Native Apostles: Black and Indian Missionaries in the Atlantic World. By Edward E. Andrews. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. 326 pages. $39.95 (hardcover).This book needed to be written. Native Apostles: Black and Indian Missionaries in the Atlantic World pulls together insights from scholarship published in recent decades about the spread of Protestant Christianity around the Atlantic. Collectively, these works have transformed our understanding of the history of religion in the western hemisphere during the colonial period-particularly the role both and Africans played in shaping Christianity's meaning and character in the Americas. Continuing this trend, Edward E. Andrews persuasively argues in Native Apostles that during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, throughout the Atlantic, African, African-American, and Native American missionaries sought to evangelize [other] blacks and Indians (2).The vast majority of people working in missions, Andrews declares, not actually British but rather what he calls native missionaries who generally came from the same population as their potential converts (2). He then marshals overwhelming evidence demonstrating that they were indeed ubiquitous. This story sheds light on how colonized peoples responded to, rejected, shaped, and appropriated Christianity and demonstrates that Native missionaries were at the heart of the cultural exchange we most associate with colonialism. Anglo-American missionary groups invested a great deal of time, money, and effort to train and support hundreds of and Africans in the hopes that they would convert the denizens of the Atlantic borderlands to Christianity. While historically they have been overlooked, some historians in recent years have begun to reexamine a few of the betterknown members of this cadre, such as Mohegan minister Samson Occom. Yet before Native Apostles no attempt has been made to look at them as a group, assess their role in the expansion of Christianity, or try to place them in a larger Atlantic framework.1Covering well-worn ground for scholars of Protestant missions in the New World, chapter one looks at Puritan missionary activity among New England's Algonquian groups and the role indigenous religious leaders played in the formation of the Massachusetts 'Praying Towns' in the seventeenth century. In the more ambitious chapter two, Andrews details the role of Native missionaries in the less-frequently studied period from 1700 through the 1740s in the colonial Northeast. Settings examined include southern New England after King Philip's War, as well as Anglican efforts among the Iroquois and Yamassee during the early eighteenth century. Particularly insightful was the role race and slavery played in failed efforts by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG), a leading missionary organization, to create a plantation-supported college in Barbados to train indigenous missionaries.Covering the role of African and Native missionaries during the Great Awakening revivals, chapter three examines the explosion of Black and Indian evangelists during the era from 1735 to 1770. Signifying a major shift in transatlantic protestant missionary activity, (23) this chapter includes analysis of Moravian activity in the Danish Caribbean starting in the 1740s as well as their activities among the Lenape (Delaware) and Mahican in northeastern North America. Also chronicled is the creation of an Anglican school for slave children in Charleston, South Carolina, and the success separatist denominations had among southern New England's indigenous Protestants. Andrews works hard in this very effective section to show the connections between these diverse efforts to create a corps of Indian and black evangelists. He succeeds admirably in linking the Caribbean, American South, and New England, as well as juggling multiple denominations- Moravian, Anglican, Congregationalist, separatist (particularly Baptist), as well as New Light revivalists. …