP.ResultsAlthough the study indicated a limited overall model fit, interesting aspects were derived. In particular, the study demonstrated that normative belief (especially), perceived usefulness, and attitudinal belief play important roles in the intention to use WHP apps.ConclusionThe study is among the first to validate the theoretical models of mHealth adoption for WHP. Moreover, it shows that not only normative belief but also adjustment to several target groups is a necessary factor to be considered in the development and implementation of an app for WHP.