Asynchronous Transfer Mode Technology Research Articles

Analisis Sistem Kerja Asyncronus Transfer Mode (ATM) Pada Aplikasi Canva

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network technology designed to support high-speed data transfer by utilizing small fixed-size data packets called cells. This study aims to analyze the implementation and performance of ATM in the context of the Canva application, a web-based graphic design platform. The study includes a theoretical review of ATM's working principles, advantages, and limitations, as well as the network performance analysis methods used.In this research, we examine how ATM can optimize data transmission in the Canva application, considering the importance of network speed and efficiency in ensuring an optimal user experience. The analysis results show that ATM can provide the high transfer speeds and stability required by the Canva application, especially in managing complex and large-sized graphic data.The conclusion of this study confirms that the implementation of ATM technology in web-based applications like Canva can significantly enhance network performance. This study also offers important insights for further development in integrating advanced network technologies for internet-based applications to support increasing data demands.

Energy efficient framework to implement next generation network protocol using ATM technology

Real-time and multimedia apps on an integrated service internet are quickly becoming a realization. In the meanwhile, ATM technology is becoming available. Integrating ATM networks into this internet of integrated services is a significant challenge. Traditional TCP over ATM is one of the ways that is currently extensively used, effectively overcoming the problem of accessing network and compatibility. Providing quality-of-service (QoS) assurances for internet traffic flowing over ATM subnets is still a significant challenge. Integrating TCP/IP and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a problematic systemic issue in today's global networks. Asynchronous Transfer Mode's particular features must be integrated with the TCP/IP framework. A precise assessment of TCP/IP over ATM efficiency will be a valuable tool for combining the two approaches. When not used properly, TCP errors and traffic regulation algorithms were designed for best-effort networks and may degrade results on ATM networks. Quality of Service (QoS) is also hidden from programmed using standard overlay technologies such as LAN Emulation or Classic TCP over ATM. For optimal communication, this paper provides complete and standardized research and analysis of Protocol via ATM in a 5G network environment. Our proposed novel framework, TCP applications from QoS, provides Enhanced Energy Zam-Zam Transmission Control Protocol (EEZZTCP). The performance metrics like an end-to-end delay, throughput, Energy utilized, and packet delivery ratio are compared to another method.

Broadband Services Implementation by Using Survivable ATM Architecture

In Communication Networks, connectivity with Data Voice and Video Services are enhanced by means of NXN connectivity. These three domains play a vital role viz interconnection of users (Networking), Transition from one stage to another (Switching) and determining the path connectivity (Routing are main to enhance the single period to multiperiod network services. Survivability techniques focus on improving the network efficiency rather than redundancy. Hence this paper focuses on the General Fiber Network Architecture by using ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) with SONET (Synchronous Optical Network and also enable its support enhancement by using uniform Multiplexing Switched Network (MSN) and Transfer Mode (TM). It refers to the networking, switching and routing by using multiplexing process in end-to- end communication. In the previous era many experiments that use ATM technology, by integrating digital transmission services in a network of fiber optics media (B-ISDN) was used. In this paper ATM standards, switches are used to conduct the experiments by using Optical Cross Connectivity (OCC), Optical Path Protection and Restoration (OPPR), Optical Network Integration Scheme (ONIS) are presented by using Survivable ATM Architecture (SATMA-BS).

Architectural choices in large scale ATM switches

The rapid development of Asynchronous Transfer Mode technology in the last 10-15 years has stimulated renewed interest in the design and analysis of switching systems, leading to new ideas for system designs and new insights into the performance and evaluation of such systems. As ATM moves closer to realizing the vision of ubiquitous broadband ISDN services, the design of switching systems takes on growing importance. This paper seeks to clarify the key architectural issues for ATM switching system design and provides a survey of the current state-of-the-art.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Technology and Applications

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology and determine where it is in its evolutionary development. Technologies that fragment data into small pieces typically have very poor performance because there is no mechanism to detect and retransmit lost cells when a piece of the data is lost in transit. The only way to recover the damaged cell is to retransmit the entire large packet again. An alternative to inefficiently retransmitting the entire packet is to only retransmit the individual cells that are lost or damaged. The ATM technology incorporates the ability to retransmit only the cells in each packet that were not received properly. It also enhances transmission performance by reducing flow control activity required at each network link. Surveying recent products serves as an effective barometer for determining how the ATM technology is evolving. State-of-the-market ATM products indicate that an ATM design solution provides unmatched speed, fault-tolerance, and scalability through multiple, meshed inter-switch connections that support load-sharing across networks. At its current point in evolutionary technological development, ATM is a key enabling communications technology that will introduce new applications to users and network providers, as well as provide higher bandwidth capacity to networks. Because of its high-bandwidth capacity and cell-oriented architecture, ATM is the dominant infrastructure for delivering virtually all types of communications, including data, voice, image, and multimedia, into the buildings and desktops of users around the world. By carefully considering critical performance issues, and accommodating existing legacy systems during ATM implementations, the telecommunications industry has insured that ATM will not only be the design solution of the future, but that it can provide cost effective applications today as well.

Significant predictors of information technology innovation adoption

Organisations need to constantly adopt new technological innovations, in one way or another, in order to improve or keep their efficiencies or competitive advantages in business. The present study examines asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology adoption in universities to investigate if there is a significant relationship between ATM technology adoption and university size, type, finance and information processing maturity. The results provided significant evidence that there is a statistically significant relationship between each of these variables and ATM technology adoption in universities. Correspondingly, these organisational variables can serve as predictors of other IT adoptions in other settings, such as in firms or financial institutions.

A frame-level measurement apparatus for performance testing of ATM equipment

Performance testing of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) equipment is dealt with here. The attention is principally paid to frame-level metrics, recently proposed by the ATM Forum because of their suitability to reflect user-perceived performance better than traditional cell-level metrics. Following the suggestions of the ATM Forum, more and more network engineers and production managers are interested today in these metrics, thus increasing the need of instruments and measurement solutions appropriate to their estimation. Trying to satisfy this exigency, a new VME extension for instrumentation (VXI) based measurement apparatus is proposed in the paper. The apparatus features a suitable software, developed by the authors, which allows the evaluation of the aforementioned metrics by simply making use of common ATM analyzers; only two VXI line interfaces, capable of managing the physical and ATM layers, are, in fact, adopted. Some details concerning ATM technology and its hierarchical structure, as well as the main differences between frames, specific to the ATM adaptation layer, and cells, characterizing the underlying ATM layer, are first given. Both the hardware and software solutions of the measurement apparatus are then described in detail, paying particular attention to the measurement procedures implemented. In the end, the performance of a new ATM device is assessed through the proposed apparatus.

Organizational Size: A Significant Predictor of it Innovation Adoption

Companies or organizations have to constantly adopt new technological innovations one way or the other in order to improve or keep their efficiency or competitive advantages in business. The present study examined ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) technology adoption in university settings to investigate if there is a statistically significant relationship between university size and ATM technology adoption. The results provided significant evidence that there is a statistically significant relationship between university size and ATM technology adoption in university settings. Correspondingly, organizational size can serve as a predictor of other IT adoptions in other settings, such as in firms or financial institutions.

Quality of service in third-generation IP-based radio access networks

Currently, the radio access network (RAN) in code division multiple access (CDMA)-based third-generation (3G) technologies (CDMA2000 and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service [UMTS]) is based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). By using the quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees provided by ATM technology, these 3G systems can efficiently transport time-sensitive user traffic to different network elements. An effort is currently under way in several wireless standards bodies to convert this connection-oriented ATM-based RAN to a connectionless Internet protocol (IP) network. Such a migration would converge the core and radio access networks and hence yield cost savings and ease of maintenance. It is also apparent that such a migration imposes new challenges to be solved on the QoS front since IP is, predominantly, a best-effort transport mechanism. In this paper, we explore the QoS support provided by 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) standards and discuss several possibilities for using IP transport without degrading the QoS experienced by different traffic types. We provide a detailed description on the DiffServ approach and how it can be used together with multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technology to provide the QoS guarantees in an IP-based RAN. Finally, we briefly describe how the QoS framework discussed for CDMA2000∗ can be applied to UMTS based networks.

Optimization models for ATM network planning

This article describes mathematical programming models that have been developed and employed to evaluate configuration strategies for metropolitan ATM telecommunication networks. The models determine the optimal placement of ATM switch hardware and fiber optic transport. The objective is to satisfy point-to-point traffic demand at minimum cost while ensuring specified performance under a core failure contingency. Model results suggest that a simple architecture based on two core switch locations provides a robust, near-optimal solution. Scope and purpose Communication service providers face a future market environment characterized by dramatically increasing demand and dominance of data services over voice services. One approach to achieving a “data-centric” network architecture relies on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology, in which all types of traffic (voice, data, video, etc.) are converted to common data packets. The optimization models described in this article support an effective application of ATM technology to ensure that customer service demands are satisfied in a reliable and cost-efficient manner.

Mobility management and control in intelligent wireless ATM networks

This paper shows how the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) signaling and the Intelligent Network (IN) concept can be exploited to support mobility in an ATM-based network with wireless access parts and mobile users. The proposed architecture exploits the enhanced service control processing features offered by the IN technology to support location management. The access signaling protocol structure is based on the principles of separation between call and bearer channel control, employed in fixed broadband access networks. The design objective is to minimize the changes required to the wired network signaling, by taking advantage of the well-developed capability sets. This allows the easy introduction of the wireless ATM technology (W-ATM) into the real world. It is shown that the proposed signaling protocol model provides cost-effective implementations without degrading the agreed Quality of Service (QoS) and the system's performance. A comparative signaling performance evaluation is carried-out to demonstrate the impact of the proposed signaling protocol architecture onto various performance measures and to quantify the relative gains. The obtained results can be used for network design purposes in a large-scale private installation supporting many users. The signaling protocol architecture aims for private W-ATM networks, but can be readily extended to fulfill the signaling requirements of public environment broadband wireless systems.

Performance evaluation of CAI and RAI transmission modes in a GI-G-1 queue

In this paper, a discrete-time single-server queue is considered with an uncorrelated message arrival process and an uncorrelated server interruption process. The length of the messages is modeled as a series of positive i.i.d. random variables and two operation modes are considered. In continue after interruption mode (CAI) the processing of an interrupted message resumes with the next packet of this message. In repeat after interruption mode (RAI), the complete message is reprocessed after a server interruption. Using a generating-functions approach, explicit expressions for the mean and variance of buffer occupancy and message delay are derived for both operation modes. For illustration purposes, a discrete-time Pois-Geo-1 system is then evaluated. Scope and purpose Discrete-time queueing theory has gained a lot of interest recently to describe queueing related phenomena in an environment where time is slotted, such as various digital computer and communication systems including mobile and B-ISDN networks based on asynchronous transfer mode technology. This work focuses on a discrete-time queueing system with server interruptions, which can occur when several users have to share a common resource, or when this resource is temporarily unavailable due to external causes such as maintenance or system failures. The contribution of this paper mainly lies in the model that is considered, the solution method that is applied, as well as the results that are generated. First, we want to introduce a model with an interrupted service process that allows us to compare an environment where interrupted messages must be retransmitted with the situation where this is not the case. Second, we will show that a generating-functions approach is extremely suitable for solving such a queueing model. And finally, we want to establish closed-form formulas in terms of the system parameters that enable us to assess the system performance for the two transmission modes that are considered.

How ATM Networks Meet Professional Broadcast Demands

Through the combination of digital TV and digital networking technologies, the transport of professional broadcast services is undergoing a tremendous evolution. After a move from analog to digital, specialized leased lines are being replaced progressively by powerful general purpose asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based networks. The most critical issue for the adoption of this new technology by the broadcast industry is the transport of live realtime broadcast services, for which the most serious constraints appear. The level of performance that can be expected for this application is a key point for the end-user broadcaster. After reviewing various elements of the ATM technology, this paper focuses on performance aspects: the mechanisms put in place, leading to commitments by both the end-user broadcaster and the network operator to a given level of performance are explained; practical performance results are given; and examples of large-scale deployments are described.

Functional requirements for an interactive telesurgery system with open MRI via a broadband ISDN

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology is being touted as a “silver bullet” solution that will enable a host of new and advanced multimedia services seamlessly across both local and wide area networks. While it appears likely that ATM will have a genuine impact on the future of business communications, a major hurdle that needs to be overcome before this happens lies with the semantic gap that exists between the ATM technology development and marketing community and the prospective customer base which stands to benefit from the technology. The work described in this paper represents our attempt to help close this gap through an examination of the kinds of multimedia business applications we believe ATM technology will provide its end users. We describe sample demonstration applications developed at GTE Laboratories that help to explain how ATM can impact business communications from the desktop. A further theme of the work described concerns our efforts to take best advantage of key features of ATM to assist ongoing investigation of multimedia application concepts and their implementation.

A general methodology based on the handover rate for network planning of cellular radio networks based on ATM

Mobile radio networks based on ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) technology, such as wireless ATM, are considered. More precisely, the topology of connections between the ATM nodes and the base stations is investigated, taking the limited capacity of ATM nodes into account. This requires the partitioning of cells, that is, the set of cells has to be subdivided into subsets so that base stations of cells belonging to the same subset are connected to the same ATM switch. Among the possible partitions, the optimum solution is that giving the minimum number of handovers requiring a change of ATM switch: in this case, a path rerouting procedure must be carried out, causing additional delays in executing the handover. The optimum partition could be found by exhaustively considering all possibilities once the rates between cells is known; however, this would lead to an incredible complexity for the planning of large networks. We define a general methodology based on the concept, of handover rate between cells, which allows the choice of the best partition by taking mobility, radio, and fixed network aspects into account. Moreover, some new low-complexity partitioning algorithms determining suboptimum solutions are proposed. Finally, we show that the suboptimum partition slightly depends on some radio interface choices, such as the algorithm, thus allowing separate design of the two aspects.

Buffer Management Simulation in Atm Networks

Computer networking communications are now in the era of dedicated, high-speed switched networks. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks are increasing in importance because ATM technology has the ability to deliver a high quality of service, while simultaneously supporting multiple classes of traffic on the same transmission pathway. Traffic management is increasingly becoming an important focus of study in ATM networks. In this context, congestion control through adequate buffering is becoming particularly significant to minimize the probability of cell loss and cell delay when multiple large traffic bursts are received concurrently at a switch [1,2]. This paper presents a simulation of a new dynamic buffer allocation management scheme in ATM networks. To achieve this objective, an algorithm that detects congestion and updates the dynamic buffer allocation scheme was developed for the OPNET simulation package via the creation of a new ATM module. This dynamic buffer allocation scheme utilizes four identified attributes: in-use bandwidth, in-use bandwidth of distinct Quality of Service (QoS) of an incoming traffic, available number of buffers on the corresponding logical queue, and the latest short-term cell arrival rate destined to the corresponding output port. The behavior of the network under bursty traffic conditions was examined.

NASA/DARPA Advanced Communications Technology Satellite Project for Evaluation of Telemedicine Outreach Using Next-Generation Communications Satellite Technology: Mayo Foundation Participation

To describe the development of telemedicine capabilities-application of remote consultation and diagnostic techniques-and to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of such clinical outreach to rural and underserved communities with limited telecommunications infrastructures. In 1992, Mayo Foundation (Rochester, Minn, Jacksonville, Fla, and Scottsdale, Ariz), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency collaborated to create a complex network of fiberoptic landlines, video recording systems, satellite terminals, and specially developed data translators linking Mayo sites with other locations in the continental United States on an on-demand basis. The purpose was to transmit data via the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) digital communications protocol over the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite. The links were intended to provide a conduit for transmission of data for patient-specific consultations between physicians, evaluation of medical imagery, and medical education for clinical staffs at remote sites. Low-data-rate (LDR) experiments went live late in 1993. Mayo Clinic Rochester successfully provided medical consultation and services to 2 small regional medical facilities. High-data-rate (HDR) experiments included studies of remote digital echocardiography, store-and-forward telemedicine, cardiac catheterization, and teleconsultation for congenital heart disease. These studies combined landline data transmission with use of the satellite. The complexity of the routing paths and network components, immaturity of available software, and inexperience with existing telecommunications caused significant study delays. These experiments demonstrated that next-generation satellite technology can provide batch and real-time imagery for telemedicine. The first-generation of the ATM and satellite network technology used in these experiments created several technical problems and inconveniences that should be overcome as the network infrastructure matures.

ATM in the home - and - the home area network

The cost of asynchronous transfer mode technology is falling while its deployment is growing. Once regarded as a technology strictly for rates above 100 Mbps, ATM may now be considered for any networking scenario where multimedia and real-time are important. We look at a possible deployment path for ATM technology in the home and explain some of our practical work. These are both based on dumb ATM devices which can be built for low cost. The style of operation and method of control of these dumb devices uses the approach of the ATM Warren. The Warren is a method of building low cost ATM devices and switches where the cost savings are achieved by using fixed VCI values in end stations and by using proxy control from a single processor, rather than local control processors in each device or switch.

A survey on wireless ATM technologies and standardization

Growing emphasis on multimedia traffic has underlined the importance of broadband asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks which are capable of supporting demanding applications such as audio/video playback, image browsing, real-time voice/video transmission and interactive data exchange in a unified manner. However, the extension of ATM from wireline to wireless creates a new set of challenging issues. ATM standards are developed based on high data rates and reliable transmission links. This is in contrast to wireless channels where bandwidth is limited and error rates are high. Furthermore, existing ATM specifications are designed primarily to provide services to fixed end-terminals with little ability to adapt to mobile connections and the highly time-varying conditions associated with wireless networks. This paper surveys the major technical and service issues related to the deployment of ATM in third-generation wireless networks. It will also cover how international standards are progressing in this important area.

The Relationships Between Selected Organizational Variables and ATM Technology Adoption in Campus Networking

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is an emerging technology in computer networking, which, in turn, is the physical media of information systems and networking/telecommunication systems. The technology provides potentiality for universities to build their networks based on the future vision of uniting voice, data, and video communications on ATM-technology-based equipment. A review of the literature revealed that minimal evidence exists to indicate whether the size, type, financial factors, and information processing maturity of a university affect a university's high-tech innovation adoptions. No research of this nature has been undertaken in the study of ATM adoption in any institutions of higher learning, nor has any research of this nature been found in other organizations, either. Such evidence is needed by university administrators, information systems managers, and LAN managers to understand their universities better, whether they have or have not adopted ATM, and to evaluate their current administrative, academic, and financial situations and current campus networking situations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between ATM adoption and four organizational variables: university size, type, finances, and information processing maturity. Another purpose of the study was to identify the current status of ATM adoption in campus networking in the United States. Logistic regression was used as the statistical data analysis method. The results of the study provided evidence to show that ATM adoption in campus networking is significantly related to university size, university type, university finances, and university information processing maturity.