Type Of Attachment Research Articles

Research on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Mental Health (Depression and Anxiety) among Chinese University Students

Abstract: Mental health problems are becoming more serious globally. Relevant literature suggests that insecure attachment has the potential to lead to a range of mental health problems. And increasing attachment security can greatly improve psychological resilience and overall mental health. In this study, 103 Chinese university students were selected to investigate the relationship between their attachment styles and their mental health, especially depression and anxiety. A structured questionnaire based on the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-R) was used to assess participants' attachment-related anxiety and avoidance, and the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were used to assess mental health indicators. The findings reveal that significant differences in depression and anxiety levels between attachment types. Individuals with secure attachment styles exhibit significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety compared to those with insecure attachment styles, such as preoccupied, dismissive. In addition, attachment-related anxiety and avoidance scores could predict depression and anxiety levels. These results underscore the protective nature of secure attachment and highlight the importance of considering attachment styles in mental health interventions.

Oral Candidiasis in a Diabetic Patient Wearing Bar-Retained Provisional Overdenture: Clinical Case Report

Background: Denture stomatitis is a clinical manifestation of oral candidiasis, often seen in individuals wearing removable dentures that lead to the formation of sub-prosthetic stomatitis. This is particularly common in maladjusted appliances that have been in use for many years. Studies have shown that patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes, or other medical complexities, have a higher likelihood of developing denture stomatitis. To address this problem, the use of implant-retained dentures with different types of attachments has been introduced, providing increased comfort and hygiene for edentulous patients. However, this solution is not without its own set of challenges, being that the prolonged contact with mucosal surfaces can lead to challenges in cleaning and managing plaque depending on the attachment. Case Presentation: In this clinical case report, we present a female patient who developed bar-retained prosthetic stomatitis induced by oral candidiasis a few months after receiving her provisional prosthesis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this case report emphasizes the need to consider both systemic and local factors when preventing and treating denture stomatitis. By understanding the risk factors involved, healthcare professionals can provide their patients with the best possible care, helping to reduce the prevalence of oral candidiasis in individuals who use implant-retained dentures.

Effects of Attachment and Emotional Feedback on Intimate Relationships

Using information from recent psychology studies, the review examines how attachment types and emotional feedback affect interpersonal relationships, particularly in intimate relationships with adults. Attachment theory, which is deeply rooted in the foundational studies conducted by the renowned psychologist John Bowlby, posits that individuals’ behaviors and emotions in their interactions with others within the context of relationships are significantly influenced and molded by the initial interactions they have with their primary caregivers during the early stages of their lives. This study looks at how happiness in relationships, emotional control, and conflict resolution are affected by secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment styles. Furthermore, partners’ spoken and nonverbal emotional input greatly influences the character of the relationship. While negative reactions may foster insecurity, positive replies often reinforce good attachment practices. Several research outcomes are included in this article to shed light on how attachment and emotional feedback interact. In closing, the study indicates directions for further investigation, particularly with regard to digital communication and diversity.

O-Ring and Bar-Clip: A Comparative Analysis of Retention in Overdenture Prostheses - A Systematic Review.

Mandibular implant-supported overdentures (IODs) show higher retention than conventional complete dentures. However, there is no consensus on the best attachment to ensure resistance to vertical displacement. The most used are o-ring and bar-clip. This systematic review answered "Which type of attachment for overdenture prosthesis provides higher retention: o-ring or bar-clip? The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was followed and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The search was applied to 5 databases and grey literature. The selection process occurred in two blinded steps by the reviewers following the eligibility criteria: a randomized clinical trial comparing retention between o-ring and bar-clip in IODs. The risk of bias was analyzed by RoB II. 206 articles were found, and after removing the duplicates 136 were evaluated by title and abstract of which 24 were selected for full reading, 5 met the eligibility criteria, and all had a high risk of bias. The bar-clip provided higher retention than o-ring in four studies. The bar-clip system provides a higher retention rate than the o-ring. In addition, the selection of attachment systems is dependent on the patient's anatomical-functional and economic conditions.

Insecure attachment styles in adolescents at risk for eating disorders.

The present study examines insecure attachment styles in female adolescents, who are at risk for developing eating disorders. A second goal was to investigate whether attachment styles differentiate between high risk for anorexia and high risk for bulimia. A total of 150 adolescents were divided into four risk groups: High risk for anorexia, high risk for bulimia, medium risk and control group. The attachment styles were assessed using the Experience in Close Relationships Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. Anxiety Attachment, but not Avoidance Attachment, was found to characterize those adolescents who are at risk for ED (AN + BN), and especially for those at high-risk for BN. The present results do not support the notion of an avoidance of emotional intimacy, characterizing the avoidant attachment style of those presenting with AN. Preoccupied Attachment style was found to characterize high-risk for BN, but not high-risk for AN, while the Insecure, Fearful, and Dismissing Attachment types did not differentiate between these two high-risk groups. This study highlights the dominant attachment style in adolescents at high risk for developing ED: The Anxiety Attachment style for AN and BN, and the Preoccupied Attachment style for BN but not for AN.

Relationship Between Types Of Parental Attachment, Levels Of Self-Esteem, And Perceived Academic Performance Among Students In Mixed-Day Secondary Schools In Masinga Sub-County In Machakos County, Kenya

This study investigated the relationship between types of parental attachment, levels of self-esteem and academic performance among students in Mixed-day secondary schools in Masinga Sub- County, Machakos County, Kenya. The objectives included assessing types of parental attachment, examining self-esteem levels, assessing levels of academic performance, and establishing the relationship between these variables. Materials and Methods: The study was informed by Maslow’s theory of need and Bowlby’s attachment theory and adopted correlational research design. The target population comprised 4,796 students, with a sample size of 356 participants selected through simple random sampling. Parental Attachment Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Demographic Questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) software, descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis) were used to analyze data. Results: The study found that most (53.3%, n = 213) of the participants scored anxious parental attachment, 25.4% (n = 121) were at avoidance parental attachment, and 21.3% (n = 105) had secure parental attachment. It was also found that 70.5% (n = 281) of the participants scored low self-esteem, 6.7% (n = 27) were at high self-esteem and 43.6% (n = 174) were average in academic performance, 42.9% (n = 171) had low academic performance, while 13.5% (n = 54) had a high academic performance. Conclusion: The study established a negative but significant relationship (r = -.852, p =.000) between avoidance parental attachment and self-esteem. There was a moderate significant relationship (r = -.313, p =.000 ≤ 0.05) between anxious parental attachment and self-esteem. There was a high positive significant relationship (r = .766, p =.000 ≤ 0.05) between secure parental attachment and self-esteem. There was a strong positive significant relationship (r = .630, p = .003, ≤ 0.05) between secure attachment style and perceived academic performance. The study recommended that parents should listen to their children and be fully present in their lives. The parents should be made aware of the crucial stage of development of their adolescents and fully collaborate with teachers in school activities whenever they are called upon

Secure base and mental health in children: a narrative review.

Childhood is a crucial period for the formation of an individual's attachment type. Previous studies focused more on how to directly intervene in children's mental health problems such as depression, and less on how to improve children's mental health from the perspective of attachment relationship. Secure base, as one of the core concepts of attachment theory, plays an important role in the whole process of children's psychological development. In this article, we review the concept of the secure base, describe current clinical practice and suggest future directions. A literature search was performed within electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI. Chinese and English articles focusing on the secure base and attachment relationship among children were retrieved. Their publication dates were set from the inception of the database to August 6, 2024. While the secure base significantly impacts early childhood, a safe base may also be established through group and teacher-student relationships to activate individual secure attachment schemas. Most prior studies concentrated on the mother-child bond, with limited exploration of the father's role in the family dynamic. Furthermore, children's secure attachment development is not only influenced by parents' secure base script knowledge (SBSK) but also by intergenerational transmission. The underlying structure of secure base scripting knowledge plays a distinct role in middle childhood mental health. The mechanism by which family structure, the functional division of family roles, and the potential structure of safe-base script knowledge influence children's secure attachment development at various stages warrants further elucidation, including investigating cross-gender and cross-cultural stability. To facilitate the development of children's secure attachment pathways, it is essential to consider different attachment styles within parents and diverse family structures (including those in lesbian, gay, bisexual). From a clinical psychotherapy perspective, this review offered novel insights and practical guidance on how the secure base mechanism impacts children's mental health, with the overarching goal of mitigating the risk of mental health problems.

Ten-Year Follow-Up of Oral Implants in Bone With Limited Bucco-Oral Dimensions: A Prospective Case Series.

It has been suggested that 1-2 mm of bone width at the buccal and lingual aspect is required for a successful long-term implant outcome. Low levels of evidence support this minimum threshold of bone width. This prospective study aimed at evaluating the outcome of implants placed in alveolar ridges with limited bucco-oral dimensions. One-hundred implants (dia. 3.5 mm) were placed in 28 patients with narrow alveolar ridge dimensions (<4.5 mm width) without augmentation procedures and conventionally loaded. Intra-oral radiographs were taken at implant placement and abutment connection and at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years of follow-up. At the 10-year follow-up (21 patients; 75 implants), full-mouth periodontal charting was performed, and the peri-implant keratinized tissue width and attachment type were recorded. Two calibrated periodontists analysed the peri-implant bone changes. After 10 years, all implants showed successful osseointegration and a cumulative survival rate of 100%. The implants were placed 0.85 mm ± 0.89 mm subcrestally. After 10 years, the marginal bone was located 1.59 ± 2.11 mm apical to the implant shoulder. Throughout this period of follow-up, the mean annual marginal bone loss was 0.094 mm. Furthermore, 84% of implants in 72% of patients presented with bleeding on probing. After 10 years of functional loading, implants placed in alveolar ridges with limited bucco-oral dimensions (≤4.5 mm) exhibited only minimum marginal bone loss.

“The Ocean is a Part of Me”: The Importance of Coastal Place Attachment to Well-Being and Implications for Coastal Access Management

Public coastal access is a growing issue in coastal management, particularly as both environmental changes and increased coastal development threaten existing public coastal access points around the country. This has implications both economically and on non-economic factors such as individual and community well-being. Through a mixed-methods case study of coastal users in Rhode Island (n = 200 surveys and n = 29 interviews), this study explores the concept of attachment to coasts as a specific type of place attachment by identifying Coastal Place Attachment (CPA) as a concept, developing a quantitative index to measure CPA, and qualitatively describing the value that coastal attachment brings to well-being. Results show that individuals do have a unique attachment to coastal environments that is not transferable to other natural areas, although it may be generalizable to other coastal areas. We also document how this attachment provides important contributions to psychological, physical, and social well-being. Implications for coastal access management are discussed.

Adult attachment and dehumanization among Chinese college students: trait attachment and state attachment perspectives.

Current social issues such as bullying, online violence, and local conflicts are all prominent topics in the field of psychology and linked to dehumanization. However, research on dehumanization from a non-Western background has been rare. As a key factor influencing individual behavior, attachment has not been sufficiently integrated into studies on dehumanization. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence to explore the relationship between adult attachment (both trait and state) and dehumanization. The sample consisted of college students from China. In Study 1 (N = 705) latent profile analysis was employed to exploring the potential categories of trait adult attachment in China, and to investigate how these categories impact dehumanization. Study 2 (N = 281) focused on activating secure attachment and examined the effects of three state attachment types, security, avoidance and anxiety, on dehumanization. Study 1 identified four types of adult attachment: preoccupied, secure, fearful, and dismissing, and revealed that these different attachment types have varying impacts on dehumanization. Study 2 showed that both security and avoidance predict dehumanization. This research established a link between adult attachment and dehumanization, offering new insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying dehumanization and suggesting novel strategies for its prevention and intervention.

A case report on the management of mandibular midline diastema by using laser as a treatment modality

A frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that connects the labial mucosa (lips) to the gingiva or that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth and hence providing support to the lips and the tongue. The normal frenal attachment is at the level of mucogingival junction (mucosal) and hence maintaining a balance between the interproximal contacts of the anterior teeth of either maxilla or mandible. But if this frenal attachment is high or in other words if there is a an aberrant frenum, then this type of frenal attachment either results in spacing between the anterior teeth or in some cases can lead to the loss of gingival embrasure resulting in the creation of black triangle between the anterior teeth. Present case report is on a 38 years old female whose chief complaint was spacing between the mandibular central incisors and upon intraoral examination, it was noted that there was an aberrant frenum which has also resulted in loss of gingival embrasure between the mandibular anterior teeth and hence this aberrant frenum was treated by a process called frenectomy by using a thermal treatment modality called as Laser. Upon follow up after 1 week, there was a reduction in spacing between mandibular central incisors.

Influence of Damping Plate Size on Pitch Motion Response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

For floating offshore wind turbines, a significant pitch and roll motion response of the platform can affect the acceleration and power generation of the nacelle. The damping plate is considered a type of attachment that can be used to reduce rotational motion, but research on its anti-rotational effect is limited. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of installing damping plates and varying their sizes on the pitch motion response of semi-submersible platforms, while also proposing optimization strategies for damping plate design. Firstly, a comparison between numerical simulations and experimental measurements validates the accuracy of the CFD calculations. Subsequently, different sizes of damping plates are proposed for the platforms, followed by simulations under various conditions. Finally, comprehensive data analysis is conducted. The findings suggest that installing damping plates enhances both the platform’s added moment of inertia and damping coefficients while simultaneously amplifying its motion response in regular waves. Furthermore, increasing the size of damping plates leads to an increase in both the added moment of inertia and motion response for the platform, whereas the damping coefficient exhibits an initial increasing trend followed by a subsequent decrease. Ultimately, it is found that increasing the distance between damping plates and the free surface significantly reduces wave-induced loads on the platform.

Привязанность как необходимость в защите и безопасности

&lt;p&gt;The work aims to clarify the concept of &amp;ldquo;attachment&amp;rdquo;. The article, based on materials from foreign sources, examines the development of the main provisions of attachment theory. Attachment is based on an evolutionary need for survival. Depending on the connection with security, the following types of attachment are distinguished: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment, and disorganized attachment. For a child, attachment is important for safety and survival. However, attachment style can undergo changes and adaptation to varying degrees in light of different life experiences. Attachment theory suggests that the way the bond develops between a child and their mother early in life will influence their sense of security and social, emotional, and mental development later in life. Research on this topic shows that the initial relationships formed at the very beginning of life give rise to the attachment style characteristic of a person in adulthood, which, as a rule, underlies the degree to which a person feels safe and emotionally secure in different relationships throughout their life. The quality of attachment helps shape a child's internal model of behavior regarding the social world, predicting how well children function in their relationships with teachers and friends, as well as their curiosity and motivation to solve problems. Conclusion: For humans, attachment is important for security and survival. At the same time, attachment style may undergo changes and adaptation to varying degrees in light of different life experiences.&lt;/p&gt;

Influence of implant number on the retention and support of mandibular overdentures

Background: There are two distinct categories of attachments—magnetic attachments and positioner attachments—currently in use for dental implants. Many implants required for implant-retained overdentures need support from implant-retained overdentures. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different implant numbers and attachment types on the retention and support of implant-retained overdentures. Methods: This experimental work involved the utilization of a model that replicated a mandibular edentulous arch, a total of five models. Within this model, seven dental implant analogues were implanted to mimic the tooth positioning observed in the natural dentition. Thirty-five titanium dental implant analogues (Dentium, South Korea) were employed in this study. A total of ten overdenture housings were fabricated using 3D printer acrylic resin, with each housing including a specific type of attachment (magnetic and positioner attachment). These attachments were equipped with three loops that were affixed to the occlusal surface of the housing. Subsequently, three chains were connected between the loops and a force gauge testing equipment. Results: The positioner was found to be more retentive and supportive than the magnetic one in the three directions of the dislodgement test as well as under unilateral and bilateral load, according to an independent t-test comparing magnetic and positioner attachment (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Depending on the method of attachment that is used, variations in implant number have varying effects on the retention and support of an implant-held overdenture.

Role of maternal imago transformation in psychotherapeutic process

In modern psychology, the topic of human attachments is part of the issue of social relations between people, their regulation in the field of education, upbringing, and psychotherapy. The formation of attachment types is rooted in family communication systems characterized by family rules, personal boundaries, and direct communication. Individual and family psychotherapy offers many effective tools for developing family systems and compensating for the negative effects of their influence on the individual. The family system allows each family member to consolidate the foundations of narcissistic identity, as well as become a subject of their own history and a social subject. Each child is born mentally in the heart of an existing family psychic apparatus, which is supported by a socio-cultural matrix. Culture contains and maintains the syncretic background of the psyche and supports the process of psychic structuring. Interactions and affective exchange have psychic consequences, and the emergence of representations demonstrates the role of caregivers. Psychoanalytic theory is based on the basic premise that the representation of an object arises from the reactivation of traces of pleasure associated with the experience of need satisfaction that unites infants and their mothers. An exceptional place in the inner life of a person is occupied by the unconscious image of the mother, the maternal imago, the change of which entails a transformation of attitudes towards the world, society, people and oneself, which has led to the relevance of this research topic. The object of study of the article is the maternal imago. The subject of the study is the process of transformation of the maternal imago in psychoanalytic work. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of changing the maternal imago in the process of psychoanalytic work and the reflection of these changes on the client’s attitude towards himself and others.

Structural Relationships among Mentalization, Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Problem Drinking in New Middle-Aged: A Multigroup Analysis According to Adult Attachment Types

Structural Relationships among Mentalization, Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Problem Drinking in New Middle-Aged: A Multigroup Analysis According to Adult Attachment Types

Relationship of Biological and Environmental Factors with Social Isolation Using Hikki and Dead Inside as Examples

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of a set of factors leading to voluntary self-isolation of young people in Russia. A number of foreign studies have documented voluntary withdrawal from social life and the desire for complete social isolation among young people. This phenomenon was first described in Japan and labeled as “hikikomori”. Many of the hikikomori did not have mental disorders to explain their reclusiveness, and therefore a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the formation of such maladaptive behavior was proposed.Objective. To test the causal relationship between social exclusion, nervous system characteristics, and attachment type in members of the hikki and dead inside subcultures.Materials and Methods. Sixty-eight people (48 women and 20 men) participated in the study. Of them, the conditional norm was 36 people, 20 were dead inside, and 12 were hikkas. To assess the peculiarities of the nervous system we used express-diagnostics of the nervous system types on the basis of J. Streliau’s method of temperament diagnostics; to study the attachment types we used the method “Self-assessment of the generalized type of attachment” adapted by T. V. Kazantseva; to study child-parent relations we used the author’s questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis were used as methods of statistical data processing.Results. The study confirmed the biopsychosocial model of social isolation, which is the result of nervous system features interrelated with the formation of relationships with parents and attachment type, which in turn is related to the formation of relationships with peers.Discussion. According to the results of the study, it was found that the predictors of social reclusiveness of hikikomori are increased excitability of the nervous system, which turns any social contacts into painful ones, while the representatives of dead inside, on the contrary, experience too weak reactions to external and internal stimuli, which also affects social adaptation.

Association of Frenum Attachments with Age and Gender in a Sample of Iraqi People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The labial frenum is a thin fold of oral mucosa that contains muscle fibers. It connects the lips to the tissues and bones around the upper and lower teeth. Objective: To assess the various types of labial frenal attachments in the upper and lower jaws, as well as their relationship with age and gender, in a sample of the Iraqi population. Methods: The study includes 1,939 subjects (978 males and 961 females) with an age range of 10 to 70 years. These individuals visited the Periodontics Department of Dentistry at Al-Rafidain University College in Baghdad, Iraq, from October 2021 to April 2023. The patients were categorized into age subgroups: 10–30 years, 31–50 years, and 51–70 years. Descriptive statistics estimate frequencies and percentages, and the Chi-square test compares the results. Results: The total number of labial frenum attachments, encompassing both upper and lower attachments, varies between males and females. There are 1397 gingival attachments (36.02%), 1793 mucosal attachments (46.24%), 567 papillary attachments (14.62%), and 121 papillary penetrating attachments (3.12%) in both sexes. In both sexes, there is a significant correlation between age and different upper and lower labial frenum attachment categories. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between gender and the upper and lower labial frenum attachment categories. Conclusions: In the maxilla, the gingival attachment was more prevalent, followed by the mucosal attachment. However, we detect the mucosa attachment in the mandible, followed by the gingiva attachment. There was a significant relationship between frenum attachment, age, and gender.

Accuracy of clear aligners in the orthodontic rotational movement using different attachment configurations.

To evaluate the accuracy of dental rotational movements using clear aligners with different attachment configurations. This retrospective study analysed 212 teeth from 89 patients undergoing Invisalign treatment. Digital models were analysed after the virtual treatment plan (ST1) and after the first treatment phase (ET1) to evaluate the effective clinical rotational movement. The rotational movements of incisors, canines, and bicuspids were measured using data from the Clincheck Movements Table. ST1 and ET1 were compared to determine the actual rotational movement achieved (ST1-ET1). The presence or absence of attachments (rectangular or optimized) on teeth was analysed. The accuracy of rotational movements among attachment types was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple linear regressions were conducted with accuracy as the dependent variable and tooth type, gender, and age as predictors. Optimized attachments had the highest median accuracy (70%), followed by rectangular (65%), and without attachment (63%), with no significant differences (p = .5). There were no significant differences across age groups, genders, or tooth types. Baseline accuracy was 68.62% (95% CI: 56.03-81.20, p < .001). Age was a significant predictor (estimate = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.58 - -0.03, p = .032), indicating decreased accuracy with increasing age. The model's R2 was 0.046, with an adjusted R2 of 0.003, indicating minimal variance explained. The addition of attachment configurations to clear aligners improves rotational accuracy, but not significantly. Further advancements in these configurations are needed to enhance the performance of the aligners.

Oral health self-perception, maximum bite force and masticatory efficiency in patients with overdentures with different attachment systems-A crossover study.

The literature is unclear about how the different attachment systems for overdentures impact the maximum bite force, the masticatory efficiency and how this impact in the oral health self-perception in patients. To evaluate the effect of two attachment systems (O-ring and Locator) for mandibular overdenture using single implant on quality of life, maximum bite force (BF) and masticatory efficiency (ME). Twenty-eight completely edentulous denture wearers with a mandibular symphysis implant were randomly selected and allocated into two groups in a crossover study, considering O-ring and Locator attachment types. The quality of life and self-perception of oral health were assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Edent) and Geriatric Index of Determination of Oral Health (GOHAI) questionnaires, respectively. BF was measured using a gnathodynamometer and ME by chewing silicone cubes and almonds in different numbers of cycles. There was no difference between the attachment systems about self-perceived oral health and impact on quality of life (p > .05). The O-ring-type system obtained a significantly higher BF than the locator-type system (p = .04). Regardless of the food chewed, no statistically significant difference was observed with the type of attachment (p > .05). The ME was directly proportional to the masticatory cycles only for almonds (p < .01). Locator and O-ring inserts had a similar impact on patients' quality of life, self-perception of oral health and ME. Additionally, the O-ring system exhibited superior properties in the BF.