Athens Conference Research Articles

From Athens to New York via Madrid. The Consequences of the 1931 Congress on the Cultural and Museum Policies Pursued by the Office International des Musées

The Athens Conference on the Restoration of Historic Monuments and Buildings, held in October 1931, marked an important chapter in the work of the Office International des Musées (OIM). The aim of this paper is to examine the initial articles produced which addressed the theme of the conference, published in the journal Mouseion, and demonstrate how they influenced the way in which the OIM approached the organisation of two subsequent conferences, one held in Madrid in 1934 – in particular the section on the adaptation of ancient buildings for museum purposes, assigned to Italy – and another, on the social role of museums, which was planned for 1939, but the event did not come to fruition.

The International Commission on Historical Monuments (1933-1937)

At the end of 1933, the International Commission on Historical Monuments (ICHM, own abbreviation) was founded under the framework of the International Museums Office. It was a result of the discussions at the Athens Conference in 1931, at which the participants had explicitly expressed the wish to cooperate more closely internationally in the field of the conservation of cultural heritage. The ICHM considered itself a coordinating body for experience and documentation, a platform for exchange and a source of inspiration for the national administrations. They aimed to generate greater respect among the people for the testimonies of the past and to stimulate a spirit of international solidarity. Even before the ambitious goals of the Commission could bear fruit in practice, the disintegration of the international community put an abrupt end to the ideas of the Commission members. After the 1937 conference on excavations in Cairo, the archival record ends. In this research note, a brief overview of the institutional and personnel anchoring of the ICHM is given, which would like to be an impulse for further research questions.

Molecules to Microbes

How did life begin on Earth? And is there life elsewhere in the Cosmos? Challenging questions, indeed. The series of conferences established by NoR CEL in 2013 addresses these very questions. This paper comprises a summary report of oral presentations that were delivered by NoR CEL’s network members during the 2018 Athens conference and, as such, disseminates the latest research which they have put forward. More in depth material can be found by consulting the contributors referenced papers. Overall, the outcome of this conspectus on the conference demonstrates a case for the existence of “probable chemistry” during the prebiotic epoch.

Some remarks derived from the preparatory stages of the 1974 Athens Convention and its 2002 protocol

The preparatory stages of the 2002 Athens Convention are helpful in finding answers to some of the questions of interpretation. Within this context, the observations and the decisions of the IMO Legal Committee, as well as the proposals and observations submitted by the delegations participating its sessions during the preparation of the draft text of the 2002 Protocol, might guide one to draw a conclusion. Among these questions exist the manner of application of the provision regarding the liability of the carrier in terms of the contributory fault or neglect of the passenger, or his or hers mental injury, or the possibility of maintenance of personal accident insurance. Additionally, the 1974 Athens Conference might also be regarded as helpful in order to interpret the rules relating to the performing carrier and the situation of the gratuitous carriage in terms of the Convention.

Molecules to Microbes

How did life begin on Earth? And is there life elsewhere in the Cosmos? Challenging questions, indeed. The series of conferences established by NoR CEL in 2013, addresses these very same questions. The basis for this paper is the summary report of oral presentations that were delivered by NoR CEL’s network members during the 2018 Athens conference and, as such, disseminates the latest research which they have put forward. More in depth material can be found by consulting the contributors referenced papers. Overall, the outcome of this conspectus on the conference demonstrates a case for the existence of “probable chemistry” during the prebiotic epoch.

Eating Insects Athens Conference 2018 and the North American Coalition for Insect Agriculture

Abstract In August 2018, the North American Coalition for Insect Agriculture (NACIA) organized a 3-d conference, Eating Insects Athens, in Athens, GA. The conference built on the success of the 2016 event, Eating Insects Detroit, and highlighted progress in both research and industry linked to insect agriculture. NACIA was created as a platform to strengthen an industry currently in its infancy. Goals of NACIA include, but are not limited to, promoting discussion about insect agriculture, educating, and streamlining efforts aimed at developing quality products for consumption by humans, livestock, poultry, or aquaculture. The 3-d Eating Insects Athens conference consisted of presentations, outreach events, and small group sessions to further develop the mission of NACIA. This overview article highlights some of the topics discussed at the conference, including optimizing production systems, developing standard operating procedures related to quality assurance, and investigating key issues such as palatability and bioavailability of insect nutrients, allergenicity, animal welfare, and ethics. Such research has the potential to improve the environmental impacts, resource efficiency, public acceptance, and regulatory approval of insect agriculture. Though the field and study of insect agriculture is young, the increased interest in research indicates a promising future.

Molecules to Microbes

How did life begin on Earth? And is there life elsewhere in the Cosmos? Challenging questions, indeed. The series of conferences established by NoR CEL in 2013, addresses these very same questions. The basis for this paper is the summary report of oral presentations that were delivered by NoR CEL’s network members during the 2018 Athens conference and, as such, disseminates the latest research which they have put forward. More in depth material can be found by consulting the contributors referenced papers. Overall, the outcome of this conspectus on the conference demonstrates a case for the existence of “probable chemistry” during the prebiotic epoch.

Restoration of the Theatre of Marcellus, almost one hundred years later

<p>Las obras históricas de restauración del Teatro de Marcelo, que comenzaron en 1926 y terminaron a principios de los años treinta, representan de lleno el estado del debate sobre la disciplina de la restauración que se había generado en Italia en vísperas de la Conferencia de Atenas. De hecho, estas obras abordaron varios aspectos de la restauración, no sólo los arqueológicos (la excavación, la consolidación, la reconstrucción de partes que faltan) sino también los arquitectónicos, por ejemplo la cuestión de las estratificaciones y del entorno. En las obras de reconstrucción y de consolidación se utilizaron técnicas tradicionales con materiales antiguos y también contemporáneas (hormigón armado y hierro), evaluando lo más adecuado en cada caso y experimentando la mejor solución directamente en la obra.</p>

Two Approvals from the 1931 Athens Conference: Anastylosis and International Collaboration for Architectural Conservation: New Evidence

The Athens Conference was an international meeting on architectural conservation, organized by the International Museums Office, an institution that belonged to the League of Nations, in October 1931. The discovery of official documents, such as the minutes and statements of participants, clarifies discussions for all nine sessions. This study addresses approvals of the restoration measure, anastylosis, and the worldwide safeguard for historic monuments. Furthermore, it argues that the Athens Conference was the first global meeting in the twentieth century to frame modern conservation principals in terms of a role model for archaeological interventions and global aids for architectural protection.

Bereni Laure, 2015, La bataille de la parité. Mobilisations pour la féminisation du pouvoir , Paris, Economica, études politiques, 300 p.

Bereni Laure, 2015, La bataille de la parite. Mobilisations pour la feminisation du pouvoir [The fight for political parity: mobilizing for feminization of power], Paris, Economica, Etudes politiques, 300 p.Based on a doctoral thesis defended in 2007, this book contributes to both history of feminism and women's political history. Its subject - 1990s mobilizations for political parity in France - precision with which it was written, and wide range of questions it discusses will it of interest to sociologists of public policy as well as specialists of gender, mobilizations and political activism. Grounded in a multimodal socio-historical survey that combines interviews, questionnaires and archive study, book covers period from 1992 to 2000 in primarily chronological order.The author begins by presenting success of parity as an enigma to be resolved: How, after a long period of lethargy in French feminist movement, did a handful of not particularly unified feminist activists manage to obtain - in one short decade - a revision of constitution and passage of a bill that seemed unimaginable in late 1980s? To answer this question, Laure Bereni forges an original analytic category scope of which exceeds framework of her study. On model of Lilian Mathieu's concept of the space of social movements, she creates the space of women's cause, defined as the configuration of sites for mobilization for and in name of women in a plurality of social spheres (p. 17). With this she can apprehend historicity of mobilizations for political parity, their extension and their ideological and sector-based heterogeneity, integrating initiatives by political parties, trade unions, state structures, religious institutions or associations and intellectual milieu in addition to specifically feminist mobilizations.Bereni's study in first three chapters of emergence and gradual enlargement of movement for political parity immediately demonstrates heuristic value of her concept of space of women's cause. Pro-parity initiatives were hardly restricted to feminist circles that developed in 1970s. From as early as 1992 they arose in quite different spheres: regions (the Femmes d'Alsace [Women of Alsace] electoral list); feminist intellectual milieu (publication of Au pouvoir, citoyennes! Liberte, Egalite, Parite [Onward to power, women citizens! Liberty, Equality, Parity]); European Commission (Athens Conference); and others. Despite their small numbers and profound divisions that could already be discerned within movement, highly invested women activists were already trying to make a movement around a marginal cause within various structures. While fleeting Reseau femmes [Women's network] of 1993 failed to created a wide-ranging movement in favour of political parity, activists Gisele Halimi, Antoinette Fouque and Yvette Roudy, each of who launched initiatives at nearly same time, together with major women's associations established throughout twentieth century, managed, despite their differences, to bring issue to life politically.Chapters IV and V, among most interesting, offer a traditional analysis of activist careers and seem to suggest possibility of connecting analysis of social movements with analysis of political party activism. With her series of portraits of activists and intellectuals and related sociological information, author immerses reader in parity movement. …

Urban sustainability in Old City Centres, a Comparison Between the City of Najaf in Iraq and Italian Cities Experiences

This paper discusses the current situationinold cities ofIraq, whichis not commensuratewiththe highprestige andsanctity ofwhatit containsandwhatit represents of rarityandtypicality. The aim of the research is tobuild a baseof knowledge about the urbansustainabilityin development ofthe historiccity centers and in particular city of Najaf,the center ofNajaf. The research also explores the possibilities of benefiting from theItalian citiesexperiences to reach a state ofconsistencyand harmonybetween the variousplanningdimensions, tokeep thefunctional, structural and spatialsustainabilityandcultural heritage, and tocreatea sustainable environmentfor theoccupants, visitors and workers. Theoretical part of the paper includes definitions for methods of dealing with historic cities then displays the treaties and conventions, which are important as they represent the gist of schematic scientific thought on the global level, Iraq is committed to (such as Athens Conference, the Hague Act 1954, Gobineau Conference in 1960, UNESCO 1962, UNESCO in 1962, the Kyoto criteria in 1967, the Paris meeting in 1968, the Rome Conference in 1972, the Rome Declaration in 1983, etc.) Then, second part studying Italian cities experiences of the historic centers, for example (Florence, Venice, Bologna), It is important to have a precise analysis according to the approved urban sustainability criteria. In the third part, the paper presents the condition of the old city of Najaf through the available information and field work, which included obtaining information on the structural, demographic, economic, administrative, religious, cultural and environmental aspects and the infrastructure in the old city of Najaf to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses. After comparing with the Italian cities experiences, the paper proposes plans for the restructuring of the old city of Najaf Ashraf and then recommendations.

Together towards Life and the Mission Studies Curriculum

Personal reflection It was a great privilege as vice-moderator of the WCC Commission on World Mission and Evangelism (WCC-CWME) from 2007--2013 to be asked to chair the drafting group for the planned new policy statement on mission and evangelism, and I hope I may be allowed a few moments to reminisce about that experience. During the previous CWME, preparing the statement and getting it through the relevant processes became our main work. The first stage was to determine our priorities for the document. Since we could not cover all the many facets of mission, we had to select what we could agree were the priorities for mission in today's landscape. Looking back at the only previous statement from 1982, "Mission and Evangelism: An Ecumenical Affirmation," it was clear that the global landscape had altered significantly. (2) The year 1982 came before the end of the Cold War and the onset of globalization, before 9/11 and the so-called "clash of civilisations," (3) and in many other respects it seemed a long time ago. In the light of this, our mission priorities needed rethinking. Once we had decided these at the commission meeting in Bangalore in 2008--marginalization, evangelism, ecclesiology, and mission spirituality--we divided into groups to work on them. Each group held consultations to inform its writing. I was privileged to contribute to a meeting in Manila in July 2011 to discuss mission and pneumatology, another on church and mission in Geneva in May 2011, and a third on mission spirituality in Jamaica that same month. Our joint conference with the Faith and Order Commission in Hungary in 2009 supported the work on ecclesiology, the Edinburgh 2010 project and conference helped to frame our ideas ecumenically, and several other WCC initiatives also fed into our work. It was daunting to receive the first reports from the groups and to try and work out how to put them together as a coherent whole. What is more, each part needed to be approved by the rest of the 25-member commission and the discussions threw up fascinating theological and missiological issues at every turn. Finally, one weekend in Geneva in 2011, the moderator Bishop George Varghese mor Coorilos, secretary Revd Dr Jooseop Keum, and I finalized the introduction and conclusion--initially drafted by Dr Keum--and then the complete draft document could be circulated for the commission's approval. The pre-assembly conference on mission and evangelism in Manila in March 2012 was the most exciting part of the process for me. The draft document was examined and tested by 250 mission practitioners and scholars over five days. In the wonderful atmosphere created by the Philippine Council of Churches, the new statement met with general affirmation and the scrutiny bore fruit in many constructive suggestions that were implemented by a further revision group led by Revd Dr Kenneth Ross. Then at the end of August that year it was my privilege to present the document to the WCC central committee meeting in Crete, and it was to my great relief that I heard it was accepted as official WCC policy. Finally, at the WCC general assembly in Busan in South Korea in 2013, I moderated the plenary on mission--the first for 21 years--at which the message of Together towards Life was introduced to the churches. I believe the success of this document owes a great deal to the forethought of Revd Jacques Matthey, the former commission secretary, to the careful steering and energetic leadership of Dr Jooseop Keum, and to the moderation of Bishop Mor Coorilos. It has been a great honour to contribute. Significance of Together towards Life for missiological education What is the significance of Together towards Life for missiological education? I believe we should see its significance in three main ways: in its novel pneumatological approach, in the ecumenical consensus it represents, and in its use of the world Christianity paradigm. …

What is to be done? Redefining, re-asserting, reclaiming and re-shaping land, labour and the city

‘How does a global financial crisis permeate the spaces of the everyday in a city?’ This seems a precise question. But it is one that nevertheless needs analytical exploration in time and space as well as redefinitions both of the crisis and of land, labour and the city. The question is posed by the research group ‘crisis-scape’ in a brief statement about their film, ‘Future Suspended: from the Olympic spectacle to the dawn of the authoritarian-financial spectacle’. That characterisation is a touching-off point for explorations (in space and time) and for examination of aspects of the film and associated research. They are set out here on the basis of a presentation at their Athens Conference, of their film2, one ‘classic’ film, ‘Ulysses’ Gaze’ by Theo Angelopoulos, and of related work in this journal, as contributions to the development of an appropriate praxis, through some preliminary answers to the question: What is to be done?

Managing the “Helsinki Spirit” in the Balkans: The Greek Initiative for Balkan Co-operation, 1975–1976

The analysis examines the origins and implementation of the Greek diplomatic initiative for multilateral co-operation amongst the Balkan states in the aftermath of the Helsinki Act of the Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). Notwithstanding pressing domestic and security concerns, détente and, in particular, the spirit of the CSCE process significantly influenced Greek Prime Minister Constantinos Karamanlis’ decision to instigate Balkan co-operation on a multilateral and not just on a bilateral level. The “Helsinki spirit” opened a window of opportunity for regional Powers from different blocs to come together. Despite its limited results, the political significance of the Athens Conference lay in the fact that it took place at all in view of Cold War realities and inter-Balkan rivalries.

아테네 헌장(1931)의 재고

This paper is to review the conclusions of the Athens conference that has so far contributed to the conservation world. It is normally called the conclusions of the Athens conference as the Athens charter. But the conclusions of the Athens are not as same as the Athens Charter regarding the contents. The former had more valuable contents than the latter regarding historic monuments. And the report of the Athens conference including 56 articles and 500 pages with 55 photos was published in 1933 by the International Museums Office. But little attention has been given to the report of the Athens conference. Therefore the point I want to make is to review to the report in order to understand the agenda of the conference and to examine the Anastylosis in Acropolis. In conclusion, these agendas and the articles in the report show us that the conference was sort of milestone with some advanced modern philosophical and technical concepts about conservation and restoration of historic monuments. Also when the term of anastylosis turns to reconstruction in archaeological sites, we are going to face with the problems of authenticity.

Absolute continuity for operator valued completely positive maps on C∗-algebras

Motivated by applicability to quantum operations, quantum information, and quantum probability, we investigate the notion of absolute continuity for operator valued completely positive maps on C∗-algebras, previously introduced by Parthasarathy [in Athens Conference on Applied Probability and Time Series Analysis I (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996), pp. 34–54]. We obtain an intrinsic definition of absolute continuity, we show that the Lebesgue decomposition defined by Parthasarathy is the maximal one among all other Lebesgue-type decompositions and that this maximal Lebesgue decomposition does not depend on the jointly dominating completely positive map, we obtain more flexible formulas for calculating the maximal Lebesgue decomposition, and we point out the nonuniqueness of the Lebesgue decomposition as well as a sufficient condition for uniqueness. In addition, we consider Radon–Nikodym derivatives for absolutely continuous completely positive maps that, in general, are unbounded positive self-adjoint operators affiliated to a certain von Neumann algebra, and we obtain a spectral approximation by bounded Radon–Nikodym derivatives. An application to the existence of the infimum of two completely positive maps is indicated, and formulas in terms of Choi’s matrices for the Lebesgue decomposition of completely positive maps in matrix algebras are obtained.

Come holy Spirit,Diagnose, Heal and Reconcile:Lingering Questions from Athens

The 2005 Athens Mission Conference was unique in several respects, not simply because this was the first major ecumenical mission meeting to be held in a predominantly Orthodox context. Apart from the rich and visible participation of the various Orthodox traditions from around the globe, the meeting was further enriched by the official participation of the Roman Catholic and the sizeable presence of the Evangelical and Pentecostal churches. By all accounts, the conference perhaps provided a platform for the broadest gathering of all Christian confessional groups. Such a large gathering, however, brings with it certain challenges as well. One key question is how can the widening participation in the ecumenical movement enrich the distinct direction the movement has attained during the last half a century - direction in terms of the visible unity of the churches, inter-faith relations, focus on justice-peace concerns, an increased and just participation of women in the life of the church and other ditch concerns. For the very survival of the ecumenical movement in a meaningful way, it is crucial that we maintain, in our journey forward, the dialectical tension between participation and direction. There are other specific questions that come from the Athens Conference: the Conference was the first major ecumenical mission gathering to choose a theme focussing on healing and reconciliation. At the week-long Conference attended by a large number of medical practitioners, theologians and church leaders, there were, however, no sessions on the larger social and political question that affect healing and reconciliation. Could the theme have been dealt with at a level deeper than was seen at Athens? This paper argues that, with all the potential for wider ecumenical participation initiated at Athens, what was lacking at the conference was a keen theological and social analysis of the various missional challenges before us today.

Christianity's first steps into its third millennium

Abstract This solicited article reflects on two major events marking the first steps of Christianity into its third millennium. The first is the CWME Conference held at Athens, May 9-16, 2005, the second is the ninth Assembly of the WCC at Porto Alegre, Brazil, February 14-23, 2006. The introduction begins with the symbol-laden opening ceremony of the Athens Conference where a huge cross shipped from Jerusalem was received, a cross, which also will be referred to in Porto Alegre. This provided a telling image about Christianity along its way from local to global significance. The article first reviews the Athens conference in light of innovations. These include the genuine embrace of a larger community than just the WCC membership and an appeal to the basic commonalities of Christian life beyond dogmatic constraints by turning to Bible-study and prayer. The same perspective also informs the second part of the article, which looks at the forthcoming Assembly and points to some significant changes such as giving up the majority vote in favor of a consensus model and embedding the discussion of hot topics within the larger framework of ecumenical conversations. While these changes reflect an maturity they are also bold and risky steps, which deserve to be regarded with appreciation and care. They are held to be expressions of a new spirit, bringing the church more truly in line with the kenotic love of God in Christ, something regarded us most telling about Christianity's self-perception upon entering its third millennium. Introduction The symbolism could hardly have been more powerful on the morning of Tuesday, 10 May 2005. The place is the tiny harbour of Aghios Andreas, thirty kilometres northeast of Athens, Greece. It is crowded with people from around the world, official statistics speak of more than 600 coming from 105 nations and representing not less than 300 different churches, denominations, Christian organizations and networks. The occasion is the opening ceremony of the Conference on World Mission and Evangelism, also counted as the thirteenth world mission conference. While a small choir of priests and seminarians chant Greek Orthodox hymns a mid-sized fishing boat appears, slowly approaching the pier where it delivers a huge cross pieced together by numerous bits of olive wood. Carefully the cross is unloaded and carried in a procession to the makeshift worship space--a tent put up on this site for use during the conference. It is placed at the tent's main entrance to remind all present of the desperate need for reconciliation. But how? What's so special about it? Well, this cross serves as a reminder of the pivotal reconciliation of humankind to God in Christ. Crafted by Palestinian artisans from the wood of trees chopped clown by order of the Israeli government to make room for the so-called security wall being erected to brutally divide Palestinian and Israeli peoples, this cross was sent as a greeting by Palestinian Christians to the conference and shipped from Jerusalem to Athens to alert participants to their persistent striving for reconciliation in the Middle East. Yet, the symbolism of the ceremony was not exhausted by this fact. The action also recalled the way along which the gospel once came from Jerusalem to Athens, then the center of Hellenistic philosophy. It was in Athens, that Paul preached a famous sermon on the Areopagos, which turned into something of a failure (Acts 17:16-34) foreshadowing the marginalization of the Christian faith by affluent and sophisticated societies. Beyond that it recalled the question posed by the North African church father Tertullian (~150-223/35 CE) at the beginning of the third century: indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem? What concord is there between the Academy and the Church? What between heretics and Christians? ... Away with all attempts to produce a mottled Christianity of Stoic, Platonic, and dialectic composition! …

Reflections on the Athens Conference

International Review of MissionVolume 94, Issue 374 p. 425-434 Reflections on the Athens Conference Valdir Raul Steuernagel, Valdir Raul Steuernagel A Brazilian theologian, Rev. Dr Valdir Steuernagel is World Vision representative for Christian Engagement and Spiritual RenewalSearch for more papers by this author Valdir Raul Steuernagel, Valdir Raul Steuernagel A Brazilian theologian, Rev. Dr Valdir Steuernagel is World Vision representative for Christian Engagement and Spiritual RenewalSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 March 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6631.2005.tb00517.x Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume94, Issue374July 2005Pages 425-434 RelatedInformation

Descriptive Introduction to the Programme of the Athens Conference

Descriptive Introduction to the Programme of the Athens Conference