Attitudes Of Political Parties Research Articles

Political Attitudes of Rural People towards the Political System of Bangladesh: A Study on Rajshahi District

Without assessing the attitudes of rural people, it is quite impossible to evaluate the existing politics of a country. An attempt is made in this study to explore the perceptions and attitudes of the rural people over the existing politics of Bangladesh. The research has been conducted in some selected villages of Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. A convenient sample of 225 respondents was collected from some selected villages with equal representation of both and a well-structured questionnaire was administered using a face-to-face data collection technique. Respondents have been taken from various categories i.e. age, profession, educational qualification. Random sampling method has been used to select the respondents of this research. In this research, it is found that there are many conscious people in rural area who admit that the existing politics of Bangladesh has been suffering from remarkable shortcomings. It is recommended in the study that the attitude of political parties should be improved so that the political environment of Bangladesh can be more participatory, positive and constructive.

Brexit Dilemma and the Future of Euroscepticism

The United Kingdom (UK) has always been sceptical towards the European integration initiative and European Union (EU) membership has been a controversial issue in UK politics throughout the decades. Following the historic referendum questioning the UK’s EU membership, the withdrawal of the UK from the EU (Brexit) has been on the top of the agenda both in the UK and the EU. Brexit referendum result raised concerns about the impact of UK’s exit from the EU on other EU member states’ (MS) perceptions on EU full membership and the future of EU integration. Thus, there were concerns whether Eurosceptic tendencies would increase among the political parties. In this framework, the purpose of the article is to discuss the extent to which the UK's decision to leave the EU has affected the Eurosceptic attitudes of political parties towards the EU. Although there were concerns whether Brexit would trigger a domino effect that would pose a threat to European integration, the public and political support towards EU integration and full membership remained mostly moderate. Devoting specific focus to the impact of Brexit on the future of Euroscepticism, this paper also discusses why Brexit appears to have less impact on Eurosceptic tendencies of political parties than it was anticipated. However, Euroscepticism in the MSs is likely to depend on the series of future crises the EU would face and the future success of the UK-EU relations.

The Europeanization of Polish climate policy

The goal of the work was to analyse the positions of the selected Polish political parties about the European Union climate policy and to assess whether and to what extent the process of Europeanization is taking place in Poland. Climate change negatively influences economic growth: it affects food security and limits industrial output and economic development. It reduces labour productivity and influences international trade. The scope of this impact will depend on political decisions and the effectiveness of climate protection measures taken by individual governments. The negative attitude of political parties to climate policy may make it challenging to undertake the necessary adaptation and mitigation measures, even despite changes in social perception in this regard.

Appeals to Human Rights in the Context of Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Government Hours in the Lithuanian Parliament in 2020–2021

The securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed governments in democratic countries to introduce extraordinary management measures that involved limiting various human rights. However, sound democratic governance always requires public debate on any policies introduced. These debates occur in multiple arenas and the parliament is among the most notable. In the context of human rights, some studies identified parliament as one of the most important agencies that promote human rights protection and oversee executive authorities (Lyer, 2019; Ncube, 2020). This article examines whether and how Lithuanian parliamentarians and government members addressed human rights during the Seimas debates when issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed. It investigates whether the Seimas could be considered an important agent contributing to the oversight of human rights in Lithuania. The article employs transcripts from the Seimas plenary debates as a data source, particularly speeches from the government question time from 2020.03 to 2021.01. The results of the qualitative thematic analysis revealed that human rights were generally not the main topic of the COVID-19 pandemic debates on the Seimas floor during government hours. It also showed that the attitudes of political parties toward specific human rights tended to shift when they switched from the opposition to the ruling majority and vice versa.

Siyasi Partiler ve Kadın Adaylığı: Nijerya'da 2019 Genel Seçimlerinin Cinsiyet Analizi

This paper accessed the role of political parties in recruiting, selecting and championing candidates for elections and the implications on women’s political attainment. The male-dominated political party structure and power has an overwhelming influence on women’s candidacy selection and winning of political seats. The attitude of political parties towards selection of candidates for elections in Nigeria is undemocratic and a major reason for women’s poor representation in governance. The paper argues that equality of all irrespective of sex is crucial for achieving political equity, better legislation, good governance and national development. Data for the study were obtained through secondary sources and analysis of data revealed that political parties’ candidacy selection and support have been lopsided in favour of men at all levels of political contests. The paper recommends policy strategies that would enhance more women entering into politics and party candidacy list geared towards attaining good governance and national development.

Land Property Regime According to the Vidovdan Constitution and the Agrarian Question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

Тhe paper discusses the attitudes of political parties on land property regimes in the context of the agrarian issue, and dynamics of the debate on this matter in the Constitutional Committee and in the Constituent National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The very notion of “agrarian question” concerns specifically small peasant landholdings in the process of development of capitalism. This question was raised in the context of the debate on socio-economic problems that were invited by, and eventually, introduced into the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Vidovdan Constitution, 1921) under the pressure of progressive opposition parties and parts of the ruling political organizations.

Referendum on the Constitution dated November 6, 1994 in Albania (The associated political debate and reasons for its failure)

The constitutional reform is one of the most debatable reforms in the Albanian transition period. One of the most critical moments is the Referendum on the Constitution dated November 6th, 1994. The way how this process took place, helps us to understand more about the nature and the dynamics of the Albanian events during the transitional period. The purpose of this descriptive - analytic study is to describe, analyze and evaluate the Referendum on the Constitution dated November 6th, 1994, in legal, procedural and political aspect as well as its effects on political life in Albania. To meet this objective, we will be delivering an analysis of all events and decisions that took place before, during and after the Referendum on the Constitution, concentrating on the procedures that followed, debates associated to the process, political and institutional attitudes, electoral campaigns, attitudes of political parties towards the content of the draft constitution, reasons of the popular “NO” to the referendum and its consequences. The study relies on official documents of Albanian and foreign institutions (such as OSCE, Venice Commission), the press (newspapers like “Zëri i Popullit”, “Rilindja Demokratike”, “Koha Jonë”) publications from domestic and foreign scholars and memories of the protagonists. At the end, it was concluded that the lack of political consensus and the willingness of political forces to come to an agreement with each other, made the attempt to give the country a constitution failed. The result of the referendum affected the political life in the country by increasing conflicts and political intolerance among the parties. There were problems within the Democratic Party and the governing coalition too.

One step forward, two steps back in political integration: why are Polish candidates not making progress in Irish local elections?

ABSTRACT The Republic of Ireland has had a significant Polish minority since the European Union enlargement of 2004. Despite their positive reception and successful economic integration, Poles rarely stand as candidates in local elections (in which all foreigners are entitled to run and vote); in fact, their involvement has even diminished – from nine Polish candidates in 2009 and 2014, to three in 2019. This article, based on interviews with 13 of the 19 Poles who have run thus far, 15 other politically or socially active Polish migrants and a survey (N = 503, CAPI, conducted in 2018) of Poles in the Republic of Ireland (henceforth Ireland) investigates this conundrum of a lack of progress in political integration. The political opportunity structure can be analysed from the perspective of the receiving political system – for example the attitude of political parties – or the perspective of the immigrant community. This article focuses on the latter and demonstrates that changes in the Polish community in Ireland over the last decade have made political integration more difficult. Our findings suggest that the politics and policies of the country of origin should also be considered as an important element influencing the political integration of migrants in the destination country.

Group identity, ideology or recognition? Lawmakers’ support for gender quotas in Latin America

The adoption and improvement of gender quota laws depend on political elites, but which lawmakers believe quotas are necessary? To answer this question, we use data from surveys of the elites in 13 Latin American parliaments. The findings are unexpected, both at national and party levels: the strength of already-existing quotas does not perfectly correlate with support for quotas, and the attitudes of political parties on the matter are not consistent. At the individual level, three pro-quota groups are identified: women, the left, and those who recognise the problem of gender inequality. When comparing the significance of these three groups, it is observed that women lawmakers will always be more supportive than men, regardless of ideology and the degree of recognition of the problem.

Anti-immigrant rhetoric as an element of public life in Austria – selected aspects

<p>Współcześnie w Austrii realizowana jest polityka integracyjna. Podstawowym jej założeniem jest jak najszybsza ekonomiczna inkluzja imigrantów. Program integracji cudzoziemców generuje dość duże koszty, a fakt ten coraz częściej wykorzystywany jest w publicznej dyskusji. Pojawiający się sceptycyzm społeczny wobec imigracji stał się jedną z przyczyn sukcesów wyborczych skrajnie prawicowej, uchodzącej za antyimigrancką Wolnościowej Partii Austrii.<strong> </strong>W artykule podjęto analizę wybranego tematu z uwzględnieniem kilku aspektów: stosunku partii politycznych wobec tzw. kwestii imigranckiej, charakteru kampanii wyborczych oraz inicjatyw rządowych dotyczących polityki imigracyjnej Austrii. Postawione pytania dotyczą natomiast następujących kwestii: od kiedy mamy do czynienia ze zmianą charakteru publicznej dyskusji w Austrii, pod wpływem jakich czynników antyimigrancka retoryka uległa intensyfikacji oraz jakie są skutki takiej retoryki? Istotną pozostaje również kwestia czy nośnikiem takiej retoryki pozostaje wyłącznie Wolnościowa Partia Austrii.</p>

Kosovo Political Party Attitudes towards European Integration

Abstract Presentation of different party / program standpoints by political parties in the political scene during the mankind history has influenced the fact that the political parties have played an irreplaceable role in the establishment of democracy. In this article we will discuss the empirical validity of the views of Kosovar political parties in relation to the process of European integration, because party attitudes can often be transformed into state attitudes. In order to give an answer to this complex phenomenon, qualitative methods such as content and document analysis and interviews will be used in order to gather and analyze the data found. The findings of this article are very significant because, based on the analysis of party documents and the responses received from the interviews, we can conclude that the views of Kosovar political parties have not only prioritized European integration but also linked them with the idea of functioning of a modern state. In this regard, the importance of this research is related to the facts and a realistic situation to understand the complexity and the importance of the integration and transformation processes. In this context, the views of Kosovar political parties go beyond the themes of European integrations, they actually link this concept to a much wider dimension of social transformation, because it includes fundamental democratic values. In this form, by such standpoints, political parties transmit to Kosovo society an interethnic and religious awareness and tolerance.

Kosovo Political Party Attitudes Towards European Integration

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Guaranteed Minimum Income ‘à la Grecque’: The chronicle of a long-awaited scheme

This article chronicles the history of the guaranteed minimum income (GMI) in Greece, a third-generation social assistance scheme targeted at individuals and families facing extreme poverty. Greece has only recently experimented with the scheme, with full nationwide implementation being expected in January 2017. Drawing on an extensive range of primary and secondary sources and interviews with key stakeholders, the article first highlights how the indifferent and segmented attitudes of political parties, within an environment marked by the hesitant attitude or even absence from the GMI debate of other types of social and political actors who had influenced that debate in other countries, led to long-term inertia over the GMI. Moreover, the relatively recent decision to implement the scheme should be viewed in the light of the severe implications of the crisis and austerity measures. The article additionally focuses on the evaluation of the GMI pilot programme and shows how, despite its obvious utility, the evaluation underscores chronic problems of the Greek state, such as the improvisatory nature of policy-making, including the lack of an effective design for the evaluation process itself.

Jurisprudential elite and politics in Hungary (1945–1946)

This paper sheds light on the attitudes of political parties towards the jurisprudential elite, higher educational and academic reforms during the establishment of democracy, and reveals how the legal community reacted to the political changes combined with the challenges concerning academic reform and restructuring of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This topic is of interest because the jurisprudential elite, like other scientific elites, was affected by the change of regime and the restructuring of the scientific community and whether there was a difference between the effect on the jurisprudential elite and other elites. This research uncovers the role played by the jurisprudential elite, a highly prestigious group retaining the oldest traditions in Hungarian scientific history, in scientific polemics following the 2nd World War and in the reform of academic institutions.

Reflection on Legal Issues and Approach of Political Bodies toward Central Election Commission in Albania

The electoral legislation regarding the Albanian Central Election Commission (CEC) has been subject to changes on the eve of every election. CEC as a constitutional institution where the contribution of the political representation principle was minimal resulted in a legislative product that did not correspond to the level of democratic development of the Albanian political parties. The entire process of development of the Albanian electoral legislation, in establishing CEC, has been prevailed by the implementation of the principle of political representation and bipartisan balance. The attitude of political parties toward CEC has been motivated by their electoral interests. Political pressure on this institution has produced unconstitutional interventions. The establishment and operation of CEC as an independent institution and politically neutral according to the principles of public adminiatration is an option that should be considered by the Albanian legislative body. Political parties can be represented in this institution by deploing ex-officio members or observers. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1p347

The Attitudes of Political Parties towards Education: The 2011 Election Returns Examples of Justice and Development Party (AKP), Republican People's Party (CHP) and Nationalist Movement Party (MHP)

Abstract Education has an important place in the political party policies and political points of views. Not only the attitudes of political parties towards education reflect the ideological, political differences of them, but also it is in the mirror position of expectations and demands appearing on the field of education and training within the frame of modern and global developments. Considering this fact, the analysis, that will be made upon the election returns of the political parties, can be thought to be descriptive both about the political and ideological aspects of attitudes of political parties towards education, the developments in the field of education, needs and expectations and about the present conditions of the relation between politics and education and the education policies and the possible direction that education will take in the future. In this declaration, with reference to such a view, with the discourse analysis method, the 2011 general election returns of Justice and Development Party, Republican People's Party, Nationalist Movement Party which have groups in parliament and different political stances, are aimed to research comparatively.

Отношение политических партий к российскому кооперативному движению в начале XX века

Отношение политических партий к российскому кооперативному движению в начале XX века

Do All Roads Lead to the Same Europe? Reconsidering the Pro-/Anti-Integration Yardstick to Measure National Party Positions Towards the EU: The Case of Belgium

Mapping national political party attitudes towards the EU is crucial in explaining the current state of the EU and is key to understanding political alliances on European affairs. Although important, literature on the topic remains constrained by the idea that positions on European integration can be located on a single ‘pro-/anti-axis’. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate why one-dimensional typologies lead to cumbersome and misleading evaluations of party positions. Based on Easton’s theory of political support, the research undertaken hypothesises that such classifications are unable to solve the problem of divergent orientations from one sector to another. Taking Belgium as an example, I explain why Belgian political parties, generally labelled as unanimously ‘pro-integration’, can be considered as divided regarding the EU. The research is primarily based on qualitative analysis of 2009 European manifestos and interviews with party elites conducted from May to July 2010.

The Approaches of Turkish Political Parties towards Entrepreneurship in their Party Programmes

This study aims to identify to what extent political parties in Turkey include the concept of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, which are regarded as the most essential resources of countries’ in international competition, in their programmes. In other words, the attitudes of political parties towards entrepreneurship will be set forth. The study covers the “economical approaches” part of programmes of the political parties which were represented in Turkish Grand National Assembly between 1923 -2011. Parties, which were established as political parties but were not represented in Turkish Grand National Assembly were left out of the scope of the study. Method: “Document review”, which is a frequently used qualitative research method in social sciences, was used in this study. The data is obtained by content analysis. Such words as “entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, individual initiative, individual enterprise, private enterprise, special entities, proprietary capital and private sector in the political party programmes were identified as key words and it was acknowledged that such concepts were perceived as “entrepreneurship” by the political parties. Thus, the approaches of political parties are taken in the scope of the study.

Aspiracje Ukrainy wobec Unii Europejskiej

The evolution of the ambitions of the Ukrainian authorities regarding integration with the EU is discussed in the paper. The current attitudes of political parties represented in Parliament towards the European Union, as well as the attitude of Ukrainian society towards the integration of the country with the EU is analyzed. Attention is focused on the Eastern Partnership as the EU’s response to the aspirations of the Ukrainian political elites toward integration with the EU. The process of working out a new agreement between Ukraine and the EU, that is to replace the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, is analyzed. In the conclusions the principal barriers to the integration of Ukraine with the EU are highlighted.