Atrophy Of Muscle Tissue Research Articles

EFFECT OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATE IN DENERVATION-INDUCED SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY

The aim: To evaluate muscle changes after sciatic nerve damage with the injection of bone marrow aspirate cells. Materials and methods: 36 rabbits underwent sciatic nerve cross-section and neuroraphy, bone marrow aspirate cells were injected directly or 7 weeks after neuroraphy. Changes in skeletal muscle morphology (photomicrographs of histological sections were analyzed for morphometric analysis of collagen region, quantitative analysis of conducted collagen density and measurement of muscle fibers diameter) and biochemical parameters (catalase activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase measurements and level of TBARS was determined) at 8, 12, and 16 weeks were examined. Results: There is atrophy of muscle fibers in denervated muscles, and it has a negative tendency between 8 and 12 weeks. Delayed bone marrow aspirate cells injection into the muscles at 7 week – delayed atrophy and formation of TBA reactive substances. But bone marrow aspirate cells injection into the muscles directly after neuroraphy increased collagen formation, and development of fibrosis in areas of atrophy. Conclusions: Sciatic nerve injury results in atrophy of muscle tissue, which is partially delayed after delayed bone marrow aspirate cells injection at week 7. Muscle atrophy was characterized by a sharp increase in TBARS levels at 12 and 16 weeks and catalase activity at 12 weeks, and changes in biochemical parameters were partially normalized after the use of cell aspirates, to a greater extent with delayed injection.

Effect Of Immobilization On Intramuscular Fat Of The Thigh Muscle Groups

It is well known that muscle atrophy and increase in fat fraction within a given muscle, i.e. intramuscular fat (IMF), is induced as a result of immobilization. It is speculated that increase in IMF content (%IMF) is associated with inactivity, mitochondrial dysfunction and/or adipocytokine actions resulted in insulin resistance. It is not well documented that %IMF increase by immobilization is due to the absolute amount of IMF increases or relative amount of IMF change by atrophy of muscle tissue (MT). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the change of IMF, MT and %IMF during immobilization in the thigh muscle. METHODS: Five patients (65.0 ± 16.7 years, 3 female and 2 male) with fracture of fifth metatarsal bone or fibula participated in this study. Subjects’ involved ankle joint was fixed by plaster cast for 4 to 5 weeks. Axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images at the mid-thigh were taken just after initiating (pre) and 4 weeks later (post) of immobilization. MIVAP software was used to calculate IMF component, essentially as done previously (Akima et al. 2012). On the pixel number and signal intensity histogram within regions of interest which containing approximately ∼50% muscle and 50% fat, we determined signal intensity that divide into fat and MT by Otsu thresholding technique. We also measured cross-sectional area (CSA) of IMF and MT to calculated %IMF [= IMF CSA / (IMF CSA + MT CSA) * 100]. RESULTS: %IMF significantly increased in the quadriceps femoris (QF) compared pre and post, while no changes in hamstrings and adductor. We further investigated individual muscles of QF and found no significant change in IMF among each individual muscle. However, there was significantly decreased in vastus latetaris MT (pre: 14.5 ± 4.0 cm2 vs. post: 12.6 ± 3.8 cm2, p < 0.05), restus femoris MT (pre: 5.9 ± 2.3 cm2 vs. post: 5.2 ± 1.9 cm2, p < 0.05) and vastus intermedius MT (pre: 14.1 ± 3.3 cm2 vs. post: 12.7 ± 3.8 cm2, p < 0.05). Additionally, %IMF significantly increased in vastus latetaris (pre: 10.5 ± 4.5 % vs. post: 17.2 ± 3.9 %, p < 0.05), while no changes in the other muscles. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of %IMF changes was specific in muscle groups and individual muscles within QF by immobilization. In addition, we should note that this change of %IMF was associated with decrease of skeletal MT, not absolute IMF change.

The Use of Gluteal Subfascial Implant for Gluteal Atrophy due to Injection: A Case Report

Abstract A 20 years old female patient with muscle and subcutaneous tissue atrophy in the left gluteal region was admitted to our clinic. She had gluteal injection in this area when she was 5 years old. After the injection, gluteal atrophy occurred at the injection site. The patient underwent subfascial gluteal implant placement operation. In one-year follow-up, no postoperative complication was observed. After 1 year the patient underwent an operation of liposuction from non-augmented side and lipofillig to the augmented side to obtain more gluteal symmetry.. Key Words: Gluteal atrophy; subfascial implant; gluteal injection

1407 BIOFABRICATION OF INNERVATED MUSCLE TISSUE FOR ACCELERATED RESTORATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION

You have accessJournal of UrologyTechnology & Instruments: Robotics: Benign & Malignant Disease (II)1 Apr 20131407 BIOFABRICATION OF INNERVATED MUSCLE TISSUE FOR ACCELERATED RESTORATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION Hyun-Wook Kang, In Kap Ko, Cheil Kim, Sang Jin Lee, Anthony Atala, and James Yoo Hyun-Wook KangHyun-Wook Kang Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , In Kap KoIn Kap Ko Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , Cheil KimCheil Kim Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , Sang Jin LeeSang Jin Lee Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author , and James YooJames Yoo Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.2761AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Building a clinically applicable muscle tissue with necessary tissue organization and function would be a major advance in reconstructive surgery. To achieve functional recovery in vivo, bioengineered muscle tissues must be integrated with the host nervous system following implantation. Failure of innervation results in muscle tissue atrophy. Therefore, timely integration of host nerve into bioengineered muscle tissue is critical to successful recovery of function. To overcome these limitations, we aimed to develop organized muscle tissue constructs with neuromuscular junction in vitro and to test innervation efficiency of the muscle construct in vivo. METHODS An integrated organ printing system was developed to print implantable tissue structures using a 3-D CAD model. Muscle tissue constructs were generated by printing muscle cells (C2C12 cells; 2ü∼106 cells/ml) suspended in a mixture of gelatin (40 mg/ml), hyaluronic acid (3 mg/ml), glycerol (10% v/v) and fibrinogen (30 mg/ml), followed by addition of cold thrombin (20∼30 U/ml) for 30 minutes for fibrin gel formation. The bioprinted muscle constructs were cultured to induce differentiation of muscle cells into muscle fibers, and then treated with agrin to pre-pattern acetylcholine receptors on the fibers. The muscle constructs were integrated with mobilized host sciatic nerve and implanted subcutaneously (ectopically) in nude rats. The constructs were retrieved and examined with histological (H&E) and immunohistological methods (MHC and alpha-BTX) at different time points. RESULTS The bioprinted muscle tissue constructs maintained their structural organization, consisting of viable muscle fiber bundles in culture. More importantly, the fiber bundles expressed muscle-specific characteristics after induction of cellular differentiation as well as acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression by agrin treatment. The retrieved muscle constructs showed well-organized muscle fiber structures expressing AChRs and evidence of neural integration with host sciatic nerve. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that tissue constructs generated with an integrated organ printer are able to maintain structural and functional characteristics of muscle in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study suggest that creation of innervated volumetric bioengineered muscle using an organ printing system is possible and that muscle function can be recovered in an accelerated fashion. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e576 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Hyun-Wook Kang Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author In Kap Ko Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Cheil Kim Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Sang Jin Lee Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Anthony Atala Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author James Yoo Winston Salem, NC More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Anesthesia for a 10-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy syndrome - A case report -

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an eventually fatal disorder that is characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness and atrophy of muscle tissue. The clinical manifestations of DMD vary depending on the stages of the disease. Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia and the administration of volatile anesthetic agents, - particularly halothane, - during acute rhabdomyolysis are more likely to result in cardiac arrest and unsuccessful resuscitation in DMD patients than in the general public. This is a case report of a 10-year-old boy who underwent elective strabismus revision under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with intravenous propofol and remifentanil, which was started at the targeted effect concentration of 3.0μg/ml and 3.5 ng/ml respectively via target controlled infusion (TCI). No inhaled anesthetic was used. In addition, an initial dose 0.4 mg/kg of atracurium was injected intravenously over 15s. The results of this case report found intravenous infusion of propofol, remifentanil and atracurium to be safe because the malignant hyperthermia did not occur. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008; 55: 217～20)

Corticosterone, foraging behavior, and metabolism in dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis

Male, dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis, were held in captivity under conditions simulating winter temperature and photoperiod. Birds were administered corticosterone (B), metapyrone (MET), or control (empty) implants in silastic tubing. B implants resulted in higher plasma levels of B, especially on the first day following implantation. After 4 days, B-implanted birds had significant atrophy of the flight muscles and increased storage of fat in the furcular and abdominal adipose depots. Despite the increased fat deposition, no differences in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity or plasma levels of glycerol or free fatty acid were observed after 4 days of treatment. There were no differences in muscle LPL activity when enzyme activity was expressed per tissue. However, when enzyme activity was expressed per gram of tissue, muscle LPL was significantly greater in the B-treated birds. Therefore, despite the atrophy of muscle tissue, the LPL enzyme had been preserved. No differences were observed in either foraging behavior or food consumption, even in light of the dramatic changes in fat and muscle masses in B-treated birds. These data are discussed in light of the chronic effects of B which may be applicable to the advanced stage of stress in birds.

Hypertrophy of the calf with S-1 radiculopathy.

Occasionally, chronic denervation is associated with enlargement rather than atrophy of muscle tissue. We studied seven patients with S-1 radiculopathy who developed ipsilateral enlargement of the calf. On the basis of results of calf muscle biopsies, it seems likely that the enlargement was due to muscle fiber hypertrophy and atrophy combined with an increase in connective tissue. Computed tomograms of the legs revealed no evidence of tumor. Surgical decompression of the involved S-1 nerve root had no obviously beneficial effect in reducing the calf enlargement. More information is needed to define the natural course of the calf enlargement and to clarify the pathophysiologic processes involved.