Movement Patterns Of Athletes Research Articles

The effect of a 12-week functional training program on functional movement patterns and dynamic balance in young elite ice hockey players

Abstract Study aim: This study examined the effects of a 12-week functional training (FT) program on basic movement patterns and dynamic balance in hockey players. Material and methods: Forty-three male ice hockey players aged 16.2 ± 0.76 years, were allocated into the experimental (EG) or control (CG) groups. The EG underwent additional 60-minute supervised FT sessions twice weekly, while the CG had an additional 60-minute team game class and swimming class. Fundamental movement patterns were assessed using the functional movement screening (FMSTM), whereas dynamic balance was assessed by the Y-balance test (YBT). Results: After completion of the FT program, the hockey players assigned to the EG achieved higher results in the deep squat (p = 0.0143), hurdle step (p = 0.0002), in-line lunge (p = 0.0082), shoulder mobility (p = 0.0455), and rotatory stability tests (p = 0.0253), had higher total FMSTM scores (p = 0.0003), and less asymmetry (p = 0.0032) than at baseline. They improved all of the normalized scores in YBT. The hockey players assigned to the CG did not improve their results, but their performance decreased in the hurdle step test (p = 0.0082), and they showed more asymmetry (p = 0.0124) than at baseline. Conclusions: The implementation of FT can lead to significant improvements in fundamental movement patterns and dynamic balance among ice hockey players. This suggests that implementing FT can enhance fundamental movement patterns in athletes and should be considered an integral part of sports training. By integrating FT into regular training routines, athletes across different sports may potentially improve their movement patterns, thereby enhancing their overall performance and reducing the risk of injury.

The Effect of Feedback and Kinesio Taping on the Correction of Faulty Movement Patterns in Athletes With Lower Limb Injuries

Background and Aims This study addresses only those interventions, such as feedback and kinesio taping, that affect lower limb function in athletes with impaired lower limb movement patterns. Methods This research is a systematic review study that examined all published articles in English about the effect of feedback and kinesio taping on correcting defective movement patterns and reducing injury risk factors. The current study was conducted by searching foreign databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect and domestic databases, including Magiran and Irandoc with the keywords of “videotape augmented feedback,” “taping,” “kinesio taping,” and “lower extremity” from January 2000 to January 2021. Results After reviewing the full texts of 45 articles, 24 articles were finally selected according to the purpose of the research. Of 24 articles, 20 were interventional studies, 1 was a systematic review, 1 was a meta-analysis, and 2 were meta-analysis and systematic reviews. In all studies, feedback training methods positively affected lower limb biomechanics, and tipping methods improved pain. Conclusion After comparing the effects of feedback and kinesio taping interventions in the studied studies, it can be concluded that feedback is better than kinesio taping taping in improving kinetic and kinematic variables in people with lower limb movement pattern defects.

Rehabilitation Training and Prevention of Athlete’s Hind Thigh Muscle Injury Based on IoT Intelligent Data

With the rapid development of information science today, the Internet of Things technology is gradually being applied to all walks of life, and the multifunction and intelligentization of instruments have gradually become the focus of people’s attention. In recent years, domestic track and field sports have developed to a certain extent, but at the same time, it must also be noted that there are still some difficulties and problems in the development of domestic track and field sports. This article was aimed at studying the application of the rehabilitation training and prevention of athletes’ hind thigh muscle group injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things and puts forward the idea of using the intelligent data of the Internet of Things to better use in sports rehabilitation and prevention. This article describes in detail track and field training, athletes’ hindquarters muscle injury, and so on. The application experiment of rehabilitation training and prevention of athlete’s hind thigh muscle group injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things has been made. The experimental results show that the rehabilitation training and prevention program of athletes’ hind thigh muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things can effectively reduce the athlete’s muscle injury during training, and it is more than 10% higher than the traditional prevention program. It can effectively improve the bad and wrong movement patterns of athletes, improve their own stability, flexibility, and balance, optimize the transmission of the body’s power chain, and improve the athletes’ ability to perform competitively.

Twelve-week sensorimotor training as a factor influencing movement patterns of canoe slalom athletes, assessed by the Functional Movement Screen

Summary Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether our own twelve-week Sensorimotor Exercise Programme (SEP) affected FMS results in canoe slalom athletes. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool for detecting asymmetries and movement range limitations in order to prevent sport injuries. The screen evaluates mobility and stability in seven fundamental movement patterns. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 16 athletes from the Canoe Slalom National Team of Poland who competed in three sports categories: kayak single, canoe single, canoe double. The athletes, 13 men and 3 women, undertook the FMS screen twice before the starting season. Between the first and the second screen the athletes undertook a twelve-week long sensorimotor training programme. Results: The result analysis showed a statistically significant difference in FMS results. The mean FMS screen result after twelve weeks of training increased from 16.6 points to 19.6 points. Conclusions: An adequately designed SEP can lead to an improvement in athlete movement patterns. The FMS screen allows for assessment of changes in athlete movement patterns after twelve weeks of SEP training.

Long jumpers with and without a transtibial amputation have different three-dimensional centre of mass and joint take-off step kinematics

Long jumpers with below the knee amputation (BKA) have achieved remarkable performances, yet the underlying biomechanics resulting in these jump distances are unknown. We measured three-dimensional motion and used multi-segment modelling to quantify and compare the centre of mass (COM) and joint kinematics of three long jumpers with BKA and seven non-amputee long jumpers during the take-off step of the long jump. Despite having the same jump distances, athletes with BKA, who used their affected leg for the take-off step, had lower sagittal plane hip and knee joint range of motion and positioned their affected leg more laterally relative to the COM compared to non-amputee athletes. Athletes with BKA had a longer compression phase and greater downward movement of their COM, suggesting that their affected leg (lever) was less rigid compared to the biological leg of non-amputees. Thus, athletes with BKA used a different kinematic mechanism to redirect horizontal to vertical velocity compared to non-amputee athletes. The specific movement patterns of athletes with BKA during the take-off step were constrained by the mechanical properties of the prosthesis. These results provide a basis for coaches and athletes to develop training protocols that improve performance and inform the design of future prostheses.

Distinct cut task strategy in Australian football players with a history of groin pain

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to explore the differences in the magnitude of movement variability and strategies utilized during an unanticipated cut task between players with and without a history of groin pain. Design Cross-sectional design. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Particiants Male Australian football players with (HISTORY; n = 7) or without (CONTROL; n = 10) a history of groin pain. Outcome measures Three-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF) and kinematics were recorded during 10 successful trials of an unanticipated cut task, and isokinetic hip adduction and abduction strength. Between-group differences were determined using independent-samples t -tests and the coefficient of variation (CV). Results Key substantial between-group differences identified were that the HISTORY group displayed decreased knee flexion and hip internal rotation, increased knee internal rotation and T12-L1 right rotation, and higher GRFs during the cut task. They also utilized three invariant systems (ankle, knee and T12-L1 joints), while being connected by a segment (hip and L5-S1 joints) that displayed increased lumbopelvic movement during the cut task, and decreased adductor muscle strength. Conclusion This identifies the need for clinical management of the lower limb and thoracic segment to improve functional movement patterns in athletes with a history of a groin injury.

Video analysis of concussion injury mechanism in under-18 rugby

BackgroundUnderstanding the mechanism of injury is necessary for the development of effective injury prevention strategies. Video analysis of injuries provides valuable information on the playing situation and athlete-movement patterns, which...

Distinct cut task strategy in Australian football players with a history of groin pain

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the differences in the magnitude of movement variability and strategies utilized during an unanticipated cut task between players with and without a history of groin pain. DesignCross-sectional design. SettingBiomechanics laboratory. ParticiantsMale Australian football players with (HISTORY; n = 7) or without (CONTROL; n = 10) a history of groin pain. Outcome measuresThree-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF) and kinematics were recorded during 10 successful trials of an unanticipated cut task, and isokinetic hip adduction and abduction strength. Between-group differences were determined using independent-samples t-tests and the coefficient of variation (CV). ResultsKey substantial between-group differences identified were that the HISTORY group displayed decreased knee flexion and hip internal rotation, increased knee internal rotation and T12-L1 right rotation, and higher GRFs during the cut task. They also utilized three invariant systems (ankle, knee and T12-L1 joints), while being connected by a segment (hip and L5-S1 joints) that displayed increased lumbopelvic movement during the cut task, and decreased adductor muscle strength. ConclusionThis identifies the need for clinical management of the lower limb and thoracic segment to improve functional movement patterns in athletes with a history of a groin injury.

The Influence of Parachute-Resisted Sprinting on Running Mechanics in Collegiate Track Athletes

The influence of parachute-resisted sprinting on running mechanics in collegiate track athletes. The aim of this investigation was to compare the acute effects of parachute-resisted (PR) sprinting on selected kinematic variables. Twelve collegiate sprinters (mean age 19.58 ± 1.44 years, mass 69.32 ± 14.38 kg, height 1.71 ± 9.86 m) ran a 40-yd dash under 2 conditions: PR sprint and sprint without a parachute (NC) that were recorded on a video computer system (60 Hz). Sagittal plane kinematics of the right side of the body was digitized to calculate joint angles at initial ground contact (IGC) and end ground contact (EGC), ground contact (GC) time, stride rate (SR), stride length (SL), and the times of the 40-yd dashes. The NC 40-yd dash time was significantly faster than the PR trial (p < 0.05). The shoulder angle at EGC significantly increased from 34.10 to 42.10° during the PR trial (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in GC time, SR, SL, or the other joint angles between the 2 trials (p > 0.05). This study suggests that PR sprinting does not acutely affect GC time, SR, SL and upper extremity or lower extremity joint angles during weight acceptance (IGC) in collegiate sprinters. However, PR sprinting increased shoulder flexion by 23.5% at push-off and decreased speed by 4.4%. While sprinting with the parachute, the athlete's movement patterns resembled their mechanics during the unloaded condition. This indicates the external load caused by PR did not substantially overload the runner, and only caused a minor change in the shoulder during push-off. This sports-specific training apparatus may provide coaches with another method for training athletes in a sports-specific manner without causing acute changes to running mechanics.

EFFECTS OF A SAND RUNNING SURFACE ON THE KINEMATICS OF SPRINTING AT MAXIMUM VELOCITY

Performing sprints on a sand surface is a common training method for improving sprint-specific strength. For maximum specificity of training the athlete's movement patterns during the training exercise should closely resemble those used when performing the sport. The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of sprinting at maximum velocity on a dry sand surface to the kinematics of sprinting on an athletics track. Five men and five women participated in the study, and flying sprints over 30 m were recorded by video and digitized using biomechanical analysis software. We found that sprinting on a sand surface was substantially different to sprinting on an athletics track. When sprinting on sand the athletes tended to 'sit' during the ground contact phase of the stride. This action was characterized by a lower centre of mass, a greater forward lean in the trunk, and an incomplete extension of the hip joint at take-off. We conclude that sprinting on a dry sand surface may not be an appropriate method for training the maximum velocity phase in sprinting. Although this training method exerts a substantial overload on the athlete, as indicated by reductions in running velocity and stride length, it also induces detrimental changes to the athlete's running technique which may transfer to competition sprinting.

Effects of Three Types of Resisted Sprint Training Devices on the Kinematics of Sprinting at Maximum Velocity

Resisted sprint running is a common training method for improving sprint-specific strength. For maximum specificity of training, the athlete's movement patterns during the training exercise should closely resemble those used when performing the sport. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics of sprinting at maximum velocity to the kinematics of sprinting when using three of types of resisted sprint training devices (sled, parachute, and weight belt). Eleven men and 7 women participated in the study. Flying sprints greater than 30 m were recorded by video and digitized with the use of biomechanical analysis software. The test conditions were compared using a 2-way analysis of variance with a post-hoc Tukey test of honestly significant differences. We found that the 3 types of resisted sprint training devices are appropriate devices for training the maximum velocity phase in sprinting. These devices exerted a substantial overload on the athlete, as indicated by reductions in stride length and running velocity, but induced only minor changes in the athlete's running technique. When training with resisted sprint training devices, the coach should use a high resistance so that the athlete experiences a large training stimulus, but not so high that the device induces substantial changes in sprinting technique. We recommend using a video overlay system to visually compare the movement patterns of the athlete in unloaded sprinting to sprinting with the training device. In particular, the coach should look for changes in the athlete's forward lean and changes in the angles of the support leg during the ground contact phase of the stride.

A comparison of two different methods for time-motion analysis in team sports.

Time-motion analysis has been extensively used to provide an insight into the movement patterns of athletes in team sports. However, few studies have indicated whether analysis involved breaks in play, or all the activities within the standard clock-time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to differentiate whether differences existing between clock-time and match-time time-motion analysis had an affect on the results. Data was collected from the Australian National Futsal Team. Analysis was initially conducted against the actual playing clock-time of 40 min, then on a match-time of 70 min including all actions and breaks in play, excluding half-time and time-out intervals. When comparing match-time to clock-time data, there was a 16% greater total overall distance covered, a 6.9% increase in the time spent in low-intensity activities, and a change in activity every 4.00 s vs. 3.28 s, respectively. There was little change in the high-intensity activities from clock-time to match-time comparison. As clock-time data may misrepresent the movement patterns of the game, it is important to establish a standard method of analysis, namely based on match-time data. This may have implications on similar sports based on clock-time such as water polo, basketball, ice hockey and handball.

Self-Organizing Maps for the Analysis of Complex Movement Patterns

We apply the Self-Organizing-Map-algorithm (SOM) as a central processing step in a new scheme for the characterisation of movement patterns of athletes. Due to its non-linear dimension reduction capabilities, the SOM outperforms a direct processing of the data as well as preprocessing using principal component analysis. Our results open the way to an objective assessment of movement patterns, with possible applications in the sport sciences as well as in medicine.

Prescribing of Thyroxine

<h3>Background</h3> Understanding the mechanism of injury is necessary for the development of effective injury prevention strategies. Video analysis of injuries provides valuable information on the playing situation and athlete-movement patterns, which can be used to formulate these strategies. Therefore, we conducted a video analysis of the mechanism of concussion injury in junior-level rugby union and compared it with a representative and matched non-injury sample. <h3>Methods</h3> Injury reports for 18 concussion events were collected from the 2011 to 2013 under-18 Craven Week tournaments. Also, video footage was recorded for all 3 years. On the basis of the injury events, a representative ‘control’ sample of matched non-injury events in the same players was identified. The video footage, which had been recorded at each tournament, was then retrospectively analysed and coded. 10 injury events (5 tackle, 4 ruck, 1 aerial collision) and 83 non-injury events were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> All concussions were a result of contact with an opponent and 60% of players were unaware of the impending contact. For the measurement of <i>head position on contact</i>, 43% had a ‘down’ position, 29% the ‘up and forward’ and 29% the ‘away’ position (n=7). The speed of the injured tackler was observed as ‘slow’ in 60% of injurious tackles (n=5). In 3 of the 4 rucks in which injury occurred (75%), the concussed player was acting defensively either in the capacity of ‘support’ (n=2) or as the ‘jackal’ (n=1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Training interventions aimed at improving peripheral vision, strengthening of the cervical muscles, targeted conditioning programmes to reduce the effects of fatigue, and emphasising safe and effective playing techniques have the potential to reduce the risk of sustaining a concussion injury.