Self-efficacy is an important factor that affects the realization of students’ potential. Self-efficacy affects students’ behavior choice and persistence, students’ effort and attitude in face of difficulties and students’ mode of thinking and emotional response. Self-efficacy is one of the predictive factors that affect whether students can achieve the corresponding expected results or not. It affects the final result by affecting students’ motivation, emotion, thinking and behavior. This paper mainly discusses the role of students’ self-efficacy and its influencing factors in the process of education and teaching, as well as effective strategies to enhance students’ self-efficacy in the process of teaching.