Abstract Introduction A high resting heart rate is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. Studies on the association between heart rate and outcomes often measure heart rate at a single time point, even though multiple measurements may be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the association between short-term home heart rate measurements and outcomes has not been extensively studied. Purpose This sub study of the STROKESTOP trial explores the association of baseline and home resting heart rate measurements with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Methods The STROKESTOP randomised controlled trial consisted of an atrial fibrillation (AF) screening program among the 75- and 76-year-old inhabitants of two Swedish regions. Participants in the intervention group were invited to a two week intermittent screening program, consisting of twice daily measurements with an ECG-based handheld device. For this sub analysis, baseline heart rate, the median of 5 home morning heart rates and the median of 5 home evening heart rates were evaluated. Associations were evaluated by heart rate quintiles (41-63 bpm, 64-70 bpm, 71-76 bpm, 77-84 bpm and ≥85 bpm), with 64-70 bpm as the reference category. Hazard rations were obtained by Cox regression analysis. The full multivariable model included demograhic factors such as sex and educational level, medical history of several diseases and the use of cardiovascular medication. Both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were evaluated. Results In total, 5873 individuals were included in this analysis. Overall, 55.6% were women and the median baseline heart rate was 73 [65-81] bpm, whereas the median of morning heart rates was 71 [64-78] bpm and that of evening heart rates 71 [65-79] bpm. Having a baseline heart rate in the highest quintile compared to the reference quintile, showed a hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in unadjusted analysis of 1.39 (1.11-1.73) (p=0.004), and of 1.51 (1.20-1.90) in the fully adjusted analysis (p<.001). For cardiovascular mortality, HRs were 1.78 (1.21-2.63) (p=0.004) and 2.13 (1.42-3.20) (p=<.001), respectively. The association between the highest heart rate and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were substantially strengthened when median morning heart rates were considered (HR 2.03 (1.61-2.56) and 2.18 (1.72-2.76), p<.001 for all-cause mortality on univariable and multivariable analysis, HR 2.35 (1.57-3.51) and 2.59 (1.72-3.92), p<.001) for cardiovascular mortality). Associations between home evening heart rates and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were not substantially stronger compared to the associations with baseline heart rate. Conclusion Our study shows that home-measured morning heart rate is more strongly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to a single time-point office heart rate.Hazard ratios for mortality