Oxygen Atoms Research Articles

Kinetics of N3+ and N4+ with N(4S), O(3P), and NO

Kinetics of the reactions of N3+ and N4+ with N(4S) and O(3P) are measured at room temperature using a flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube apparatus. Oxygen atoms are produced by titrating NO against nitrogen atoms formed from a microwave discharge of N2. The reaction rate constants are generally well-described by assuming strict spin-conservation along with Langevin capture kinetics. N3+ + N occurs with k = 1.8 ×10-10 cm3 s-1, spin state counting indicates both doublet and quartet states of N2+ are formed. N4+ + N occurs with k = 2.2 ×10-10 cm3 s-1, yielding exclusively N3+. The N3+ + O reaction occurs with k = 2.5 ×10-10 cm3 s-1, yielding significant amounts of NO+ and N2+ products. N4+ + O, the only of these reactions without any spin-constraint, is the only reaction to occur near the Langevin capture rate with k = 5.6 ×10-10 cm3 s-1. The major product of the N4+ + O reaction is charge transfer to yield O+ (k = 4.1 ×10-10 cm3 s-1) with N2O+ (k = 7.7 x 10-11 cm3s-1) and probably NO+ formed as minor products. The reaction of N4+ + NO minimally occurs with k < 6.5 ×10-12 cm3 s-1. A novel method of assessing uncertainties in rate constants derived from complicated chemical reaction networks is presented, yielding probability density curves as a function of each partial rate constant. The analysis obviates the need of assuming experimental errors of the rate constants are normally distributed.

Removal of Cr(VI) from electroplating wastewater by CoNi-LDH@NHCS electrode and its electrocatalytic ammonia production

Excess Cr(VI) and nitrates from industrial processes can pose a serious threat to humans and the environment. In this study, a CoNi-layered double hydroxide@nitrogen doped hollow carbon sphere (CoNi-LDH@NHCS) electrode was prepared and used for Cr(VI) removal by capacitive deionization (CDI) as well as waste CoNi-LDH@NHCS electrodes were used for ammonia production (NO3RR). The CoNi-LDH@NHCS electrode could remove up to 98.66 % of 10 ppm Cr(VI). In the actual electroplating wastewater, the removal of Cr(VI) by CoNi-LDH@NHCS electrode was 73.91 %, which showed good deionization performance. Density-functional theory calculations show that the oxygen atoms in the Cr(VI) anion and the hydrogen atoms on the surface of the electrode form hydrogen bonds and are adsorbed on the surface of the electrode under the effect of polarity, and the OH bonds on the surface of the electrode are elongated or even dehydrogenated and eventually form Cr(III)-OH. We also produced a high ammonia yield of 30.51 mg h−1mgcat−1 by using the CoNi-LDH@NHCS electrode that was discarded after the adsorption cycle as a catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction. This work enabled the sustainable use of electrode materials in addition to offering an effective technique for removing Cr(VI) from electroplating wastewater.

Nickel oxide films with the zinc blende-type structure – A re-evaluation of X-ray diffraction data

The previously unobserved formation of zinc blende-type structured nickel oxide films (NiO1.2) was discovered by the re-evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data. Nickel oxide films were synthesized by deposition of nickel together with activated oxygen at substrate temperatures of 83K and 298K. At 83K, amorphous NiO films are formed, which crystallize at around 473K forming the rock salt-type structure. In contrast, films deposited at 298K are polycrystalline and form the zinc blende-type structure. Both structures have largely identical lattice parameters with the same nickel fcc sublattice, but with either tetrahedral or octahedral sites filled with oxygen atoms. The only difference observed between the X-ray powder patterns is the intensity of the reflections. The calculation of X-ray difference maps was decisive in distinguishing between the two structures. The Ni-O distances in the zinc blende structure are 181pm, confirming the presence of NiIII in the NiO1.2 film.

Point-defect-induced electronic polarization to enhance H* generation for removal of bisphenol A

Intrinsic point defects in metal core-shell materials can regulate electron redistribution, thereby reducing catalytic energy barriers and enhancing their ORR activity. However, their specific contributions to electron transfer and mass transport pathways remain unclear. In this study, defect-rich hollow OCo@Co3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using ZIF-67(Co) as a sacrificial template through controlled annealing and internal electric field substitution reactions. High-resolution electron microscopy analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations co-revealed the growth mechanism of Co and O vacancies, as well as antisite defects. The formation of oxygen vacancies significantly lowered the energy barrier for Co vacancy formation, playing a crucial bridging role in the development of antisite defects. The electric field polarization induced by Co-O atomic displacement resulted in asymmetric charge distribution, optimizing the adsorption of active hydrogen (H*) and oxygen atoms and facilitating the generation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electrocatalytic experiments demonstrated that under the combined action of singlet oxygen (1O2) and H*, bisphenol A (BPA) can be efficiently degraded. This study successfully bridges the knowledge gap between atomic defects and advanced electrocatalysis, providing a new perspective and insight for the in-depth analysis of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalyst materials in the future.

First-principles study of sodium adsorption and diffusion over substitutionally doped phosphorene

Phosphorene, due to its remarkable semiconducting properties, prevailed as principal material of research for decades. The substitutional doping of carbon (C), silicon (Si), oxygen (O) and sulphur (S) atom was reported earlier. DFT studies are done towards the unexplored area of sodium (Na) adsorption and diffusion over these doped phosphorene structures. The effective adsorption energies for C-, Si-, O- and S- doped phosphorene are −3.19 eV, −2.63 eV, −3.12 eV and −2.39 eV respectively. The minimum value of activation energies are 0.68 eV, 0.45 eV, 1.00 eV and 0.26 eV respectively. Hence the diffusion and intercalation–deintercalation process seem to be supportive. The lattice integrity is maintained in the whole process. Good amount of charge transfer shows better conductivity supported by band structure and density of states diagrams. Based on these data, the proposed doped phosphorene configurations can be predicted suitable for further studies towards anode application in Na-ion battery.

Visible light induced reactions of quinones

AbstractThis review covers the visible light induced reactions of quinones such as benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. These quinones are distinguished by their fully conjugated structures, which feature minimal energy gaps, and nonbonding electron pairs on the oxygen atoms. Such structural attributes facilitate np → π* transition, allowing for easy access to excited states and rendering quinones highly reactive under visible‐light irradiation. We describe three primary types of reactions facilitated by these electronic characteristics: Paternò–Büchi (PB) reactions, which entail [2 + 2] photocycloaddition between the carbonyl groups of quinones and alkenes or alkynes; CH activation processes, which showcase quinones' versatility in functionalizing hydrocarbons; and the formation of electron donor–acceptor complexes, demonstrating quinones' capability to engage in charge transfer interactions. Through this review, we highlight the critical role quinones play in photochemistry, their unique electronic properties, and their broad applicability in synthetic organic chemistry.

Experiment-based Abraham model solute descriptors for 2‑[4-(dibutylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid

ABSTRACT Abraham model solute descriptors for 2‑[4-(dibutylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid were determined from the compound’s published solubility data in 10 organic solvents of varying polarity and hydrogen-bonding character. The calculated hydrogen-bond donor descriptor value, A = 0.548, suggests that intramolecular bond formation occurs between the hydrogen atom on the -OH functional group and one of the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom of the ketone functional group, >C=O, which would result in the formation of a six-membered hydrogen-bonded ring structure. A much larger A-solute descriptor would be expected if the hydrogen atoms of both the -OH and -COOH functional groups were free to engage in intermolecular H-bond formation with surrounding solvent molecules.

Constructing Angstrom‐Level Ion Pocket Array in 1D Channel Wall for Efficient Lithium Ion Sieving

AbstractThe rapid development of new energy industry is leading to the scarcity of lithium (Li) metal. Rational design of adsorbents for efficient separation of Li+ ion from aqueous media is pivotal to solve the recovery of this valuable resource. Current adsorbents generally suffer from the drawbacks in adsorption capacity, kinetics, and selectivity. Herein, a novel and ultra‐stable metal–organic framework is designed for Li+ separation. The dense oxygen atoms on the cambered wall of its 1D channel encircle to form angstrom‐level tetrahedral ion pockets array, acting as the dominant adsorption sites. This rational distribution of the array avoids the pore blockage caused by the pre‐adsorbed ions, thereby accelerating the diffusion of subsequent ions into the interior pore. Meanwhile, this tetrahedral pocket shows distinct electronegativity and strong chelation effect for Li+. Benefiting from these specifics, this adsorbent exhibits a record‐breaking adsorption capacity for Li+ (76.1 mg g−1) and short equilibrium time (30 min). Moreover, the selective adsorption of Li+ over Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ is achieved due to the matched Li+ ion diameter with the pocket/channel sizes and lower energy barrier for dehydration. Thus, this work proposes a feasible strategy for the construction of novel MOFs for ions adsorption.

Experiment and Simulation Study on the Adsorption Interaction between a Fluorescent Tracer and a Montmorillonite Crystal in Drilling Fluid.

The adsorption interaction of oil field tracer in drilling fluid plays a significant role in tracer monitoring (TM) technology in the petroleum industry. In this work, the adsorption performances of Rhodamine B (RhB+) and fluorescein sodium (Fln-) tracers with montmorillonite (MMT) crystal in drilling fluid were investigated by both experimental and simulation methods. For the experimental aspect, the macroscopic results indicate thermodynamic monolayer adsorption by the Langmuir model and kinetic chemical adsorption by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. As a result, MMT shows a larger adsorption capacity (qm) for RhB+ than for Fln- with but stronger adsorption spontaneity (ΔrGmθ) for Fln- than for RhB+ with kJ mol-1 < kJ mol-1. Meanwhile, the interaction rate (k2) of Fln- was shown to be faster than that of RhB+ with . For simulation insight, MMT shows much higher system stability (E) for Fln- than for RhB+ with and . Meanwhile, the microscopic simulation results reveal configuration changes and site distinctions for RhB+ and Fln- interactions with the MMT crystal. The different adsorption responses were explained by proposing an interaction mechanism of force dominance and position orientation. Specifically, Fln- was deduced to interact with metal (Al, Ca) and metalloid (Si) elements in the MMT crystal interlayer by "upright-insertion" orientation while RhB+ was deduced to interact with oxygen atoms on the MMT crystal surface by a "flat-lying" orientation. Hydrogen bonds, the electrostatic interaction, and the coordination effect were revealed to dominate for the interaction of tracer adsorption. This work provides both performance and mechanism investigation of fluorescent tracer adsorption interaction with the MMT crystal in drilling fluid, which is of great significance in reservoir exploitation.

Enantioselective complexation of protonated tyrosine by a chiral crown-ether: the nature of the Hydrogen bonds makes the difference.

The complexes formed between (18-crown-6)-tetracarboxylic acid, denoted as 18C6TA, and the two enantiomers of protonated tyrosine, L- and D-Tyr, are studied in a cryogenic ion trap by combining mass spectrometry, laser spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Both UV and IR photodissociation spectra indicate the formation of multiple isomers for each complex, some of them interconverting upon IR irradiation. Conformer-selective vibrational spectroscopy reveals that all structures involve an internally hydrogen-bonded folded structure of the crown ether. The complexes formed with L-Tyr involve two NH…O interactions with the ether oxygen atoms,and two hydrogen bonds to the crown ether carboxylic function, one from the NH group and the other from the COOH group of tyrosine. TheD-Tyr complexesshow more conformational mobility: two out of the three lowest energy conformers observed are tripodal, with three NH…O interactions between the amino acid ammonium and the crown ether oxygens. An additional conformer shows only one NH…O interaction, but has two interactions involving one of the cavity COOH moieties, one with the NH and one with the phenol OH. The increased calculated stability of the complex made from (-) 18C6TA and L-Tyr parallels its higher abundance in the mass spectrum of an isotopically labelled racemic mixture.

Crystalline Electrolyte Boosts High Performance of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The rigid solid-solid contact at the interface between the solid electrolyte and electrodes in full-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSBs) presents a considerable challenge to lithium ion transport. To address this, we propose using Li-concentrated succinonitrile (Li-SN45) as an efficient bilateral interface modifier in ASSBs. This material boasts exceptional ionic conductivity of 3.38 mS cm-1 and excellent corrosion resistance to the Li metal anode. The assembled ASSBs using layered cathodes and Li metal demonstrate outstanding discharge capacity (170 mAh g-1 @ 20 mA g-1) and superior long-term cycling performance (97% capacity retention after 100 cycles). MALDI-TOF results suggest the formation of a crystalline structure in Li-SN45, which facilitates smooth "anion-free" Li+ hopping paths assisted by the oxygen atoms, as revealed by the solved crystal structure. Our findings enriched the understanding of Li transport dynamics in electrolytes of ASSBs, paving the way to designing superior next-generation ASSBs with fast Li transport.

Theoretical Study on Pt1/CeO2 Single Atom Catalysts for CO Oxidation

Understanding the influence of structural configurations on catalytic performance is crucial for optimizing atom‐efficient single‐atom catalysts (SACs). In this study, we conducted a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of single Pt atoms positioned at step‐edges and within a solid solution on the CeO2(111) surface. We compared these configurations in terms of thermodynamic stability, electronic properties, and further potential energy surfaces for CO oxidation. Stability studies revealed that the solid solution catalyst exhibits greater stability compared to the step‐edge catalyst. Additionally, the Pt in the solid solution catalyst can effectively activate lattice oxygen atoms, making the catalyst more conducive to the formation of oxygen vacancies. The CO oxidation process was analyzed using the Mars‐van Krevelen mechanism, revealing that the solid solution catalyst possesses a more moderate CO adsorption energy. This, coupled with its lower oxygen vacancy formation energy, leads to reduced energy barriers throughout the CO oxidation cycle. Our findings highlight the strong dependence of catalytic activity on the specific configuration of Pt atoms within the CeO2 matrix, with the solid solution model demonstrating superior catalytic efficiency compared to the step‐edge‐supported Pt catalysts.

Complexes of Iron(II), Cobalt(II), and Nickel(II) with DOTA-Tetraglycinate for pH and Temperature Imaging Using Hyperfine Shifts of an Amide Moiety.

Paramagnetic complexes of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (DOTA4-) derivatives have shown potential for molecular imaging with magnetic resonance. DOTA-tetraglycinate (DOTA-4AmC4-) coordinated with lanthanide metal ions (Ln3+) demonstrates pH/temperature sensing with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS) and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), respectively, detecting nonexchangeable (e.g., -CHy, where 3 ≥ y ≥ 1) and exchangeable (e.g., -OH or -NHx, where 2 ≥ x ≥ 1) protons. Herein, we report paramagnetic complexes of divalent transition-metal ions (M2+ = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+) with DOTA-4AmC4- that endow a unique amide proton (-NH) moiety for pH/temperature sensing. Crystallographic data reveal that DOTA-4AmC4- coordinates with M2+ through oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms, ranging in coordination numbers from 8-coordinate in Fe(II)DOTA-4AmC2-, 7-coordinate in Co(II)DOTA-4AmC2-, and 6-coordinate in Ni(II)DOTA-4AmC2-. The -CHy protons in M(II)DOTA-4AmC2- displayed modest pH/temperature sensitivities, but -NH protons exhibited higher intensity, suggesting prominent BIRDS properties. The pH sensitivity was the highest for Ni(II)DOTA-4AmC2- (1.42 ppm/pH), followed by Co(II)DOTA-4AmC2- (0.21 ppm/pH) and Fe(II)DOTA-4AmC2- (0.16 ppm/pH), whereas temperature sensitivities were comparable (i.e., 0.22, 0.13, and 0.17 ppm/°C, respectively). The CEST image contrast for -NH in M(II)DOTA-4AmC2- was much weaker compared to that of Ln(III)DOTA-4AmC-. Given its high pH sensitivity and low cytotoxicity, Ni(II)DOTA-4AmC2- shows promise for use in preclinical BIRDS-based pH imaging.

Investigation of the mechanism of [M-H]+ ion formation in photoionized N-alkyl-substituted thieno[3,4-c]-pyrrole-4,6-dione derivatives during higher order MSn high-resolution mass spectrometry.

The mechanism underlying dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization's (APPI) formation of ions is unclear and still under debate for many chemical classes. In this study, we reexamined the gas-phase reaction mechanisms responsible for the generation of [M-H]+ precursor ions, resulting from the loss of a single hydrogen atom, in a series of N-alkyl-substituted thieno[3,4-c]-pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) derivatives. Atmospheric pressure photoionization combined with higher order MS/MSn using high-resolution mass spectrometry (APPI-HR-CID-MSn) and electronic structure calculations using density functional theory were used to determine the chemical structure of observed [M-H]+ ions. As a result, the higher order MSn (n = 3) experiments revealed a reversed Diels-Alder fragmentation mechanism, leading to a common fragment ion at m/z 322 from the studied [M1-5-H]+ ion species. In addition, the calculation for two chemical structure models (N-alkyl-TPD1 and N-alkyl-TPD5) showed that the fragment structure, resulting from the removal of the hydrogen atom connected to the third carbon atom of the N-alkyl side chain, has a more stable cyclic form compared with the linear one. The proposed chemical structure of the N-alkyl TPD ion species, following the loss of a single hydrogen atom, was revealed during APPI-HR-CID-MSn (n= 3) experiments on the [M-H]+ species. Hydrogen radical (H•) abstraction from the alkyl side chain (e.g., hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and nonyl) triggered a rearrangement in the radical cation structure of the N-alkyl-TPD derivatives, initiating cyclization and forming a six-membered ring that connects the oxygen atom to the third carbon atom in the alkyl chain. In addition, theoretical calculations supported the APPI-HR-CID-MSn (n = 3) experiments by demonstrating that the proposed chemical structure, resulting from the intramolecular cyclization of the N-alkyl-TPD ion species, was stable in the presence of chlorobenzene. These findings will aid the structural determination and elucidation of molecules with similar core structures.

In Silico Efficacy of Oleic Acid, n-Hexanoic acid, and Epiglobulol Obtained from Conocarpus Lancifolius against Class D β-lactamases

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance poses an escalating global challenge, compounded by the sluggish pace of new antibiotic discovery. Objectives: This study undertook an in silico analysis of phytochemicals derived from Conocarpus lancifolius, a local plant in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia, to investigate potential antibacterial agents. Methods: The 3D crystallographic structure of OXA-48 was sourced from the RCSB protein databank (PDBID: 3HBR) and pre-processed. The Lib Dock algorithm facilitated the analysis of optimal binding orientations and potential interactions between compounds and the 3HBR. Results: The docking analysis outcome revealed Oleic acid as the most active compound and the binding mode exhibited that the -OH group of the terminal carboxylic acid moiety formed hydrogen bonds with Thr197 and Ala207, and the oxygen atom showed bonding with Lys116. Moreover, N-hexanoic acid also demonstrated promising binding interactions with the 3HBR, displaying hydrogen bond interactions with Lys208, Tyr211, and Ser70, along with hydrophobic alkyl interactions with Lys208 and Met115 at the protein's active sites. Unfavourable donor-donor and acceptor-acceptor bindings were also observed with Ser70 and Arg250 residues. Conclusions: The OXA-48 and NDM-1 predominate in countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Our findings suggest oleic acid as a promising candidate for combating OXA-48 β-lactamase, pending further assessment of its atomic structure via X-ray crystallography.

Pinning effect of lattice Pb suppressing lattice oxygen reactivity of Pb-RuO2 enables stable industrial-level electrolysis.

Ruthenium (Ru) is widelyrecognized as a low-cost alternative to iridium as anode electrocatalyst in proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). However, the reported Ru-based catalysts usually only operate within tens of hours in PEMWE because of their intrinsically high reactivity of lattice oxygen that leads to irrepressible Ru leaching and structural collapse. Herein, we report a design concept by employing large-sized and acid-resistant lattice lead (Pb) as a second element to induce apinning effect for effectively narrowing the moving channels of oxygen atoms, thereby lowering the reactivity of lattice oxygen in Ru oxides. The Pb-RuO2 catalyst presents a low overpotential of 188 ± 2 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and can sustain for over 1100 h in anacid medium with a negligible degradation rate of 19 μV h-1. Particularly, the Pb-RuO2-based PEMWE can operate for more than 250 h at 500 mA cm-2 with a low degradation rate of only 17 μV h-1. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that Ru-O covalency is reduced due to the unique 6s-2p-4d orbital hybridization, which increases the loss energy of lattice oxygen and suppresses the over-oxidation of Ru for improved long-term stability in PEMWE.

Property of Protection against Simultaneous Action between Atomic Oxygen Erosion and Ultraviolet Irradiation by MIL-53(Al) Coating

Property of Protection against Simultaneous Action between Atomic Oxygen Erosion and Ultraviolet Irradiation by MIL-53(Al) Coating

Exploring the Chemistry of Ruthenium Complexes with a Bidentate Barbiturate‐Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinylidene Ligand

A novel reactivity of 5‐barbiturate imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium 1∙H with [Ru(2‐methylallyl)2(COD)] was explored which led to the formation of an uncommon, zwitterionic complex [Ru(1’)(1∙H)], composed of the NHC ligand 1’, cyclometallated at one ortho‐methyl position of the N‐mesityl substituent, and the zwitterionic precursor 1∙H. Barbiturate moieties coordinate either through a η3 mode or through coordination of the anionic oxygen atom to ensure the coordination saturation and stability to the complex. The addition of pivalic acid results in the protonolysis of the Ru‐Calkyl bond and demetallation of the N‐mesityl, while triphenylphosphine and pyridine are able to displace the rather labile 1∙H ligand. Attempts to incorporate an alkylidene fragment from these complexes led to the isolation of a rare complex 7 bearing an alkylidene tethered to a η5‐cyclopentadienyl ligand formed by phenylacetylene tetramerization.

Effect of Deuteration on Raman Scattering in Single Crystals of Potassium Alum

ABSTRACTRaman spectra of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O and KAl(SO4)2·12D2O crystals in the range of 10–4000 cm−1 were experimentally obtained and studied. An increase in the number of sulfate ions, oriented by oxygen atoms towards the K+ ion, was detected upon deuteration of the sample. Low‐intensity Stokes components ν = 2485 cm−1 (ν = 1820 cm−1 for the deuterated crystal) were recorded, which indicates the formation of hydrogen bonds O–H•••SO42− (O–D•••SO42−), where the donors are water molecules of the [Al(H2O)6]3+ complex and the oxygen atoms of the sulfate ion act as acceptors. The decrease in the wavenumbers of internal vibrations of the sulfate ion during deuteration was explained by an increase in the strength of hydrogen bonds. The results obtained indicate the direct influence of deuteration on the degree of initial disordering of sulfate ions and on the stability of the crystal structure of potassium alum.

Visible‐Light‐Driven Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol with O2 over Photoinduced Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Rich WO3

AbstractDirect photocatalytic conversion of benzene to phenol with molecular oxygen (O2) is a green alternative to the traditional synthesis. The key is to find an effective photocatalyst to do the trick. Defect engineering of semiconductors with oxygen vacancies (OVs) is an emerging strategy for catalyst fabrication. OVs can trap electrons to promote charge separation and serving as adsorption sites for O2 activation. However, the randomly distribution of OVs on the semiconductor surface often results in mismatching the charge carrier dynamics under irradiation, thus failing to fulfill the unique advantages of OVs for photoredox functions. Herein, we demonstrate that abundant OVs can be facilely generated and precisely located adjacent to the reductive sites on reducible oxide semiconductors such as tungsten oxide (WO3) via a simple photochemistry strategy. Such photoinduced OVs are well suited for photocatalytic benzene oxidation with O2 as they readily capture photogenerated electrons from the reductive sites of WO3 to activate adsorbed O2. The oxygen‐isotope‐labeling experiments further confirm that the OVs also facilitate the integration of oxygen atoms from O2 into phenol, revealing in detail the pathway for photocatalytic benzene hydroxylation. This study demonstrates that the photochemistry approach is an appealing strategy for the synthesis of high‐performance OVs‐rich photocatalysts for solar‐induced chemical conversion.