Process Of Attitude Change Research Articles

Total Quality Management (TQM) in Gram Panchayats of Kerala: A Case of Derailed Mission

The charm of the Kerala Model of Decentralisation is its good governance initiatives and strategy of the People’s Plan Campaign (PPC). In addition, Total Quality Management (TQM) is implemented to improve the service delivery of Local Governments (LGs) and to obtain ISO certificate. This TQM-ISO mission is a process of attitude change and is considered as a step towards excellence in the service delivery of LGs. This article is a status review of the efficiency of TQM in LGs. The literature provides ample evidence that the TQM approach enhances citizens’ satisfaction. However, this study found that the TQM in LGs of Kerala become mechanistic. This is due to the overemphasis on hard aspects and ignoring soft aspects. Thus, the implementation of TQM in LGs is a derailed mission and a case of trivialisation. Based on the findings, this study suggests course correction and pursuing TQM in its letter and spirit.

A dynamic metaphor perspective on Trump and Xi's trade negotiation in governmental discourse

This article investigates the evolution of U.S.-China trade negotiation in governmental discourse under the presidencies of Donald Trump and Xi Jinping (2017–2021). Paying attention to the development of the political context, we examine trade metaphor use in American and Chinese governmental texts from a dynamic metaphor perspective. Based on the three dominant patterns of metaphoricity activation in the Trump and Xi trade corpora, the analyses reveal that trade metaphors in these governmental texts involve dynamic cognitive (metaphoricity transformation), affective (sentiment development), and socio-political (attitude change) processes. Unlike Cameron's (e.g., 2007) finding that the dynamics of metaphor use at a micro timescale (e.g., minutes) contribute to the reconciliation of discourse participants at a macro timescale (e.g., years), the results show that metaphoricity transformation across a micro timeline (e.g., days, months) does not advance the reconciliation across a macro timeline (years). Although the Trump-Xi trade dispute decreased at the end of 2019, the analyses of dynamic metaphors show that bilateral antagonistic perspectives continued for years.

The Theory That Won't Go Away: An Updated Review of the Role Hypnosis Plays in Mind Control

Over the years, hypnosis has been a central feature in descriptions of the process of behavior and attitude change that occurs in high-demand groups (HDGs, or cults). Cult specialist and mental-health counselor Steven Hassan (1989, 2000, 2014) has talked and written extensively about this process. In August 2000, Dr. Arthur Dole chaired a symposium at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA) entitled Can Hypnosis Explain Cult Conversion? Evidence From Science and Practice, which included a number of experts in the field (Dole et. al., 2000). In contrast to the premise suggested by these references, Spanish psychologist Jose Fernández Aguado (2015), in a provocative article entitled “Psychological Manipulation, Hypnosis, and Suggestion,” questioned the ability of hypnosis to induce people to engage in behaviors in ways they would not otherwise execute “out of” hypnosis.

Dual Process Models and Information Engagement: Testing Effects of Seeking, Scanning, and Trust in Sources on Attitudes Toward Marijuana

Abstract This study uses a three-wave prospective longitudinal survey (at 6-month intervals) to test effects of information seeking and scanning on attitudes toward marijuana among college students in Israel (N = 700). We integrate constructs from the elaboration likelihood model to contrast processes of attitude change among individuals who vary in moderators of information processing depth (motivation and ability). In addition, we test whether trust in the information source moderates these processes, and use propensity score matching to reduce bias. Results of autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models show that scanning from interpersonal sources predicted attitudes toward marijuana among individuals who were low in elaboration motivation or ability. Seeking and scanning information about marijuana from interpersonal sources were positively associated with attitudes toward marijuana among individuals higher in elaboration motivation and ability, who had greater trust in the source. Implications for information processing models, seeking and scanning, and campaigns are discussed.

Paralinguistic Features Communicated through Voice can Affect Appraisals of Confidence and Evaluative Judgments

This article unpacks the basic mechanisms by which paralinguistic features communicated through the voice can affect evaluative judgments and persuasion. Special emphasis is placed on exploring the rapidly emerging literature on vocal features linked to appraisals of confidence (e.g., vocal pitch, intonation, speech rate, loudness, etc.), and their subsequent impact on information processing and meta-cognitive processes of attitude change. The main goal of this review is to advance understanding of the different psychological processes by which paralinguistic markers of confidence can affect attitude change, specifying the conditions under which they are more likely to operate. In sum, we highlight the importance of considering basic mechanisms of attitude change to predict when and why appraisals of paralinguistic markers of confidence can lead to more or less persuasion.

Attitude Change Process in Group-Level Collaborative Activities: Descriptions of Interaction via a Conversation Analysis Approach

Attitude Change Process in Group-Level Collaborative Activities: Descriptions of Interaction via a Conversation Analysis Approach

Investigating the Impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Processes of Conceptual, Emotional, and Attitude Change

Through three separate studies, our research explored whether a mindfulness-based intervention could facilitate processes of conceptual change by evoking a heightened state of cognitive engagement with controversial topics in science including Genetically Modified Foods (Study One), Human-Induced Climate Change, (Study Two), and Fluoridated Water (Study Three). We used Dole and Sinatra’s (Educational Psychologist 33:109–128, 1998) Cognitive Reconstruction of Knowledge Model (CRKM) to operationalize conceptual change, focusing on knowledge, attitude, and emotional change during conceptual change. Using a pre and post design, in Studies One and Two, participants received a single-shot mindfulness intervention. Based upon the findings from Studies One and Two, we modified the design intervention for Study Three to include a mobile app–based mindfulness intervention to allow for more practice between pre and post data collection. Results of Study One revealed a significant difference on attitude change, however, in favor of the control condition. Results of Study Two revealed no significant differences between conditions. Results of Study Three were also null. The findings have implications for mindfulness and conceptual change strategies. Our null findings potentially suggest that the mindfulness interventions used were not potent enough, in terms of length and content, to generate the type of mindful engagement we predicted would occur.

Conservative and liberal attitudes drive polarized neural responses to political content

People tend to interpret political information in a manner that confirms their prior beliefs, a cognitive bias that contributes to rising political polarization. In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with semantic content analyses to investigate the neural mechanisms that underlie the biased processing of real-world political content. We scanned American participants with conservative-leaning or liberal-leaning immigration attitudes while they watched news clips, campaign ads, and public speeches related to immigration policy. We searched for evidence of "neural polarization": activity in the brain that diverges between people who hold liberal versus conservative political attitudes. Neural polarization was observed in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), a brain region associated with the interpretation of narrative content. Neural polarization in the DMPFC intensified during moments in the videos that included risk-related and moral-emotional language, highlighting content features most likely to drive divergent interpretations between conservatives and liberals. Finally, participants whose DMPFC activity closely matched that of the average conservative or the average liberal participant were more likely to change their attitudes in the direction of that group's position. Our work introduces a multimethod approach to study the neural basis of political cognition in naturalistic settings. Using this approach, we characterize how political attitudes biased information processing in the brain, the language most likely to drive polarized neural responses, and the consequences of biased processing for attitude change. Together, these results shed light on the psychological and neural underpinnings of how identical information is interpreted differently by conservatives and liberals.

Using persuasive refutation texts to prompt attitudinal and conceptual change.

We investigated knowledge and attitudes before and after reading refutation texts augmented by different kinds of persuasive information and how emotions mediated the process of knowledge and attitude change. Undergraduates (N = 424) enrolled in 4 universities from 3 countries read a refutation text on genetically modified foods (GMFs) and were then randomly assigned to receive additional information about advantages of GMFs, disadvantages of GMFs, or both. After studying, students reading about advantages of GMFs had significantly more positive attitudes than students who read about disadvantages. There was also a significant reduction in misconceptions; participants in the positive-oriented text condition showed the largest learning gains, particularly those who held more positive initial attitudes. Epistemic emotions of curiosity, frustration, hope, and enjoyment mediated attitude change while confusion mediated relations between prereading attitudes and postreading knowledge. In addition, the direct relationship between prior attitudes and surprise was moderated by type of text. When reading about both advantages and disadvantages of GMFs, participants reported significantly less surprise when compared with those who read about either advantages or disadvantages of GMFs. To foster conceptual change when learning about complex topics, refutation texts may be paired with persuasive information that is aligned with accurate conceptions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Towards a phenomenological account of social sensitivity

With the exception of James Ostrow’s 1990 study, social sensitivity has received scarce attention in philosophy, whilst it has become an important area of research in social and clinical psychology, where it is commonly known as interpersonal sensitivity. The latter is usually understood as a form of social skill to appropriately recognise and decode the appearance and behaviour of others. However, this view suffers from conceptual limitations in that it tends to reduce social sensitivity to standardised skilful behaviour. Drawing on Husserl’s phenomenology of perception, I disambiguate social sensitivity from social skills, arguing that the former builds on the receptivity of habit to beliefs and cognitive dissonance. In this revised sense, social sensitivity informs processes of attitude change that challenge ingrained dispositions and potentially defy social codes and expectations.

Facebook and the cultivation of ethnic diversity perceptions and attitudes

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply cultivation theory to social network sites by investigating how Facebook uses cultivates users' ethnic diversity perceptions and attitudes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ investigations include an online and offline survey study with 476 Facebook users and a follow-up experiment with 75 individuals.FindingsThe authors provide empirical support that Facebook use cultivates ethnic diversity perceptions and ethnic diversity-related attitudes. They show that Facebook use relates to perceptions of ethnic minorities that resemble the world on Facebook that is characterized by high ethnic diversity. The authors further demonstrate that the cultivation of ethnic diversity-related attitudes is mediated by diversity perceptions related to users' close social environment.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should consider culturally and educationally diverse samples as well as longitudinal research designs to address external validity and causality issues.Practical implicationsAlgorithms determining the content users are exposed should be thoughtfully curated to avoid attitudinal and ideological polarization.Social implicationsFacebook can play an important role in positively shaping intergroup relations, thereby countering negative outgroup attitudes, social anxieties and radical right-wing parties.Originality/valueThe authors’ studies extend the scope of cultivation research by identifying a new media vehicle as a source of cultivation influences and shed light on the cultivation-based process of attitude change on social network sites.

Attitudes toward hiring people with disabilities: A meta‐cognitive approach to persuasion

AbstractAttitudes toward hiring people with disabilities are becoming critical for promoting diversity and egalitarianism within organizations. The few interventions designed to promote positive attitudes toward people with disabilities have relied on changing either the direction and/or the amount of thoughts people generate with regard to this discriminated, understudied group. In the present research, we examine the impact of a different psychological process of attitude change based on meta‐cognition, or thinking about thinking. We used a meta‐cognitive approach to changing prejudiced attitudes because thoughtful processes are often overlooked or denied with regard to this particular group. Specifically, we explored the impact of thought confidence on attitude change across two studies designed to change attitudes toward the incorporation of people with disabilities in companies. In each study, participants first generated either positive or negative thoughts about the proposal (thought valence manipulation). Then, the confidence in those thoughts was measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Study 2). In concert with the self‐validation hypothesis, results showed that when thought confidence was relatively high (vs. low), thought valence had a greater impact on attitudes. Thus, thought valence was more predictive of attitudes when participants were confident in their thoughts. Specifically, confidence in thoughts enhanced persuasion for positive thoughts but reduced persuasion for negative thoughts. These findings provide insights into assessing effects of interventions aiming at improving attitudes toward the inclusion of minority groups in organizations.

The Influence of Schooling on the Stability and Mutability of Gender Attitudes: Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls in Zambia.

Inequitable gender norms are thought to harm lifelong health and well-being. We explore the process of gender attitude change and the role of schooling in shifting or reinforcing gender norms among adolescent girls in Zambia. We used longitudinal data collected from unmarried, vulnerable girls (aged 10-19years) as part of the Adolescent Girls Empowerment Program. We conducted random effects multinomial logistic regression to determine whether schooling-related factors were associated with shifts in adolescent girls' gender attitudes across three survey rounds and explored whether these relationships varied by age. Mean gender attitude scores at the aggregate level remained stable over time among rural girls and improved slightly for urban girls. At the individual level, about half the girls had relatively unchanged scores, whereas the other half shifted to higher or lower scores between rounds. Rural and urban girls currently attending school were more likely to have relatively stable equitable attitudes than stable, inequitable attitudes, or attitudes that shifted to inequitable. Educational attainment was not associated with shifts in gender attitudes among rural girls. Urban girls with higher educational attainment were more likely to have relatively stable equitable attitudes than stable, inequitable attitudes, or attitudes that shifted to inequitable or more equitable. Patterns of gender attitude stability and change differed more for urban girls than rural girls and varied by age and schooling-related factors. In general, schooling appears to be an institutional lever that holds promise for shifting gender attitudes toward greater equality. Our study highlights the importance of looking longitudinally at the effects of social context and reinforces calls for targeted, context-specific interventions for this age group.

Adolescence and Gender Equality in Health

Adolescence and Gender Equality in Health

Which of two opinions do you accept? The effect of cognitive resources on the attitude change process under persuasion from two individuals with different opinions

Which of two opinions do you accept? The effect of cognitive resources on the attitude change process under persuasion from two individuals with different opinions

Behind the Mask and Look Me in The Eye: Exploring the Relation of Self-Confidence With Conformity in Today’s Teenagers

Teenagers are particularly susceptible to conformity and apparently self-confidence plays a significant role in how teenagers make individual choices.Drawing on the relevance between the two, this creative project explores today’s teenagers’ manner on conformity and assesses how teenagers’ self-confidence is related to their decision to conform or not to conform. To understand how self-confidence and conformity relate to each other deeper, I use Herbert Kelman’s theory of the three processes of attitude change in conformity and Mastuti’s theory of self-confidence on self-confidence. This creative project is two plays of 30 minute play which explores about the same issue but is seen from different angle of perspectives. Behind the Mask focuses on how a teenager who has lack of self-confidence conforms to her peer group while Look Me in the Eye focuses on how a teenager who has self-confidence conforms to her peer group.Showing different angle of perspectives help me conveying my purpose of writing the plays which is to help teenagers understand that conformity in daily life is inevitable and how their self-confidence plays an important role so that they will not get influenced by conformity easily.For the genre, the plays use realistic drama as the genre conventions suit the style of my plays which portrays a conflict that happens in teenagers’ daily life in a realistic way.

Mirroring effects: Using psychodynamic-oriented video feedback to work on dyadic risk. A pilot experience

This study examines the qualitative and quantitative effects of a short-term, psychodynamically oriented video-feedback intervention in an Italian sample (n = 30) of non-clinical mothers with high potential dyadic risk due to work–family conflict. We adopted a psychodynamically informed and video-assisted approach based on theoretical and clinical assumptions that are used in psychodynamically oriented dialogue and observations. We proposed a cycle of four clinically oriented consultations including a single video feedback session, using the CARE-Index for both assessment and intervention. Independent t-tests were computed to evaluate how effective the programme was in reducing parental stress. We present two case examples in order to discuss the process of change in maternal attitudes activated by the programme. Quantitative findings revealed a drastic reduction of the participants’ resistance in recognising conflictual aspects of their parenting experience. From a qualitative perspective, the video feedback programme solicited three psychic functions: mirroring, resignifying and repairing. We highlight the key role of the observer’s countertransference and of her relationship with the mother in creating a safe and transformative setting. Results are encouraging in using our programme to help mothers to improve their holding function. We discuss possibilities for reinforcing the relevant changes obtained by extending the programme.

Proposta de Modelo Conceitual de Atitudes Implícitas e Explícitas no Varejo

Atitudes duplas, uma mais refletida (consciente) e outra mais impulsiva (inconsciente, ou automtica) podem ser desenvolvidas em relao a um mesmo objeto de atitude. Ao mesmo tempo, a maior parte das pesquisas em comportamento do consumidor no varejo estuda as influncias de marketing e do ambiente sobre o consumidor, e poucos estudos observam as influncias que os prprios consumidores exercem entre si. O varejo um espao compartilhado em que as atitudes duplas podem ser observadas, sob as influncias sociais. Este trabalho prope um modelo conceitual para estudo de fenmenos de consumo no varejo que estejam sujeitos a divergncia de avaliaes conscientes e inconscientes dos consumidores. Estabelecemos ainda proposies tericas fundamentadas no modelo conceitual em um campo de pesquisa que ainda pouco desenvolvido no mbito de marketing. Soma a isso o potencial dos fenmenos estudados por meio de processos duplos de formao e mudana de atitudes produzirem concluses complementares ou at diferentes para pesquisadores e gestores.

Current state of narrative persuasion research and the process of attitude change

Current state of narrative persuasion research and the process of attitude change

Understanding attitudes and their effects on nursing practice.

Attitudes are of crucial importance in nursing. Attitudes help us to understand how people perceive issues and processes in care and determine what they deem important, good, relevant and appropriate. We should understand attitudes if we are to provide collaborative, patient-centred care; however, they are poorly understood. This article enables the reader to examine attitudes and their constituent beliefs and values. It explores the function of attitudes, considers how they are formed and reflects on the process of attitude change, examining how persuasion can be used to enable individuals to revisit behaviours that seem problematic or less effective.