Attitude Index Research Articles

Risk attitudes and private disability insurance holdings

AbstractThis study identifies several factors that affect the demand for disability insurance (DI), such as wealth, health, financial literacy, and self-reported willingness to take financial risks, using a logit model and a random forest algorithm. While the role of risk aversion in insurance ownership is well established within theoretical insurance models, the empirical literature is still inconclusive. We provide evidence based on the Survey of Consumer Finances that willingness to take financial risks similar to wealth, health, and financial literacy is positively associated with the ownership of private DI. Furthermore, the literature has not explored multivariate risk attitudes in this framework. We thus employ indices of multivariate risk attitudes within a theoretical DI model. Our empirical results on private DI, in conjunction with the theoretical model we present, allow us to test hypotheses regarding multivariate household preferences and reject the hypothesis of correlation-neutral preferences on wealth and health.

Pro-Environmental Behaviour and Sustainable Development: Evidence from a Survey of Lithuanian and Ukrainian Students

This research aims to analyse and compare students’ attitudes to environmental care in Lithuania and Ukraine using the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. The study also explores gender differences in environmental attitudes among students, and evaluates these attitudes using the Index of Environmental Care Attitudes. The findings reveal similarities and differences between Lithuanian and Ukrainian students, with Lithuanian students demonstrating higher ecological knowledge and a more environmentally conscious world-view. However, Ukrainian students show positive trends in engagement with environmental education. Gender-based disparities indicate that female students consistently exhibit stronger environmentally conscious behaviour. The study highlights the potential for Ukrainian universities to enhance sustainability initiatives and capitalise on the growing environmental consciousness among students. Overall, the research paves the way for targeted interventions and improvements in fostering sustainable practices in university settings.

Perceptions of the professional self-concept of social workers in the context of the stress Covid-19 experience: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe and analyse the subjective perceived professional self-concept of social workers during the stress of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the Czech Republic, we conducted an extensive cross-sectional survey that focused on one factor of professional identity: professional self-concept, whose three components (cognitive, emotional and conative) were transformed into five questionnaire items. These became the basis of the newly developed Post-Covid Professional Attitude index, which indicates subjective self-perception of the profession. Based on the results, we conclude that this stressful situation may have had an overall positive effect on the professional self-concept of social workers. Although they expressed no change in their primary motivation for pursuing their profession, they now perceive it as more important, necessary, and express greater professional self-confidence. The study also has a secondary benefit: its results may reframe the debate on the pandemic situation, which has not only had negative effects, but also – at least in terms of social workers’ professional self-concept – probably had a positive impact. These findings are important for understanding current and more general developments in social work.

Association Between Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Entrepreneurial Behavior & Attitudes

Entrepreneurship ecosystem and entrepreneurial behaviour & attitudes are significantly associated with several variables associated with social development, economic development, science & technological development, intellectual property right regime, geographical location, government policies, demographical profile, and cultural aspects of the people. This study creates entrepreneurship ecosystem development index (EEDI) and entrepreneurial behaviour & attitude index (EBAI) to explain the relative performance of entrepreneurship ecosystem and entrepreneurial behaviour & attitudes, respectively. Different indicators associated with entrepreneurship ecosystem and entrepreneurial behaviour & attitudes, respectively used to create EEDI and EBAI. These indicators are recognized as a key element of entrepreneurship ecosystem and entrepreneurial behaviour & attitudes by global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). Subsequently, it examined the association of estimated EEDI and EBAI by including some relevant indicators as control variables in proposed empirical models.

Persian Translation, Cross cultural Adaptation and Validity and Reliability of the Mental Health Literacy Knowledge Assessment Tool in Iranian Students

Introduction: The importance of mental health literacy is recognized as an essential component for increasing knowledge and changing attitudes towards mental health and mental illness in school students. To identify mental health problems, tools to measure knowledge of mental health literacy to cases, understanding mental health and mental illness, mental illness stigma, information about specific mental illnesses, experiences of mental illness، Assistance and the importance of positive mental health. The study aimed to translate, cultural adaptation and examine the validity and reliability of the mental health literacy knowledge assessment tool in Iranian students. Methods: The English version of the Mental Health Literacy Knowledge Measuring Tool was conducted with 28 knowledge questions and 8 attitude questions about mental disorders, initial translation, open translation and corrections. Then, the qualitative formalization of the questionnaire was reviewed and approved by 12 experts (psychiatrist, psychologist, educational sciences, health education and health promotion and biostatistics). To calculate the reliability, 30 students aged 13 to 15 completed the first Persian version of the questionnaire twice, 14 days apart. Results: In the translation of the tool, two questions were adapted and localized to Iranian culture. In the content validity check, the content validity ratio scale and the content validity index were calculated according to the tables of Lavshe, Waltz and Basel. CVI average of the items was 0/88 and in the CVR, questions 4 were unacceptable. Students’ Cronbach's alpha coefficient index of general health knowledge questions and attitude about mental disorders were obtained as 0/96 and 0/86, respectively and the Pearson correlation of the questions of the knowledge section was 0/93 and the attitude was 0/76, which is an acceptable reliability coefficient. Conclusion: The present tool is a tool for measuring mental health literacy knowledge that was translated and localized in Iran, which is useful for measuring mental health literacy among 13 to 15-year-old high school students. Using the mental health literacy knowledge measurement tool is suggested to increase knowledge and reduce the stigma of mental illness in order to improve mental health literacy in schools.

Spatial variation and predictors of composite index of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and behaviours among Ethiopian women: A spatial and multilevel analyses of the 2016 Demographic Health Survey.

Although the dissemination of health information is one of the pillars of HIV prevention efforts in Ethiopia, a large segment of women in the country still lack adequate HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and behaviours. Despite many studies being conducted in Ethiopia, they mostly focus on the level of women's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, failing to examine composite index of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour (KAB) domains comprehensively. In addition, the previous studies overlooked individual and community-level, and spatial predictors. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence, geographical variation (Hotspots), spatial predictors, and multilevel correlates of inadequate HIV/AIDS-Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour (HIV/AIDS-KAB) among Ethiopian women. The study conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, included 12,672 women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). A stratified, two-stage cluster sampling technique was used; a random selection of enumeration areas (clusters) followed by selecting households per cluster. Composite index of HIV/AIDS-KAB was assessed using 11 items encompassing HIV/AIDS prevention, transmission, and misconceptions. Spatial analysis was carried out using Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) was used to determine the non-randomness of the spatial variation in inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was performed, with the measure of association reported using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its corresponding 95% CI. The prevalence of inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB among Ethiopian women was 48.9% (95% CI: 48.1, 49.8), with significant spatial variations across regions (global Moran's I = 0.64, p<0.001). Ten most likely significant SaTScan clusters were identified with a high proportion of women with inadequate KAB. Somali and most parts of Afar regions were identified as hot spots for women with inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB. Higher odds of inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB was observed among women living in the poorest wealth quintile (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.18), rural residents (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.22), having no formal education (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 2.04, 3.48), non-autonomous (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: (1.43, 2.28), never listen to radio (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: (1.02, 2.39), never watched television (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.92), not having a mobile phone (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.88), and not visiting health facilities (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.72). The level of inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB in Ethiopia was high, with significant spatial variation across regions, and Somali, and Afar regions contributed much to this high prevalence. Thus, the government should work on integrating HIV/AIDS education and prevention efforts with existing reproductive health services, regular monitoring and evaluation, and collaboration and partnership to tackle this gap. Stakeholders in the health sector should strengthen their efforts to provide tailored health education, and information campaigns with an emphasis on women who lack formal education, live in rural areas, and poorest wealth quintile should be key measures to enhancing knowledge. enhanced effort is needed to increase women's autonomy to empower women to access HIV/AIDS information. The media agencies could prioritise the dissemination of culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS information to women of reproductive age. The identified hot spots with relatively poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS should be targeted during resource allocation and interventions.

Sport-related concussion knowledge and attitudes of staff working in English elite women’s football: a survey-based study

ABSTRACT Background Sport-related concussion (SRC) remains an injury of concern in sport, including football(soccer). There has been little investigation into SRC knowledge and attitudes of support staff working in the professional setting. Methods An amended version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey(RoCKAS) was distributed online to coaching staff, and medical and performance staff, working at clubs in the English Football Association Women’s SuperLeague (WSL) and Championship. Completion of the survey generated two scores: concussion knowledge index (CKI) and concussion attitudes index (CAI). Results Sixty-three completed surveys were returned. Eighteen respondents were coaching staff, and 45 were medical and performance staff. The median CKI in medical and performance staff was significantly greater than in coaching staff. There was no significant difference in CAIbetween coaching staff and medical and performance staff. There was no correlation between CKI and CAI across all staff. Conclusion Medical and performance staff working in elite women’s football have greater knowledge of SRC than coaching staff. However, this does not always translate into safe behaviours on the field. Education should continue to be mandated across the professional game amongst support staff in order to maximise player welfare and enhance injury outcomes, whilst also reinforcing present SRC guidance.

Gender differences in concussion-related knowledge, attitudes and reporting behaviors of varsity athletes.

Concussion is a pathophysiological process that occurs due to a traumatic biomechanical force. Concussions are an "invisible" and common traumatic brain injury with symptoms that may be underestimated. This necessitates fundamental improvements in public knowledge specifically addressing young university athletes and different genders. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the possibility of gender differences with respect to university student athletes' concussion knowledge, attitude and reporting behaviors. We hypothesized that there should be no significant difference in concussion knowledge among male and female student athletes; however, females would show a more positive attitude and more reporting behaviors than male student athletes. Overall, 115 university athlete students completed a survey questionnaire; we eliminated some participants based on required inclusion criteria of Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey-student version (RoCKAS-ST). Our final analysis consisted of 96 participants: 20 males (mean age 21.15 years) and 75 females (mean age 22.36 years). This study included questions about the athletes' given reasons for reporting or not reporting a concussion. Additionally, 33 RoCKAS-ST questions on Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) with fair test-retest reliability (r=0.67) and 15 items on Concussion Attitude Index (CAI) with satisfactory test-retest reliability (r=0.79) were provided. Males reported more sources for learning about concussions and more sport-related reasons for reporting a concussion than females (P<0.05). Both genders provided equal numbers of reasons for neglecting a concussion report or not disclosing a concussion for the sake of others (i.e., family, teammates or the coach). Out of 16 given reasons for not reporting a concussion, males significantly chose sport-related reasons over female athletes (P<0.05). Additionally, by looking at the two components of RoCKAS-ST, the independent t-test results showed no significant gender-based differences in concussion knowledge and attitude indices (P>0.05). Nevertheless, females were less optimistic about evaluating other athletes' attitude over concussion reporting (P<0.05). Our study indicated that concussion knowledge is not gender biased among Canadian university athletes; however, more investigation is required to learn how safe environments for concussion disclosure could encourage reporting the symptoms in varsity athletes, especially in males who are more susceptible to not reporting a concussion to not miss their sport-related goals.

Collegiate student-athletes concussion knowledge and attitudes: what a difference a decade Makes.

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in concussion knowledge and attitudes amongst incoming intercollegiate student-athletes over the course of a decade (2010-2012 vs 2021-2023). There were 592 student-athletes from 2 cohorts (2010-2012, 2021-2023) who completed the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (ROCKaS) questionnaire which is comprised of a concussion knowledge index (CKI, 0-24) and attitude index (CAI, 15-75) with higher scores reflecting better performance. A three factor ANOVA (Group, Sex, Concussion History) compared performance on the CKI and CAI. Individual questions were compared between groups with a Chi-Square analysis. For the CKI, there was a significant main effect for Group (2010-2012: 18.5 ± 2.6, 2021-2023: 19.4 ± 2.5, p < 0.001, . For the CAI, there was also a significant main effect for group (2010-2012: 52.9 ± 6.0, 2021-2023: 62.2 ± 6.5, p < 0.001, . The results of this study show a modest increase in concussion knowledge; however, large improvements in concussion attitudes were observed between groups. These results suggest a continued improvement in student-athlete concussion awareness and provide specific areas to continue addressing persistent misconceptions.

Effect of Hearing Status on Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes of Collegiate Athletes.

Collegiate athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HoH) are diagnosed with concussions at a similar rate as athletes who are hearing; however, little evidence exists on knowledge and attitudes of athletes who are D/HoH toward concussions. This study aimed to examine differences in knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions between athletes who are D/HoH and athletes who are hearing. Cross-sectional research design. Of the 310 athletes who are D/HoH and 430 athletes who are hearing that were invited to participate, 90 athletes who are D/HoH, and 72 athletes who are hearing completed the survey. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey was used to quantify knowledge of and attitude toward concussions. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey consists of the concussion knowledge index (CKI) and the concussion attitudes index (CAI) subscales. Linear regressions were run to test the association of hearing status with CKI and CAI scores. Pearson correlations were performed to determine relationships between CKI and CAI for athletes who are D/HoH and athletes who are hearing. Alpha level was set a priori at P ≤ .05. Athletes who are hearing demonstrated a higher CKI component score (19.58 [2.19]) compared to athletes who are D/HoH (16.14 [3.31]; P < .001). There were no statistical differences in CAI between hearing groups (hearing: 57.18 [8.73], D/HoH: 55.97 [9.92]; P = .41). There was a moderate positive correlation between CKI and CAI (r = .58) for athletes who are D/HoH, while a weak positive correlation (r = .30) for athletes who are hearing was observed. Athletes who are D/HoH have poorer knowledge of concussions but similar attitudes toward concussion as that of athletes who are hearing. Current concussion educational interventions are in written or spoken form which may not be inclusive to athletes who are D/HoH. Health care professionals should consider an athlete's preferred communication mode to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education.

An Examination of the Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Concussions in Texas High School and Junior High Coaches

Every state in the United States mandates concussion education annually or biennially for those involved in organized youth sports to improve awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward concussions. The purpose of this study was to examine Texas high school and junior high school coaches’ knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions using the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey—Coaches Version. Among all analyzed participants, the mean overall concussion knowledge index (Concussion Knowledge Index = 0–25) was 21 (SD = 1.79), while the overall concussion attitude index (Concussion Attitude Index = 15–75) was 63 (SD = 5.69). No significant differences for knowledge or attitude were found between gender, coaching level, sport type, geographical location, or school size (all p &gt; .10). Mandatory concussion education has resulted in high levels of knowledge about and favorable attitudes toward concussions in Texas junior high school and high school coaches, with similar findings to other research in this area.

Farmers’ Attitude towards Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Study in Manipur

The farmers’ psychological well-being has an impact on the adoption of sustainable farming practices. The key component involves attitude, which transforms covert behaviour into overt action. This study determined the socio-economic variables that influence farmers’ attitude towards adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The present study was carried out during 2021-23 in four districts of Manipur state on 320 respondents. In order to gauge the respondents’ attitude, an attitude scale was developed. Linear regression model was applied to investigate the variables that explained attitudes of farmers toward the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The findings of the study revealed that majority of respondents exhibited favourable attitude with an attitude index of 70.96. The variables age, family size, education, experience, landholding, extension contacts, social media, market orientation, product orientation, and risk orientation influenced the farmers’ attitudes toward adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Developing a feedback channel for farmers to discuss their experiences and difficulties on adoption of technology and formation of farmer’s cooperatives are imperative for bringing improvement in the farmers’ attitude.

The Impact of Open Data Implementation on Entrepreneurial Attitude with Regard to Moving towards UN Sustainability Goals

This study aimed to investigate the impact of open data implementation as part of its data governance initiatives on entrepreneurial attitudes in Europe and Central Asia. The impact of open data implementation in transforming entrepreneurial attitudes in Europe and Central Asia has never been determined or investigated in a measurable form. Using regression (OLS) analysis of secondary data on the open data implementation index from the Open Data Barometer (ODB) and the Entrepreneurial Attitude index from GEI, this study investigates the impact of open data implementation (as a national data governance strategy) on entrepreneurial attitudes in Europe and Central Asia. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating open data implementation into the analysis of entrepreneurial attitudes, a perspective yet to be explored in the context of Europe and Central Asia, thereby advancing our understanding of sustainable development goals. The study establishes a causation of the 32% impact of open data implementation on entrepreneurship attitudes toward recognizing opportunities in Europe and Central Asia. This study advocates for the establishment of a comprehensive national open data initiative as a catalyst for fostering entrepreneurial attitudes within Europe and Central Asia. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance for entrepreneurs to cultivate the necessary attitude for achieving their business objectives successfully. The study recommends further investigation using a recent dataset. The study’s findings improve the understanding of how to induce entrepreneurship attitudes in Europe and Central Asia in pursuit of post-pandemic economic development.

ANALISIS PREFERENSI KONSUMEN ANTARA MINYAK GORENG KEMASAN DAN CURAH DI PASAR BASAH MALL MANDONGA KOTA KENDARI

This study aims to determine consumer preferences between packaged and bulk cooking oil at the Mandonga Mall Wet Market, Kendari City. The determination of the research area was carried out purposively with the consideration that one of the largest markets in Kendari City is the Mandonga Mall Wet Market which is located on Jalan Lasandara, Korumba Village, Mandonga District, Kendari City. The number of samples in this study, for packaged cooking oil was 35 samples and bulk cooking oil was also 35 samples, so that the total number was 70 samples. Data analysis uses Chi Square analysis and Multiatribut Fishbein. The cooking oil that is consumer preference based on the consumer attitude index towards price attributes is packaged cooking oil with a consumer attitude index value of 18,43.

2333. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccination against COVID-19 among medical students at a private university in Lima – Peru

Abstract Background Vaccination against COVID-19 is one of the most important measures to reduce the spread, morbidity, and mortality of the disease. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccination against COVID-19 in medical students at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), for which an online survey was administered through e-mail and WhatsApp in July 2022. The following independent variables were evaluated: To be in the clinical phase of medical school (last four years), having more online classes ( &amp;gt;= 4 semesters with non-face-to-face classes), having received &amp;gt;= 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine, and having reliable sources of information (scientific articles, conferences, and seminars). Through linear regression multivariate analysis, we assessed the factors associated with the number of correct answers (knowledge), the standardized attitude index (attitudes), and the number of vaccine doses received (practice). Results A total of 352 medical students completed the survey. 96.6% of participants knew that vaccines improved immunity, and 91.2% believed they were effective in reducing hospitalizations, severe illness, and death. 98% of students agreed that the benefits of vaccination outweighed the risks, 90.9% would recommend the population to get vaccinated, and 59.1% agreed that vaccines were safe. 99.7% of respondents have received at least one dose of vaccine, of which 100% received at least two doses, 88% three, and 4.8% four or more. In the multivariate analysis, we found that being in the clinical phase of medical school was associated with a higher knowledge and a higher standardized attitude index. Having received &amp;gt;=3 doses was associated with a higher standardized attitude index. Lastly, having a higher standardized attitude index was associated with having received more vaccine doses. (Table. 1) Table 1 Conclusion Regarding vaccination against COVID-19, medical students at UPCH have a high level of knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practices. Our study suggests that educational strategies in the pre-clinical phase may be needed to improve knowledge and attitudes regarding vaccination. Also, a higher standardized attitude index may predict a higher number of vaccine doses. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Transformation of investor attitude towards financial markets: A perspective on the Russia–Ukraine conflict

AbstractThe ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has significantly affected global financial markets, requiring investors to adapt their attitudes accordingly. This study aims to explore the transformation of investor attitudes towards financial markets within the context of the Russia–Ukraine conflict. By analysing monthly data spanning from January 2021 to March 2023, including Standard and Poor 500 index, Bitcoin historical price, gross national income, US consumer price index and investor attitude index, various models such as regression, the vector error correction model, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and the granger causality model are utilized. The findings reveal a noteworthy and positive impact of investor attitude on returns in both markets. Positive investor sentiment is linked to higher returns and enhanced market confidence. Particularly, investor attitude's influence is particularly pronounced during wartime, as global net income exerts a significant negative effect on both markets. These findings emphasize the necessity of evaluating the financial health of industrial companies prior to making investment decisions amidst periods of conflict. Furthermore, the results provide remarkable guidelines for policymakers and investors, underscoring the necessity of tracking the investor attitudes during wartime and acknowledging their potential impact on investment decision‐making in financial markets.

Longitudinal associations between parental mathematics anxiety and attitudes and young children’s mathematics attainment

The associations between parental mathematics anxiety and attitudes and children’s mathematics attainment in early primary school were explored. Initially, parents of preschool children (Mage = 3;11 [years;months]) completed a questionnaire indexing parental mathematics anxiety and attitudes and the frequency of preschool home number experiences. The children completed mathematics assessments in their first year (n = 231, Mage = 5;2) and second year (n = 119, Mage = 6;3) of schooling and a mathematics anxiety questionnaire in their third year of schooling (n = 119, Mage = 6;7). A questionnaire indexing the frequency of primary school home number experiences was completed by 119 of the parents in their children’s second year of schooling (Mage = 6;0). All indices of parental mathematics anxiety and attitudes predicted children’s mathematics attainment in their first school year. These associations were independent of parental mathematics attainment and were not mediated by the frequency of preschool home number experiences. Furthermore, the positive association between preschool home number experiences and children’s mathematics attainment was not weaker in the context of high parental mathematics anxiety or negative parental mathematics attitudes. One index of parental mathematics attitudes predicted children’s mathematics attainment in their second school year, but this association was not significant when prior attainment was controlled. There was a stronger association between maternal mathematics anxiety and girls’ attainment versus boys’ attainment. Parental mathematics anxiety did not predict children’s mathematics anxiety. The findings suggest that children whose parents have high mathematics anxiety or negative mathematics attitudes are more likely to have lower mathematics attainment in their first year of school. However, the mechanism underpinning this association is not yet established.

Features of Self-Assessment Index of Attitude Toward Personal Health in Young Students

Partial lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic and difficulties in restoring social ties in the post-pandemic period led to noticeable changes in health awareness and attitudes toward personal health among young students. The goal was to identify the features of the self-assessment index of attitude toward personal health in students in the COVID and post-COVID periods.

Assessing the Sustainability Impacts of the Xiaolangdi Dam: Land Use and Socioeconomic Change in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin

This paper assesses the sustainability impacts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China after the Xiaolangdi Dam was constructed. Based on land use data interpreted from Landsat remote sensing images, covering the time period from 2000 to 2020 at 5-year intervals, this research uses a land dynamic attitude index and comprehensive index of land use degree to reveal the degree of land use type change in the study area and analyze the relationship between land use and social economy. The results show that urban and rural construction land is the land use type with the largest annual change rate, and the increase is most obvious from 2005 to 2010, growing by nearly 900 km2. The six types of land use in the research area changed sharply from 2000 to 2010, with grassland and unused land showing the most significant change. On the whole, the dynamic attitude of comprehensive land use tends to be stable. The comprehensive index analysis of land use degree indicates that the study area has developed in the direction of urban settlement. Population and GDP are the main driving factors affecting the constant change in land use types in this region, in which population growth and rapid economic development are the main factors leading to the decline of grassland area, and are also the main driving factors for the expansion of construction land. The research results provide a scientific basis for sustainable land use and development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin.

Attitude Towards Scientific Research in Peruvian Students of Communication Sciences

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively depict the attitudes towards scientific research held by students pursuing the professional career of communication sciences in Peru, while also discerning any distinctions between students hailing from public and private universities.&#x0D; &#x0D; Method: Employing a descriptive-comparative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design, this study assessed 838 university students from diverse backgrounds, encompassing both public (n=100) and private (n=182) universities. The data collection instruments encompassed a sociodemographic form as well as the Research Attitude Index.&#x0D; &#x0D; Result: The findings of this investigation unveiled discernible disparities in attitudes towards scientific research between students enrolled in public and private universities. Notably, students originating from private universities exhibited a markedly more positive disposition towards scientific research, as contrasted with their counterparts in public institutions. Furthermore, participants attending private universities reported heightened satisfaction regarding the caliber of their university, academic programs, curriculum, faculty, and research prospects. However, this group expressed diminished perceptions of institutional recognition and scholarship availabilities. Importantly, both groups of students demonstrated suboptimal levels of awareness pertaining to their scientific training.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: In light of the outcomes, it is evident that fostering research competencies among students is imperative. Furthermore, universities must allocate appropriate and pertinent resources to cultivate a propitious disposition towards scientific research. This study underscores the significance of enhancing students' research-oriented attitudes and illuminates the need for institutions to facilitate an environment conducive to the pursuit of scientific inquiry.