Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model Research Articles

Determinants of Dietary Adherence Among Chinese Patients After Bariatric Surgery Based on the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model.

To explore main determinants of dietary adherence among Chinese patients after bariatric surgery based on the Attitude-Social influence-Efficacy (ASE) model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using convenience sampling method to select 288 participants in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu, China. General information and disease-related information were collected as well as applying the Dietary Adherence Scale after Bariatric Surgery (DASBS) and Attitude-Social influence-Efficacy Questionnaire after Bariatric Surgery (ASEQBS). Univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis were used to identify determinants of dietary adherence among patients after bariatric surgery. A total of 288 questionnaires were effectively collected. The mean DASBS score was 54.90 ± 10.08 among post-bariatric patients. Univariate analysis results showed that education level, time since surgery, smoking, exercise, participation in peer support groups, and participation in nutrition counseling had significant effects on postoperative diet adherence level of patients (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that the total score of dietary adherence was positively correlated with the total score of intention, attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy, and the correlation coefficients were 0.511, 0.550, 0.460, and 0.484, respectively (P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that time since surgery, attitude, intention, social influence, exercise, and self-efficacy entered the regression equation (P < 0.05). The standardized regression coefficients of attitude and intention are 0.237 and 0.196, respectively. The regression model could explain 44.0% of the total variation. The dietary adherence of Chinese post-bariatric patients is at an upper-middle level, which needs to be further improved. Time since surgery, exercise, intention, attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy had significant effects on patients' dietary adherence. Attitude had the greatest effect on dietary adherence, followed by intention. The results shed light on that these factors should be emphasized to take personalized intervention strategy in designing dietary intervention program, in order to improve the patient's dietary adherence and surgical outcomes.

Effects of an Experiential Learning Activities-Focused Smoking Prevention Program in Elementary School Students: On the Basis of the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model

Effects of an Experiential Learning Activities-Focused Smoking Prevention Program in Elementary School Students: On the Basis of the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model

Factors in cyber bullying: the attitude-social influence-efficacy model

&lt;p&gt;This study examines the correlation between risk perception, knowledge, social influence, self-efficacy, and cyber bullying behavior from the perspective of the attitude-social influence-efficacy model. The samples in this survey are adolescents who have had cyber bullying behavior or have witnessed their peers’ cyber bullying behavior. The results showed that attitude towards cyber bullying affected cyber bullying intention, and that intention also influenced cyber bullying behavior. Social influence also had an impact on cyber bullying intention and cyber bullying behavior. In fact, intention was a mediator between attitude and behavior, as well as between social influence and behavior. &lt;/p&gt;

Intention to family Takaful adoption: A review theory and empirical work

The aim of this paper is to review intention behaviour theories to identify relevant theoretical model for the intentions of adoption of family Takaful. In this paper different intention behaviour theories including Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model (ASE), Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), and Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) have been discussed. Family Takaful companies face stiff competition from conventional life insurance companies and family Takaful companies have low market share around the globe as compared to conventional life insurance. This problem needs to be addressed and researched on and the question of what may drive individuals to adopt family Takaful needs to be addressed and explored. The significance of this paper stems from the fact that marketing strategy of any organization has a pivotal role in success of any brand. Family Takaful companies need to know and understand the factors which influence individual’s intention to purchase family Takaful. In this paper most appropriate theoretical model is proposed after discussing the relevant intention behaviour theories in order to develop understanding of factors relevant to adoption of family Takaful. This understanding will lead to devise effective marketing strategies, competitive advantage, and greater market share for family Takaful companies.

Substance use prevention program for adolescents with intellectual disabilities on special education schools: a cluster randomised control trial.

Students without intellectual disability (ID) start experimenting with tobacco and alcohol between 12 and 15 years of age. However, data for 12- to 15-year old students with ID are unavailable. Prevention programs, like 'PREPARED ON TIME' (based on the attitude-social influence-efficacy model), are successful, but their efficacy has not been studied in students with ID. The objectives of this study were (1) to undertake a cluster randomised control trial to test the efficacy of the e-learning program among 12- to 15-year old students with mild and borderline ID in secondary special-needs schools and (2) to examine the tobacco and alcohol use for this population. Five schools, randomly selected to be part of either the experimental group or the control group, participated in this study. Passive informed consent was used in which parents and their children can refuse to participate in the study, resulting in 111 students in the experimental group and 143 students in the control group. A total of 210 students completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Primary outcome variables are the knowledge and attitude towards alcohol and tobacco use. This study is registered in the ISRCTN registry with number ISRCTN95279686. Baseline findings showed that a large proportion of all respondents had initiated smoking (49%) and drinking (75%), well above the expected numbers based on national figures. 'PREPARED ON TIME' did not affect the behavioural determinants (i.e. attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy), except modelling on smoking. Additionally, alcohol-related knowledge of students in the experimental group increased after the completion of the program. To obtain effective results on behavioural outcomes from 'PREPARED ON TIME', a greater degree of flexibility (i.e. repetition, extension of the program, role playing, etc.) is required. Furthermore, prevention needs to be implemented at a younger age, as 6% of the students tried their first cigarette and 15% of the students drank alcohol at the age of 10 years or younger.

A conceptual model of patient-professional communication as a self-management skill: A latent growth change modeling

BackgroundPatient Communication with healthcare professionals is an integral self-management skill. Yet the underlying mechanisms explaining how such communication might be enhanced across time have not been well studied. ObjectivesBased on the transtheoretical model, the study aimed to develop an across-time Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy model in order to explain changes in participants' patient-professional communication behaviors in the Chronic Disease Self-management Program (CDSMP). Readiness-to-change construct was hypothesized to be the overall predictors of psychological and behavioral parameters. It was hypothesized that social norm and attitude toward behaviors would be the indirect predictors of communication behavior. MethodsOne hundred and thirty-six Chinese participants with chronic diseases underwent a 6-week CDSMP. Their attitude toward behavior, self-efficacy, social norm, readiness to change and communication behavior were obtained at 1st, 4th and 6th week of the structured program. ResultsA modified latent growth change curve model yielded satisfactory model fit (χ2/df = 1.32; RMSEA = 0.063 (90% CI = 0.018–0.96)). The results showed that readiness to change had a positive influence on attitude and self-efficacy. Both attitude and social norm positively affected self-efficacy. Attitude and self-efficacy in turn positively influenced communication behavior at the beginning of the program. Across 6 weeks, self-efficacy imposed a negative influence on communication behavior while social norm exerted a positive influence on the behavior. ConclusionThis study revealed possible underlying mechanisms influencing CDSMP participants' communication with professionals. The results could shed light on further improvement of the structured program.

Application of the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy Model to Condom Use Among African-American STD Clinic Patients: Implications for Tailored Health Communication

The purpose of the current investigation was to apply the attitude-social influence-efficacy (ASE) model to achieve a theory-based understanding of condom use among low income, heterosexually active African-American STD clinic patients. N = 293 participants were recruited from a large, publicly-funded metropolitan STD clinic in the Southeastern United States and surveyed using an ACASI computer program. Results indicated that several ASE variables exhibited meaningful relationships with condom stages of change in univariate analyses, replicating patterns found in previous research. Fewer variables remained significant in multivariate analyses, however. There was also some support for the proposition that early stage movement (e.g., Precontemplation to Contemplation) is based more upon perceptions of condom use (e.g., pros, perceived norms), whereas later stage movement (e.g., Preparation to Action/Maintenance) is based more upon perceived and actual skills acquisition (e.g., condom self-efficacy, negotiation strategies). Results varied with regard to main and casual condom stage of change. Implications for developing tailored HIV prevention interventions with heterosexual African-Americans are discussed.

Personal Factors Affecting African-American Men’s Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior

Although there are significant controversies about prostate cancer screening, it is the only method recognized to combat prostate cancer through early detection and appropriate treatment. The primary goal of this study was to identify personal factors influencing African-American men's participation in prostate cancer screening. Two cross-sectional mail surveys were conducted over one year to test the validity of the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy model in predicting prostate cancer screening. Data were collected from African-American men age > or =40. The study hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses One-hundred-ninety-one African-American men participated in the first cross-sectional survey, and 65 African-American men responded to the follow-up survey a year later. The participants were mostly African-American men who were born and grew up in America, were 50-59 years of age, had some college training, were married, were urban residents, had full-time employment status and had a household income of $20,000-$39,000. The key determinants of intention to undergo prostate cancer screening were attitude, perceived behavioral control, past behavior and perceived susceptibility. Attitude was the primary determinant of screening behavior. To foster appropriate prostate cancer detection activities, the modifiable factors identified in this study should be considered.

Barriers to repeat mammography screening: Perspectives of minority women

6051 Background: Women of minority races have lower levels of mammography screening and have lower mammography return rates compared to Caucasians. To better understand this problem, we conducted a study of African American, Hispanic, and Asian women’s experiences with mammography. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted with a total of 49 women (19 Asian, 16 African American, and 14 Hispanic) recruited from community medical clinics in Boston. Eligible women had at least one prior mammogram and no personal history of cancer. Focus groups were guided by the attitude-social influence-efficacy model. Cultural barriers to repeat mammography were explored. Discussions were recorded and transcribed, and thematic content analyses were performed. Results: All groups expressed that older generations considered breast health a taboo topic. African American and Hispanic women felt that lack of insurance was not a barrier to mammography since they were savvy about free care options. A prominent reason that African Americans avoided mammograms was a fatalistic belief that a breast cancer diagnosis would inevitably lead to death. African Americans felt that ongoing cancer screening was not a priority because other diseases, such as HIV, were of greater concern. African Americans also felt that dominant social issues, such as drug and domestic abuse, made adherence to preventive health care less important. In contrast, Asians felt that mammogram return rates were poor because appointments took time away from work. Asian and Hispanic women identified discourteous behavior by hospital staff as a barrier. Most Asians were bothered by the staff’s insensitivity to their embarrassment of having to undress for mammograms. Many Hispanics were bothered by a language barrier and perceived indifference of the hospital staff. Conclusions: Cultural barriers to repeat mammography appear to vary among different racial groups. Interventions to improve screening among minority populations may be more successful if they address group-specific concerns. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Psychosocial factors associated with cancer behavioural risk in relatives of cancer patients.

The European Code against Cancer includes some primary cancer prevention behaviours, which can be studied in the framework of psychosocial models of human behaviour as the ASE model (attitude-social influence-efficacy model). The objective of this study was to detect the factors that better explain cancer behavioural risk in relatives of cancer patients. A convenience sample of 3031 people was selected in primary care centres. A three-step multivariate analysis was carried out by means of a multiple linear regression, introducing cancer behavioural risk as the dependent variable and the following covariables: psychosocial factors in the ASE model, sociodemographic variables and the family history of cancer. At least five difficulties and four needs were perceived in following the preventive advice by 25% of patients. The main difficulties were tobacco and alcohol addiction and the demands of a social life. Principal needs were access to cessation programmes, family support, and being controlled and pressured by health workers. The highest risk profile is to be a young man with a low sociocultural level. The ASE determinants were the best predictors of cancer behavioural risk, so programmes that forget these predictors may not achieve any impact and may waste resources.

Psycho-social Determinants and Motivational Phases in Smoking Behavior of Cardiac Inpatients

Background.To explore possibilities for health education, this study analyzed the differences in motives regarding smoking cessation of cardiac inpatients in various motivational phases. The Attitude—Social influence—Efficacy Model (ASE model) was used to assess motives, while motivational phases were measured with concepts from the Transtheoretical Model.Methods.Data on smoking behavior, attitudes, social influences, self-efficacy expectations, and motivational phases were collected from a sample of 532 cardiac inpatients. A revised typology of the Transtheoretical Model was used for measuring motivational phases and resulted in four groups: smokers in precontemplation, smokers in contemplation, externally motivated actors, and internally motivated actors. Analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to study differences in psycho-social determinants between these four groups.Results.As hypothesized, externally motivated actors differed from internally motivated actors in having less positive attitudes, less social support, and lower self-efficacy expectations. Attitudes and social support were most positive among smokers in contemplation and internally motivated actors. Self-efficacy expectations were lowest among subjects in precontemplation and contemplation.Conclusions.Subjects in different motivational phases differed in their psycho-social determinants. Therefore, it is recommended that stage-tailored education be developed. Finally, externally motivated actors have to be approached in a different way than internally motivated actors.

Predicting stage transitions for smoking cessation applying the attitude-social influence-efficacy model

Cross-sectional studies integrating motivational stages with expectancy value models have suggested that contemplating smokers perceive more advantages of quitting and social support than precontemplators. Moreover, smokers preparing to quit were found to differ from precontemplators and contemplators by having higher self-efficacy expectations. Using the ASE model, the present study confirmed the findings of these cross-sectional studies. The longitudinal design of this study, however, facilitated prediction of transitions that smokers made during a 10-month follow-up. Smokers who progressed from precontemplation perceived more advantages of quitting than those who remained in precontemplation. Smokers regressed from contemplation perceived fewer advantages of quitting than those who did not regress. Finally, smokers who progressed from preparation had higher self-efficacy expectations than those who did not progress. In sum, the present study provided longitudinal support for the ø-pattern, which suggests tailoring of health educational messages to subjects in the various stages of change.