Authoritarian Attitudes Research Articles

A Democratic Dilemma: Racial Attitudes, Authoritarianism, and Whites’ Evaluation of Minority Legislators

The United States prides itself on its immigrant heritage and diversity, yet historically, minority advancements have faced opposition and violence. Little scholarship exists on how whites evaluate minority representation when represented by a minority in a legislative chamber. Prior research suggests that diversity may trigger negative racial and authoritarian attitudes among whites. Given recent political events in the United States and increases in the number of racial minorities running for and winning political office, we investigate white responses to minority representation in the United States Congress. Using the 2022 CES data, we examine how racial and authoritarian attitudes predict whites’ evaluations of Minority House Members. We expand beyond the Black and white binary to include whites’ evaluations of Hispanic legislators and broaden the study of racial attitudes beyond the Racial Resentment index. Our findings demonstrate that whites’ evaluations of minority legislators are linked to racial attitudes and endorsements of policy-based authoritarianism, varying by the representative’s race. White respondents who are in districts that are not represented by a Black or Hispanic legislator exemplify higher levels of racial resentment, disagree that whites have advantages, and agree that racial problems are rare. They also support more authoritarian policies than in districts represented by a Black Representative. White respondents’ approval of minority legislators relies on authoritarian policies and racial attitudes when the member of Congress is Black or Hispanic. In these districts, white respondents who disapprove of their Congressmember have more racial resentment, disagree that whites have advantages, and support more authoritarian policies than white respondents who approve of their Congressmember. This research provides insights into the complexities of minority political representation and its connection to policy-based authoritarianism, as well as its implications for American democracy.

The Indonesian Film Industry: Representation Of Toxic Masculinity In The Film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap

This study explores the representation of toxic masculinity in the film ”Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap”, as exemplified by the character Mr. Domu, the patriarch of a Batak family. His behavior mirrors the patriarchal structure embedded within his family dynamics. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing John Fiske’s semiotic analysis, which is structured into three levels: the Level of Reality (focusing on behavior and expression), the Level of Representation (analyzing camera shots and lighting), and the Level of Ideology (uncovering underlying ideological messages). Data was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. Through semiotic analysis, the study reveals both verbal and non-verbal signs, such as the characters' behaviors, expressions, and dialogues within the film. Toxic masculinity in Mr. Domu manifests in various ways, including his stubbornness, insistence on appearing strong, authoritarian attitude, refusal to be contradicted, and obsession with achieving high social status to earn respect. He also enforces emotional suppression, such as prohibiting expressions of sadness or crying, especially in front of his family. These behaviors are indicative of the harmful aspects of masculinity that are often misinterpreted, misused, and imposed upon others. Moreover, the film highlights an ideology of individualism, which tends to disregard the needs and desires of others.

Exploring the Extremes: The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Populism on Conspiracy Beliefs in Austria

(1) Background: Populist radical right-wing parties and politicians have used conspiracy theories to perpetuate the antagonism between an evil elite conspiring against the good and unknowing people. Yet, less is known about whether and to what extent radical right-wing populism at the individual level is associated with different conspiracy beliefs. This analysis explores how the main components of radical right-wing populism—populist, nativist, and authoritarian attitudes—relate to both a general conspiracy mentality and specific conspiracy theories prevalent in political discourse. (2) Methods: Using data from an original 2023 online survey conducted in Austria, a stronghold of the populist radical right, this study includes new questions on immigration, COVID-19, and climate change, as well as a conspiracy mentality scale. (3) Results: The analyses reveal that all the main components are positively associated with different conspiracy beliefs, albeit to varying degrees. Across models, the strongest predictor is populism, followed by nativism and authoritarianism. Nativism varies the most across different conspiracy beliefs and is particularly associated with the belief in conspiracy theories related to immigration and climate change. (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the prevalence of radical right-wing populist attitudes across various conspiracy beliefs, reflecting how populist radical right-wing actors leverage conspiracy theories in their political discourse.

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ ПЛАНУВАННЯ ЯК ОСНОВА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The hospitality industry, which is experiencing a crisis in Ukraine, today needs transformation and greening of its own activities. The implementation of environmental responsibility of hospitality service providers is not just a condition for their competitiveness, but opens up a wide range of directions for the development of industry enterprises in future. The purpose of the research: to analyze the existing documents of medium and long-term planning at the regional level on individual examples, to determine promising directions for the formation of environmental responsibility of enterprises in the hospitality industry. The subject of the study: practical experience of planning and implementation of environmental responsibility among hospitality service providers at the regional level. Research methods: in the research process, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely abstraction, induction and deduction, analogy and qualitative comparison, analysis of causes and consequences. Research hypothesis: the only way to ensure environmental responsibility in the field of hospitality is a conscious attitude of regional authorities and owners of enterprises providing hospitality services to existing environmental problems. The main results of the research: the analysis of publications by domestic and foreign scientists, as well as strategic and programmatic documents of regional development in Ukraine allowed to draw conclusions about the state of social responsibility in the western and eastern regions, determining that most documents lack any measures regarding the environmental responsibility of service providers hospitality Originality and practical significance of the study: the proposed tree of goals for framework development strategy of environmental responsibility is an unified tool that can be detailed according to the stage of development and financial capacity of hospitality establishments. Conclusions: the proposals presented in the course of the study regarding the formation of environmental responsibility of hospitality service providers are appropriate according to the current situation and can be used to overcome the systemic crisis in the industry, to develop its competitiveness for attraction a new domestic and foreign consumers

The Appropriation of Religiousity in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential

Religious appropriation is a phenomenon that is continually reproduced in every electoral contestation. However, this context has not been discussed comprehensively in previous studies. In addition to responding to the shortcomings of previous studies, this study also focuses on explaining the characteristics, factors, and latent dangers of religious appropriation that occured in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. This study reveals three important findings regarding the religious appropriation in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. First, religious appropriation frequently manifests in the context of doctrine, language, and religious behaviors expressed outside the values and norms of religion. Second, cultural, spiritual, and structural factors have dominantly influenced the occurance of religious appropriation in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. Third, the latent dangers of religious appropriation in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election often leads to intolerance, polarization, and persecution against religious communities even after the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. This study also recommends the importance of further studies that explain the attitudes of both formal and informal authorities in responding to religious appropriation in political contestation by conducting intensive interviews.

Authoritarian Demand in East‐Central Europe Post‐Pandemic and Amid Neighbouring War

Recent years have witnessed a noticeable democratic decline worldwide, revealing a tendency of voters to elect leaders with authoritarian tendencies. In East-Central European countries, authoritarian attitudes reached unprecedented heights since their accession to the EU. Existing academic literature highlights key drivers of support for authoritarianism in this region of the continent, including anti-elite sentiments, political anxiety, economic threat, and perceived injustice. However, there is little scientific evidence related to the strength of these variables in a post-pandemic context and amid a neighbouring war. Drawing on original public opinion data collected in Poland, Hungary, and Romania, the current study identifies the main driving forces behind public demand for authoritarianism in these countries. The article develops a comparative perspective and thus contributes to a nuanced comprehension of the resurgence of authoritarianism in this part of the world.

Do wars abroad affect attitudes at home?

Can foreign conflicts affect attitudes in nonbelligerent countries? A large literature studies the effects of conflicts and wars on countries that are directly involved, without considering the potential consequences for other nonbelligerent countries that might nevertheless be threatened. To address this question, we examine how the Russian invasion of Ukraine affected 12 economic and political attitudes using survey data covering eight European countries. We use a natural experiment whereby the timing of the invasion overlapped with the fieldwork of a cross-national individual-level survey in these eight countries. We find that the war increased support for democracy, redistribution, support for Europe, and immigration, while it reduced authoritarian attitudes. Our findings highlight the impact of foreign conflicts on a wide range of attitudes in countries that are externally threatened, but neither directly involved militarily, nor necessarily very close to the conflict.

Parenting Attitudes and Attributional Style in the First Secondary School Students of kazeron City

Objectives: One of the most important factors affecting the psychological and educational performance of students is the documentation style. Parenting has a significant effect on the attributional style of students. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between fathers’ parenting attitudes (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and attributional style (internality (locus), stability, globality) in high school students. Results: The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between authoritative attitude and the dimension of totality and internality (locus), and there is also a negative and significant relationship between the parenting attitude of authoritarian and the dimension of stability in a negative situation (p<0.001). There is no significant relationship between authoritarian parenting attitude and general dimensions and internality (locus), and a positive and significant relationship has been observed between authoritarian attitude and the style of sustainability documents in a negative situation (p<0.001). There is a significant relationship between the permissive attitude and general attribution styles, internality (locus) and stability control (positive situation) (p<0.001). Similarly, there is no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of parenting attitudes (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive). Conclusion: It seems that there is a significant relationship between the two parenting attitudes of authoritative and permissive of fathers with the attribution styles (internality (locus), stability, globality) of students.

Why Women Get Divorced in Bangladesh: Exploring Individualism and Other Factors

Globally, marriage breakup or divorce has become a significant issue, and Bangladesh is no exception. The divorce rate among urban women has dramatically increased in Bangladesh, particularly in Dhaka City. This study aims to uncover the factors contributing to the rising divorce rate among women in Dhaka. Utilizing desk-based research and expert interviews, it critically examines the causes of marriage breakdown. The study argues that industrialization, women's empowerment, and feminist movements have fostered a rise in individualism among women in Dhaka, making them more educated and empowered compared to those in other Bangladeshi cities. This individualism serves as a deterrent against physical and mental abuse, extramarital affairs, authoritarian attitudes, and other forms of discrimination traditionally faced by women. Women's sense of individualism also fosters intolerance toward unhappy marriages, allowing them to pursue independent lives due to their financial solvency. Additionally, the study identifies other factors negatively impacting divorce-seeking behavior, including drug addiction, marital dissatisfaction over infertility or impotence, extramarital affairs due to partner absence, and the influence of social media.

The effects of communicating climate change threat: mobilizing anger and authoritarian affect displacement

ABSTRACT Research on climate change communication has made important contributions to our understanding of how to effectively inform and mobilize the public for climate action and yet open questions remain, not least because existing results are at times inconclusive or incomplete. The climate crisis poses an existential threat. But what effect does communicating that threat have? To what degree can communicating the threat invoke anger and how does anger interact with individual values predispositions? In this study, we conducted a survey experiment (N = 570) to better understand effects of communicating climate change threat. We find that exposure to climate change threat makes people angrier, and anger makes them more willing to act on climate change mitigation, confirming previous findings. However, our study adds a novel insight, the findings do not apply to people with authoritarian predispositions. They display lower levels of anger and willingness to act, while exposure to climate change threat results in increased authoritarian attitudes. This suggests that climate change threat can lead to affect displacement in people with authoritarian predispositions, where anger (typically directed at those in power, who have failed to tackle climate change) is redirected at non-conforming groups.

Like mama always said: family socio-economic status, maternal attitudes and leader role occupancy in adulthood

Leadership research has always recognised the importance of childhood factors for the occupation of formal or informal leader positions later in life. Still, empirical research in the field has mainly been based on retrospective accounts from selective and small samples. Such research has also concentrated on individual traits and experiences, less on characteristics of the family. Our aim is to fill this void by prospectively examining the role of the family of origin on educational attainment and holding a managerial position in adulthood. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Multigenerational Study, including register and survey data, regarding 3,088 males born between 1950 and 1976 and their mothers’ attitudes to education and child-rearing in the late 1960s. Our results showed a significant effect of family socio-economic status (SES) on managerial role occupancy in late adulthood. This effect was mainly mediated through educational level. However, a noteworthy share of the total effect of family SES was channelled through maternal attitudes towards education. Positive attitudes towards education in the home environment accounted for an equally large share of the total indirect effect of family SES as the offspring’s cognitive capacity did. Authoritarian attitudes to child-rearing among mothers were also found to have a negative impact on cognitive capacity and educational level – two well-known antecedents to leader emergence. Parental attitudes may boost or modify structural characteristics and individual traits associated with holding formal leader roles such as a managerial position – but also showed an independent effect several decades later.

Representasi Father Involvement Dalam Film Stranger Things Season 2

The image of masculinity positioning fathers as central figures in earning a living has implications for the lack of paternal involvement in child-rearing, known as fatherlessness or daddy issues. This research uses the film “Stranger Things” (2017) to provide insights into how father involvement is represented. The study aims to understand how elements of father involvement are depicted in the film “Stranger Things” (2017). The research employs Roland Barthes’ semiotic analysis method, which examines the significance of denotation and connotation. The results show that aspects of father involvement represented in the film are divided into four indicators: (1) authoritarian attitude, (2) portrayal of feminist men, (3) role model for children, and (4) temperamental nature. Thus, it can be concluded that father’s involvement in child-rearing can open new windows into breaking the boundaries of the image of masculinity in societal reality.

Faktor-Faktor Pendidikan Dalam Pandangan Al-Qur’an dan Hadis

This paper aims to determine educational factors from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Several factors in education are Human Factors, Educator Factors, Student Factors, Islamic Education Material and Method Factors, Learning Media Factors. This research uses a library research method. Literature review is a research technique by conducting searches regarding the concept of Islamic Education factors in terms of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Literature reviews are an important tool in contact reviews because literature is very useful and helps provide context and meaning to the writing that is being written. One of the educational factors reviewed from the Al-Qur'an is the human factor, which includes; can be caused by a leader, especially because of his leadership style, personnel who try to maintain rigid rules and arise because of individual personality traits, namely egoistic, temperamental, fanatical and authoritarian attitudes. Then the educational factor that is viewed from the Hadith is the parental education factor, where education in the family is the first and main education for children. Meanwhile, parents are the leaders of the family who are responsible for the safety of their children both in this world and in the afterlife, because children are not born but are born in a state of nature. So parents are obliged to educate their children. Children follow the example of their family members, their father, their mother or their siblings, so parents in the family must pay attention to their children and educate them. Parents are interested in the progress and development of their children, people always hope that their sons and daughters will be better than their parents.

Interreligious Dialogue: the Actual Meaning, Typology and Features of the Post-Soviet Space

The article presents the authors’ thoughts on the reasons for the growing role of the religious factor in modern international relations, and the risks associated with the politicization of religions. It is concluded that religious diversity and at the same time the commonality of basic values directly correlate with the emerging multipolarity of the modern world. It is noted that against the backdrop of the crisis of the Western liberal order and neoliberal ideology, religion and its institutions have become symbols of new fundamentalism, that is, an ideology that calls for a return to the foundations of faith and one’s worldview and culture. The growing role of religion as an institution of civil society and the need to make this institution stronger, to integrate it into civil society and into the system of patriotic education are noted. A classification of types of interreligious dialogue (polemical, cognitive, peacemaking, partnership) and levels of interreligious dialogue (high, medium, low) is presented. The specifics of interreligious dialogue in the post-Soviet space and the features of post-Soviet religious and political identity, the new attitude of political authorities to the institutions of faith are determined: the desire to integrate them into the social structure of society and into social policy. A brief description of interreligious dialogue in the USSR and in the post-Soviet period is given. The prospects for the development of ethno-confessional relations in the post-Soviet space are considered. Recommendations are given for the development of interreligious dialogue at the present stage.

Intimate Partner Violence During Lockdown: The Potent Influence of Stress and Authoritarian Beliefs.

COVID-19 pandemic caused several lockdowns in most countries, enclosing together perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Our study investigates psychological mechanisms associated with IPV. We supposed that stress provoked by the pandemic, as well as adhering to authoritarian beliefs will be a predictor of IPV. Using an online questionnaire, 1,659 individuals indicated whether they had been victim or witnessed IPV at home and filled a perceived stress scale, anxiety, depression, and aggressiveness scales. They were also asked to fill an authoritarianism scale, how they cope with the lockdown situations, and some demographical information. We found that individuals who were victims or witnesses of IPV during the COVID-19 lockdowns tended to have more difficulty isolating at home or to hold stronger authoritarian beliefs. Importantly, the association between authoritarian beliefs and IPV was moderated by perceived stress, suggesting that individuals who hold authoritarian views may be more affected by stress, which could increase the risk of experiencing or witnessing IPV. IPV incidents during the pandemic lockdowns may be partially explained by perceived stress, which is amplified by authoritarian attitudes. Further discussions on the causes of IPV and interventions are suggested.

Who cares? How personal political characteristics are related to online counteractions against hate speech

Abstract Although many Internet users have encountered hate speech online, interventions against those incidents are unlikely. To learn more about online counteractions against hate speech, which we conceptualize as a form of online civic participation, we conducted an online survey representing adult German Internet users (N = 2,691). We investigated what distinguishes users who intervene against hate speech, focusing on associations between citizens’ prior counteractions and their personal political characteristics, their attributed responsibility for intervening against hate speech to social and political actors, and their institutional trust. Results indicate that especially Internet users’ personal political characteristics (e.g., internal political efficacy, political opinion leadership) as well as trust in regulative political institutions are positively associated with counteracting against online hate speech. While social media use and previous experience with counteractions increased the likelihood of users counteracting against hate speech, authoritarian attitudes and attributing responsibility for intervening to platform operators decreased it.

Putin’s Dilemma: Russia and the Slavic Dimension of NATO Enlargement

Abstract The potential weaponization of Slavdom is a poorly researched topic in the literature on hybrid warfare, despite the Slavic dimension of NATO after several rounds of enlargement. Part of the reason is the traditionally reserved attitude of Russian authorities to the Slavic idea, which runs counter to the idealized supranational character of Russia and can incite domestic ethnic populism. Even though Moscow has not used this instrument so far, the historical record shows that it could do so at a later stage if its very existence is at stake. The instrumentalization of Slavic identity therefore requires attention, not only as an impending threat, but also as a potential catalyst for change on the Russian side.

Cyber bullying and victims among adolescents depending on perceived parental attitudes

Being a cyberbully and being a cyber victim is a common problem that negatively affects the lives and psychological well-being of children and young people. This situation arises with the increase in internet usage. Being a cyber bully and being a cyber victim negatively affects the psychosocial development of children and adolescents. Family environment, parental behavioral attitudes and various factors play an important role in adolescents' involvement in cyber aggression and cyber victimization. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationships between perceived parental attitudes (democratic, authoritarian, protective and permissive) and cyber bullying (cyber aggression-victimization) in adolescents. These relationships were investigated by taking into account demographic variables such as gender, age, grade level, and own internet usage time. Materials and Methods: The sample of the research consists of 125 high school students between the ages of 14-18 studying at a private high school in Istanbul. Data were collected from students in the classroom using the survey method. As a data collection tool in the research; Personal Information Form, Parental Attitudes Scale and Cyberbullying Scale were used. IBM SPSS Statistic Base 25.0 was used to analyze the data collected in the study. The following analyses, respectively; descriptive, reliability, normality and Pearson Correlation were performed. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it was determined that there was a positive and moderate relationship between the characteristics of parents having a permissive attitude (r: 0.365 p: 0.000) and having an authoritarian attitude and the students' exposure to cyber bullying (r: 0.334 p: 0.000). However, it was determined that there was a negative and moderate relationship (r: -0.552 p: 0.000) between parents' democratic attitudes and students' exposure to cyberbullying. Results: According to the results of the research, students' exposure to cyberbullying behavior will increase when they are faced with authoritarian and permissive parental attitudes, and the exposure to cyberbullying behavior will decrease in children of parents whose internet usage time is controlled and who have democratic attitudes.

Men’s attitude towards wife-beating: understanding the pattern and trend in India

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe human rights violation and a global burden on public health. Wife-beating is a form of IPV and an extension of the patriarchal philosophy that legitimizes men’s control over their spouses. This study investigates (a) the trends and patterns of men’s attitudes towards justification of wife-beating and (b) the socio-demographic factors associated with changes in men’s attitudes towards wife-beating between 2005–06 and 2019–21 in India.MethodsThe present study utilized data from the last three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS): NFHS-3 (2005–06), NFHS-4 (2015–16), and NFHS-5 (2019–21) with a total sample of 2,76,672 men aged 15–54. The primary outcome variable was men’s attitudes toward wife-beating. Attitude towards the household and the sexual autonomy of the wife were the two key predictors, in addition to other structural factors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on weighted data using Stata. Hosmer–Lemeshow test, Classification table, and ROC curve were carried out to enhance the robustness of the analysis and validity of the model.ResultsIn 2005–06, 50% of men justified wife-beating in at least one of the seven contexts, which reduced to 42% in 2015–16 and then marginally increased to 44% in 2019–21. Men with an authoritarian attitude toward household autonomy (AOR: 2.34; CI: 2.30,2.38) and sexual autonomy of the wife (AOR: 1.68; CI: 1.65,1.71) were more likely to justify wife-beating than their egalitarian counterparts. Inadequate education, younger age, family history of IPV, alcohol consumption, poverty, and rural settings are associated with an elevated risk of abusive attitudes towards wife-beating.ConclusionA sizable percentage of men, more so those socio-economically marginalized, continue to justify wife-beating, albeit with considerable decline over the years. The findings suggest customized policies and programs enhancing gender egalitarian norms among young men, more opportunities to pursue higher education, alleviating poverty through employment opportunities, and raising awareness about domestic violence in rural settings would help develop more egalitarian gender norms and attitudes towards wife-beating.

How important are family issues politically? Public opinion in the context of economic and cultural political cleavages

ABSTRACT How politically important are family issues to voters overall and in the context of economic and cultural political opinion cleavages? We use data from the 2014 New Zealand Election Study to answer these questions. More than 60% of respondents claim that family issues – generally defined – were ‘somewhat’ or ‘very important’ when deciding whom to vote for in the 2014 elections, suggesting that family issues are viewed as politically significant. Many respondents have clear political issues in mind when it comes to family and there is a strong connection between believing family issues are important and holding more economic left-wing attitudes and cultural authoritarian attitudes. Qualitatively, there is strong agreement on the main family issues of importance among those who argue that their vote was influenced by family issues, with education and healthcare defined as the most important. However, crucial differences in the most commonly listed family issues occur between citizens depending on their positions on the economic and cultural left-right dimensions. Arguably, the relative importance of family issues opens a unique cross-cutting view into the socioeconomics of vote choice.