Attitude Scale Research Articles

School social workers’ attitudes to inclusion in regular classrooms in the United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to investigate school social workers’ attitudes to educational inclusion in regular classrooms regarding different variables. Using an attitude scale, we investigated 232 social workers from the UAE regarding age, gender, nationality, type of school, years of experience, and area of residence. Educational placement variables for different disabilities, and school accessibility, were also investigated. Gender, age, school type, and experience did not impact attitudes to inclusion, but nationality, residence, and educational placement did. Social workers reported that UAE schools are inaccessible to students with disabilities. Inclusive education provides better quality education for all and helps change discriminatory attitudes. Schools enable the development of social ties and interactions through a framework for first interactions outside the home. When students with different skills and experiences play and learn together, respect and understanding increase. School social workers can be the key to facilitating this.

The role of evidence-based practice and empathy in shared decision-making attitudes among newly graduated nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Examine the levels of variables and explore drivers associated with shared decision-making attitudes among newly graduated nurses. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. From August 2022 to October 2022, a cross-section of 216 newly graduated nurses from four comprehensive A-level hospitals in northern China was recruited using convenience sampling. Newly graduated nurses are generally defined as nurses with a service period of six months to one year. Data were collected using an online questionnaire support platform, including the Nursing Shared Decision-Making Attitude scale, Jefferson scale of Empathy-Health profession students and the Health Sciences Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire. All data were analysed descriptively, and correlational analysis and hierarchical regression were used to make identical connections between variables. Newly graduated nurses supported shared decision-making. Perceptions of shared decision-making were correlated with the experiences of empathy and evidence-based practice. Additionally, perspective-taking of empathy and beliefs, and the ability to search for and apply existing scientific findings of evidence-based practice had a significant impact on more positive attitudes. The survey showed that acceptance of shared decision-making was positive among newly graduated nurses. Clinical nursing managers and teachers should pay attention to cultivating the evidence-based practice and empathy of newly graduated nurses to adopt an optimistic attitude towards shared decision-making in the long term. The survey addresses attitudes of shared decision-making among newly graduatednurses and determines whether empathy and evidence-based practice has an impact on it. The main finding is that newly graduated nurses have an optimistic outlook on the implementation of shared decision-making. This survey showed that empathy and evidence-based practice competencies are associated with shared decision-making attitudes among newly graduated nurses. The results of this survey have an impact on educational institutions and hospitals in the form of recommendations. Several training programmes on empathy and evidence-based practice can help adopt the shared decision-making attitudes of newly graduated nurses. No patient or public contribution.

The influence of water safety knowledge on adolescents’ drowning risk behaviors: a framework of risk-protect integrated and KAP theory

IntroductionAlthough previous research has examined the risk factors for drowning behavior among adolescents, it is unclear whether this association is influenced by water safety knowledge. This study aimed to examine whether water safety knowledge is associated with adolescents’ drowning risk behaviors and whether drowning risk perceptions and attitudes could have a chain mediating role in the association between water safety knowledge and adolescents’ drowning risk behaviors.MethodsThis study included 7,485 adolescents from five Chinese provinces and cities. We used the Drowning Risk Behaviors Scales (DRBS) to evaluate the risk of drowning behaviors. The Water Safety Knowledge Scale (WSKS) was used to evaluate the competence level of water safety knowledge. The Drowning Risk Perceptions Scale (DRPS) was used to evaluate the risk level of perceptions, and the Drowning Risk Attitudes Scale (DRAS) was used to evaluate the risk level of attitudes.ResultsThe results of the mediating effect test showed that water safety knowledge (WSK) affected drowning risk behaviors (DRB) through three indirect paths. Drowning risk perceptions (DRP) and attitudes (DRA) have significantly mediated the association between WSK and DRB. In conclusion, DRP and DRA can act as mediators between WSK and DRB, not only individually, but also as chain mediators, where the direct effect is-0.301, the total indirect effect is-0.214, and the total mediated indirect effect is 41.5%.DiscussionWater safety knowledge negatively predicts adolescents’ drowning risk behaviors; water safety knowledge has an inhibitory effect on drowning risk perceptions. Water safety knowledge can directly influence adolescents’ drowning risk perceptions and indirectly affect drowning risk behaviors through the mediation of drowning risk perceptions and attitudes comprising three paths: (1) the drowning risk perceptions mediation path, (2) the drowning risk attitudes mediation path, and (3) the drowning risk perceptions and attitudes mediation paths.

Effect of needle-free injection on psychological insulin resistance and insulin dosage in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background and objectivePsychological insulin resistance (PIR), which refers to the reluctance of diabetic patients to use insulin, is a frequently encountered clinical issue. Needle-free injection (NFI) offers advantages in terms of expediting insulin absorption and mitigating adverse reactions related to injection. To evaluate the effects of subcutaneous injection of insulin aspart 30 with NFI on PIR and insulin dosage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSixty-four patients with T2DM participated in this randomized, prospective, open, crossover study. Insulin aspart 30 was administered subcutaneously to each subject via QS-P NFI and Novo Pen 5 (NP) successively. The effects of NFI on PIR were analyzed. Differences in insulin dosage, glycemic variability, and injection safety were compared at similar levels of glycemic control.ResultsAfter the administration of NFI, the insulin treatment attitude scale score decreased (53.7 ± 7.3 vs. 58.9 ± 10.7, p<0.001), the insulin treatment adherence questionnaire score increased (46.3 ± 4.9 vs. 43.8 ± 7.1, p<0.001), and the insulin treatment satisfaction questionnaire score increased (66.6 ± 10.5 vs. 62.4 ± 16.5, p<0.001). At the same blood glucose level, NFI required a smaller dosage of insulin aspart 30 compared with that of NP (30.42 ± 8.70 vs. 33.66 ± 9.13 U/d, p<0.001). There were no differences in glycemic variability indices (standard deviation, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion or coefficient of variation) between the two injection methods. Compared with NP, NFI did not increase the incidence of hypoglycemia (17.2% vs. 14.1%, p=0.774), and it decreased the incidence of induration (4.7% vs. 23.4%, p=0.002) and leakage (6.3% vs. 20.3%, p=0.022) while decreasing the pain visual analog scale score (2.30 ± 1.58 vs. 3.11 ± 1.40, p<0.001).ConclusionNFI can improve PIR in patients with T2DM and be used with a smaller dose of insulin aspart 30 while maintaining the same hypoglycemic effect.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2400083658.

Analysis Of The Attitude Of Secondary School Teachers Towards The Use Of Bichronous Online Learning

Bichronous online learning is a recently coined terminology that refers to a blended form of synchronous (real-time online meeting) and asynchronous (anywhere, anytime learning) online learning. The present study aims to analyse the attitude of secondary school teachers towards bichronous online learning based on gender, locality, age, and type of institution. The sample consists of 100 secondary school teachers from 20 schools (10 each from government and private) in the Samba district. The investigator adopted the descriptive survey method and used a self-developed attitude scale for collecting data. The reliability and validity of the scale were also established by the investigator. For the analysis of data, Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD), and Critical Ratio (CR) were used. The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant difference between the attitude of secondary school teachers based on gender (male and female), locality (urban and rural), age (below 40 and above 40), and type of institution (government and private). The results of the present investigation will help the stakeholders to take necessary steps to develop willingness among the teachers to use bichronous online learning in the teaching-learning process and make it more interesting and innovative.

The Effects of Digital Educational Games on Secondary School Students’ Attitudes Towards Elective English Class and on Increasing Their English Listening Skills and Vocabulary

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital educational games on secondary school students' attitudes towards elective English lessons, as well as the influence of digital educational games on the development of EFL listening skills and vocabulary learning. The study group included 40 students in two classes of 6th grade elective English course from a secondary school in Samsun province of Türkiye during the academic year 2022-2023. A quasi-experimental model with a pretest-posttest control group was used in the study. A total of six weeks, namely two hours of instruction each week, made up the trial period. Digital instructional games meeting certain criteria set by the study were used to teach the experimental group. In the control group, no digital educational games were employed, and the same teaching strategies as before the experiment were used. An academic achievement exam covering vocabulary and listening and the "Middle School English Course attitude scale" were utilized as data gathering tools. The study revealed that digital educational games had a favourable impact on secondary school students' views about the elective English class. Additionally, it was noted that the pupils in the experimental group improved their vocabulary and listening skills more than those in the control group. In conclusion, considering the positive outcomes of using digital educational games in both foreign languages and other disciplines, we can say that their integration into education will have positive effects on academic achievement and may positively affect students' attitudes towards that course by providing them with a fun learning environment. This makes the case for the potential use of digital educational games as a tool for learning-reinforcing activities in elective English and other elective classes.

How good is teleworking? Development and validation of the tele attitude scale

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop and validate a measure called the Tele Attitude Scale (TAS). This measure aims to evaluate relevant aspects of the teleworking experience related to its perceived effects regarding, for instance: job characteristics, perceived productivity, quality of work-related interactions, work-non-work balance, and well-being. Four studies were conducted between 2021 and 2022. First, a qualitative study was conducted to develop the scale (N = 80). Afterward, a second study to explore the scale’s factorial structure (N = 602) was developed. A third study served to analyze its internal validity and reliability (N = 232). A fourth study analyzed the criterion validity of the scale by exploring its correlations with measures of health, affect, and performance (N = 837 teleworkers). The findings revealed that the 10-item scale accounted for a unique factor and that it was a reliable measure. Moreover, the results also showed that the scale was significantly related to measures of health, affect, and performance, thus supporting its convergent and criterion validity. This research advances the knowledge about telework by proposing a user-friendly scale to measure teleworking, specifically how workers perceive their experience of it and how it may impact them at several levels. Thus, the TAS can not only fill a gap in the research but also help organizations evaluate and support teleworkers’ needs and subsequent satisfaction while teleworking.

The relationship between attitude toward physical activity and weight gain in children and young adolescence

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between attitudes toward physical activity and weight gain among children and young adolescents with an additional focus on the impact of gender on these attitudes.MethodsEmploying a descriptive survey method, data were systematically gathered via purposive sampling from 11 specific cities in Türkiye, ensuring representation from all seven regions. A total of 3,138 students, aged between 9 and 14 years, participated in this study, with a distribution of 46% girls and 54% boys. To assess the attitudes of children and young adolescents toward physical activity, the Youth Physical Activity Attitude Scale was utilized. Height and body weight measurements were taken to determine the body mass index of participants. SPSS 26.0 software facilitated the statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation analysis to explore relationships between variables. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was employed to evaluate the impact of age, BMI, and gender on attitudes toward physical activity.ResultsParticipants classified as normal weight exhibited a more positive attitude towards physical activity compared to their obese and overweight counterparts. Moreover, a significant gender difference emerged, with boys demonstrating significantly higher positive attitudes toward physical activity than girls. However, no significant difference was observed in negative attitudes based on gender. The study also revealed that an escalation in negative attitudes towards physical activity correlated with students being categorized as underweight, overweight, or obese, as opposed to having a normal weight status. Additionally, a statistically significant divergence in both positive and negative attitudes towards physical activity was found based on age. Specifically, the results indicated that students aged 9 and 14 exhibited lower levels of positive attitude when contrasted with their counterparts of different age groups. Conversely, in the domain of negative attitudes, students at the age of 9 scored higher than their peers in other age categories.DiscussionAttitudes towards physical activity can serve as a convenient indicator and guide for assessing the effectiveness of various practices or interventions aimed at promoting physical activity, with recognition of the significant gender difference in positive attitudes among children and young adolescents.

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Despite abundant scientific evidence supporting immunization benefits, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant global health concern, particularly during public health crises. Exploring public attitudes towards vaccination is crucial. This study aimed to develop and validate a tailored Public Vaccination Attitudes Scale specifically under the unique circumstances of a public health crisis. A psychometric evaluation was conducted using a cross-sectional study during the peak of a major public health crisis. The scale was developed and its psychometric properties validated using three approaches: (1) generating the item pool through literature research and focus group discussions; (2) assessing the items through expert consultation; and (3) evaluating construct validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data from a total of 3921 respondents were randomly divided into two subsets, one for EFA (n = 1935) and the other for CFA (n = 1986). A 22-item draft scale with five factors was created after literature research and focus group discussion. The content validity of this scale ranged between 0.88 and 1.00. EFA showed a 17-item scale with four factors (Cronbach’s α > 0.7) accounting for 68.044% of the total variance. CFA showed that the values of the fit indices, including convergent validity and discriminant validity, were excellent or acceptable. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.874, and each factor ranged from 0.726 to 0.885. This study introduces a valuable tool for assessing vaccination attitudes during public health crises, aiding researchers, policymakers, and nurses in combating vaccine hesitancy. Emphasizing the importance of fostering vaccine acceptance, it enhances disease control during emergencies, contributing to the knowledge needed for more effective public health strategies and crisis responses

Investigation of usage, attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine among cancer patients in Turkey during COVID-191.

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are being uses more often with cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate attitudes, use and influencing factors of CAM among cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 cancer patients in Turkey. The study was conducted during July-September 2021 using a Questionnaire that included a Complementary, Alternative and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale (CACMAS). Pearson's Chi-Squared Test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and logistic regression were all utilized. The findings revealed that 76.2% of the participants stated that they used CAM methods while undergoing cancer treatment, and 65.2% of those who did so kept from sharing this information to medical professionals. Phytotherapy was the most common CAM method used by patients. The use of CAM was found to be significantly higher among those who were 55-64 years of age, married, secondary school graduates, non-smokers, CAM users before their cancer diagnosis, and who had a family history of cancer (p < 0.05). The participants' average CACMAS scores were 112.20±16.53. Among those who used CAM during treatment, non-smoking, overweight-obese participants had higher CACMAS scores (p < 0.05). Due to the high prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients and possible interaction effects with chemotherapy medications, it is important for healthcare professionals to assess and educate cancer patients regarding CAM use. Additional research is needed to determine potential interactions, as well as pros and cons of CAM use during cancer treatment.

Transformative learning in business economics education: The development of a measurement instrument to detect student perspectives

Previous studies of business economics education have highlighted differences regarding the role of businesses towards sustainability, as articulated by teachers, students and in textbooks. The roles differ from externally motivated (following law and customers) to internally driven (creating new routes) to address sustainability in the business context. Changes by students in their perspectives on the role of a business in relation to sustainability can be seen as examples of a transformative learning experience in the context of business economics education. This paper presents a measurement instrument of 12 items on a five-point Likert scale to measure the views of students regarding the role of a responsible businessperson. A mixed-methods approach was used to develop, test and validate the instrument. Data were gathered by business economics students at Hasselt University. The added value of the instrument is that it can be used in educational practice and in further research to indicate whether transformative learning is happening in the context of business education and to gain insight into students' views on the role of a responsible businessperson. The instrument goes beyond existing attitude, knowledge and competence scales and contributes to assessing transformative learning for sustainable development.

Provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice in autism: a mini-review

There are many established evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autistic youth which facilitate wellbeing and skill development across a range of domains. However, individuals on the autism spectrum are consistently underserved in mental health settings, limiting their access to these EBPs. Positive provider attitudes toward EBPs may increase their uptake or use. The current mini-review seeks to synthesize the literature regarding attitudes toward EBPs among providers working with autistic youth across a variety of settings (i.e., school, early intervention, and general mental health). Fifteen quantitative studies were included. The majority of studies (n = 13, 87%) utilized the Evidence Based Practice Attitudes Scale (EBPAS) or a variation of this scale. Attitudes toward EBPs were primarily used as a correlate or covariate, although some studies reported descriptive statistics of provider attitudes. When available, the reported results suggest that attitudes toward EBPs are moderately positive at baseline, although they vary between provider types. Two studies (13%) examined change in attitudes toward EBPs and suggested that they may be responsive to intervention. However, findings were mixed as to whether attitudes toward EBPs are predictive of EBP use/uptake. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Influences of Outdoor Experiences During Childhood on Time Spent in Nature as an Adult

IntroductionTime spent in nature provides myriad physical and mental health benefits for both adults and children. Despite these benefits, most people spend too little time in nature to realize the maximal effect. Different types of childhood experiences may have differential influence on adult time in nature. This study assessed the influences of different kinds of childhood outdoor experiences on time spent in nature as an adult. The first aim was to utilize 20 childhood nature experience items to construct summative scales. The second aim was to examine the influence of each scale and other factors on adult time in nature. MethodsA 2-factor scale measuring “wild” and “domesticated” childhood nature experiences was developed using principal and confirmatory factor analyses. An on-line study of 2,109 American adults was conducted. Multiple linear regression examined the influences of the two childhood nature experiences scales, attitude and self-efficacy scales, and sex and age covariates, on adult time spent in nature. ResultsSignificant predictors of adult time in nature were wild childhood nature experiences (β = 0.279, < 0.001), positive attitudes about nature (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), negative attitudes about nature (β = -0.23, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = 0.71, p < 0.001). ConclusionsWild childhood nature experiences (e.g., camping, hiking, and fishing) that include skill-building, that are immersive and engaging, and that involve opportunity for social interaction may translate better into adult nature activities. Programs that introduce and support wild experiences may increase lifelong time spent in nature.

LGBTI Healthcare in Medical Education.

Our aim is to reveal the interaction of cultural and religious influences with professional equipment by determining the level of knowledge, sexual attitudes, and homophobia of medical students about LGBTI+ individuals. The study included 324 students from our faculty of medicine. The Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale, the Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men scale, and the Hendrick Sexual Attitudes scale were used with the sociodemograpic data form. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The mean score of the students from the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale was 58.50. The findings of our study support that medical students consider that the education they receive in this regard is inadequate. One of the goals of undergraduate medical education is the provision of health services to all segments of society; therefore, it is recommended to make improvements in the curriculum in this regard.

Ethnic model along differentiation between justified death attitude and polls in a cross-cultural generational study

Background: “Justified Death Attitude (JDA) is imminent and likely paradoxical behavior against self threat to keep of self in modification for elimination of the opponent mentally or physically”the first author defined. The former studies have indicated that Justified Death Attitude Scale (JDAS) has both validity and reliability of the young majority society Shia, but we do not know whether or not it is a valid or reliable scale of minority societies Sunni, Assyrian and the old generation. If it has, can the scale discriminate between the JDA and the poll? Objectives: It is a cross-sectional study to evaluate development of JDAS comprehensively because different generations, multi ethnicities, and social variables affect attitude and cognition persistently. Method: 744 participants (368 male and 376 female) were selected through the convenience sampling method in Tehran, Ilam, Khoram Abad, and Sanandaj. The participants were of the following demographic properties: 528 adult and 216 older adult participants; 538 Shia, 108 Sunni, and 98 Assyrian participants; 460 normal and 284 abnormal participants. Participants carried out the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and JDAS. 115 answer sheets were cancelled (less than 5%). Results: A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, binomial tests, Chi square tests, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests are performed to analyze the data. Multiethnic studies indicate that JDAS is a valid scale for adult and older adult participants and Shia, Sunni, and Assyrian participants (p&gt;0.05). Meanwhile, attitude and polls are two different phenomena in the collision between capital punishment, the kind of death penalties, the agreement of euthanasia, and kind of euthanasia %61, %57, %56, and %61, respectively, because of different propositional and associative processes. The Chi-square indicates that gender, generations, ethnics, and sanity influence polls significantly. In line with the ethnic model of JDA, ethnics influence legal and medical subscales significantly according to Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. Conclusion: The bases of polls and attitude are conformity and self, respectively. So, the poll coefficient of error is very high to assess social ideas. Although you could find some similarities between polls and attitude, they are different phenomena principally.

Influences of Ethnicity, Gender, Generation, and Mental Health over Justified Death Attitude

Background: Justified Death Attitude (JDA) is a new term about one’s agreement with killing someone else. Previous studies have shown the Justified Death Attitude Scale (JDAS) is valid and reliable. We also know that some variables like major and gender are associated with JDA, but we do not know how gender, ethnics, generation, and sanity differently would affect JDA. Objectives: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of ethnics, generation, gender, and sanity on the attitude of the people about justified death. Method: In 2022, 744 participants, including 368 male and 376 female participants were selected through convenience sampling method in Tehran, Ilam, Khorramabad, and Sanandaj. Participants were stratified according to age (528 adults, 216 older adults), religion (538 Shiite, 108 Sunni, and 98 Assyrian participants), and sanity status (460 normal and 284 participants with possible mental illness). Participants filled out General Health Questionnnair-12 (GHQ 12) and Justified Death Attitude Scale (JDAS). Results: Older, Shiite, and Sunni participants agreed more with death penalties, but younger and Assyrian participants disagreed more with death penalties. Furthermore, young, Assyrian agreed more often with euthanasia. Different generations think significantly differently about the type and severity of execution and euthanasia. Conclusion: The more diverse the sociocultural background, the more different is the attitude about justified death. That might be due to dissimilar crystallization of sense of self in different socio-cultural backgrounds and through different cognitive processes.

The Effect Of Authentic Learning Practices On To The Mental Structures Conceptual Change And Of Attitudes Of Students In Life Science Course

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of authentic learning practices in Life Science lesson on the conceptual change of students and their attitudes towards the course. The research was modelled with a semi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group using quantitative methods. The research was carried out with the students of two different 3rd grade branches studying in a primary school located in the center of İnegöl District of Bursa Province in the 2022-2023 academic year. In the study, data were collected through the Personal Information Form, Word Association Test and Attitude Scale Towards Life Science Lesson. The results of the Word Association Test, which was applied to reveal the conceptual change in the mental structures of the students in authentic learning environments, were analyzed by content analysis. The data obtained in the Word Association Test were converted into concept network maps using the Breakpoint technique. In the study, t-test, which is one of the parametric tests, was used to analyze the data obtained from the attitude scale. In the research, conclusions were reached about the effect on the conceptual change of the students and their attitudes towards the course. In this context, it has been revealed that authentic learning practices carried out in the Life Science lesson improve the mental structure of the students, have a positive effect on concept change and contribute to meaningful learning. It was concluded that the authentic learning environments and activities applied positively improved the attitudes of the students towards the Life Studies lesson.

Evolving attitudes toward online education in Peruvian university students: A quantitative approach

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated universities' adaptation process toward online education, and it is necessary to know the students' attitudes toward this online education. ObjectiveTo describe the evolution of the attitude toward online education among social science students at a public university in Peru in the academic year 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThe study uses a quantitative approach, a descriptive level, a non-experimental design, and a longitudinal trend. The sample consisted of 1063 students at the beginning of the class period, 908 during the classes, and 1026 at the end of the class period. The questionnaire for data collection was the Attitude scale toward online education for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using Google Forms. ResultsAs a result, the attitude towards online education was predominantly weak negative at the beginning (51.1 %) and during the classes (49.1 %), and weak positive (48.1 %) at the end of the class period. The changes were not significant when comparing the three moments, the levels of attitude toward, intention to adopt, ease of use, technical and pedagogical support, stressors, and need for online education (p-value <0.05). ConclusionThe evolution of the attitude towards online education in the sample had a non-significant positive trend. In the initial and process stages, a weak negative attitude prevailed due to the institution's inexperience and poor digital infrastructure; in the end, the attitude became weak and positive due to the adaptation and need for online education.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis dan Resiliensi Matematis Siswa

This research aims to examine whether the improvement in students' mathematical reasoning abilities who use the Group Investigation learning model is better than the abilities of students who use the Group Investigation learning model. Apart from that, it also reveals the students' attitudes towards the Group Investigation learning model. The method in this research is experimental and research design using pretest and posttest in experimental and control classes. The population in this study were all students in class X OTKP SMKN 1 Cipanas, Cianjur Regency. Samples were taken at random from class, namely from six classes, two classes totaling 32 students were obtained, where class X OTKP 1 was the experimental class and class X OTKP 2 was the control class. The experimental class uses the Group Investigation learning model, while the control class uses conventional learning. Research data was obtained through instruments in the form of pretest and posttest mathematical reasoning abilities, student attitude scales, and observation sheets. Pretest data was processed through a normality test, homogeneity test, and equality of two means test, while posttest data was processed through a normality test, homogeneity test, and difference of two means test using SPSS 16 software. The results showed that the mathematical reasoning abilities of students who used the Group learning model Investigation is better than the ability of students who use conventional learning. Students show an attitude of confidence, self-confidence, actively involve themselves in discussions and are persistent in the Group Investigation learning model.

Evaluating attitudes of pharmacy students toward pharmaceutical side effect pictograms: Ankara sample

Pictograms are graphic symbols that facilitate international communications and express objects and the meaning of these objects. Using pictograms in health is essential to informing patients, especially in cases such as illiteracy, language problems, and multiple drugs. Pharmaceutical pictograms are thought to be helpful not only for pharmacists but also for patients. In this regard, in this study, pharmacy faculty students’ attitudes towards side effect pictograms are evaluated via the “Drug side effect pictogram attitude scale.” As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a one-dimensional structure was obtained in parallel with the original scale with 0.906 Cronbach’s alpha value. The mean values of the items in the scale were found above 3.70, which shows that students have positive attitudes toward side effect pictograms. As a result, it is thought that pharmaceutical pictograms should be included more in pharmacy education to transform the positive attitudes of pharmacy faculty students towards pictograms into the behavior of using pictograms in patient counseling.