Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks Research Articles

Estimating Tail Probability in MMPP/D/1 Queue with Importance Sampling by Service Rate Adjustments

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is an efficient technology for call relays, and it transmits information from multiple services including data, video, or voice. This information is conveyed at ATM multiplexers in small fixed-size packets called cells. The acceptable cell loss probability at ATM multiplexers is about 10−12. Important Sampling (IS) is an efficient method for estimating tiny probabilities that cannot be achieved by traditional Monte Carlo (MC) methods. This research presents a novel approach for evaluating the tail probability in the MMPP/D/1 queue system utilizing importance sampling simulation in the ATM network. To generate more rare events, a virtual queue is implemented in the dequeue process by decreasing the processing rate in the queue. In this way, the tail probability can be estimated on a real-time network.

Energy efficient framework to implement next generation network protocol using ATM technology

Real-time and multimedia apps on an integrated service internet are quickly becoming a realization. In the meanwhile, ATM technology is becoming available. Integrating ATM networks into this internet of integrated services is a significant challenge. Traditional TCP over ATM is one of the ways that is currently extensively used, effectively overcoming the problem of accessing network and compatibility. Providing quality-of-service (QoS) assurances for internet traffic flowing over ATM subnets is still a significant challenge. Integrating TCP/IP and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a problematic systemic issue in today's global networks. Asynchronous Transfer Mode's particular features must be integrated with the TCP/IP framework. A precise assessment of TCP/IP over ATM efficiency will be a valuable tool for combining the two approaches. When not used properly, TCP errors and traffic regulation algorithms were designed for best-effort networks and may degrade results on ATM networks. Quality of Service (QoS) is also hidden from programmed using standard overlay technologies such as LAN Emulation or Classic TCP over ATM. For optimal communication, this paper provides complete and standardized research and analysis of Protocol via ATM in a 5G network environment. Our proposed novel framework, TCP applications from QoS, provides Enhanced Energy Zam-Zam Transmission Control Protocol (EEZZTCP). The performance metrics like an end-to-end delay, throughput, Energy utilized, and packet delivery ratio are compared to another method.

Characteristic's analysis of associative switching system

This paper introduced new method and model of telecommunication switching system design which can be applied to wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, circuit-switching networks or virtual channel/path connections in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. Modern data switching systems such as electronic private branch exchange (PBX), routers and switches include switching matrix which are constructed in the form of bipartite graphs. In such systems, the issues of requests’ processing are considered from the queuing theory point of view. Associative switching systems are fundamentally new structures, therefore it is necessary to develop adequate methods for their throughput determination. Article covered matters of throughput determination basics of an associative switching system and the obtained formulas used for state probability calculation of switching modules and system throughput.

IoT cloud platform for information processing in smart city

AbstractThe construction of a sustainable transport network for people or goods will gain and harm mobility depending on their nature and implementation, using new technology and business models. The regular mobile handoff and replacement of connections allow the efficient mobility management of asynchronous wireless transfer mode (ATM) networks. Hence, the design of the broad spectrum usability network architecture for public ATM systems has been given considerable attention in the literature. Since it has been done on the critical subject of estimating user mobility and the prediction, which aims to improve communication efficiency and the bandwidth efficiency of the underlying system architecture, this article addresses the problem by developing the impact of hierarchical framework of service on transportation and traffic pattern (HFSTTP). The growth in mobile Internet and the use of mobile devices over the last decade allowed for omnipresent information on traffic. With the growing use of unique mobile apps, the number of routing users has evolved to be sufficiently large to interrupt the traffic flow pattern. Modern carriage systems and urban logistics improve the efficiency of the transport of goods and slow down the use of road infrastructure. Numerical examples of vehicle traffic include proof of ties between the network traffic and the routing decision‐making layer. The partnership between a cooperative control layer and a lower control layer to optimize freight transport is a second example. The congestion price in all over the world shows how to incorporate the social plan layer in future mobility services.

Analysis of traffic engineering and fast reroute on multiprotocol label switching

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a technology developed to address the bottleneck of Internet Protocol over Asynchronous Transfer Mode network. It is a packet forwarding technology using labels to make data forwarding decisions. The use of label forwarding instead of IP address consumed a lot less resources in the old days as it was faster but nowadays the speed improvement is negligible due to new lookup table algorithm. However, it is one of the most utilized technologies among Internet Service Providers due to its Traffic Engineering (TE) capability. In this research, a deductive methodology has been used to evaluate the benefit of MPLS Traffic Engineering in the presence of traffic collision and we investigate how the implementation of Fast Reroute (FRR) helps to reduce the convergence time in case of link/node failure. Results show that TE helps to improve the quality of service in terms of latency in the presence of background traffic and FRR helps to reduce convergence time to less than 100 ms.

Load Distribution and Determination of Loss Probability in Asynchronous Network

In this paper, a general description of the problem of calculating probability–time characteristics was presented. At the initial stage of studying this problem, we studied the asynchronous data transmission of the constituent broadband digital network with the integration of services for both the channel switching subnetwork and the packet switching subnetwork. And also the circuit switching subnetwork was investigated using the bypass of the direction of transmission of the stream of multi-channel calls. At the same time, the source data of the problem of calculating probabilistic characteristics were set for the channel switching subnetwork, the characteristics that were determined during the solution of the problem were listed, and some assumptions were described that made it possible to adequately approximate the study of such a model to the functioning of a real network. Next, a mathematical model for calculating the loss probabilities was described, both for communication channels and for nodes of the channel switching subnetwork included in the asynchronous transfer mode network. The model of information traffic transmission is presented, where the method is implemented using network bypass directions. A method has been developed for generating a nodal load of a channel switching subnet and a system of equations has been obtained, the solution of which determines the value of a nodal load relative to the probability of loss on communication channels and proved the uniqueness of the solution of this system of equations.

A Review on Bandwidth Utilization for Bursty Traffic in Asynchronous Transfer Mode Networks

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) network is connection-oriented high speed multiservice network. Now a days ATM networks are used as backbone networks in Telecom industry. ATM network supports different service classes, include ABR (Available Bit Rate), rt-VBR (real time Variable Bit Rate), nrt-VBR (non real time Variable Bit Rate), CBR (Constant Bit Rate), UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate), and GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate)to handle multiple services like data, voice, video and so on. But burtsy traffic handled by ABR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, GBR service classes, but all have their own limitations. This paper presents an overview of different Traffic shaping, Congestion Control mechanisms to handle bursty traffic in ATM networks.

Integrated Network Management for ATM and Broadband Networks using Integrated Speed Bit Protocol

High speed network covers several means of communication and the innovation accomplished in networks had a significant impact on communication concerning terminals and computers. Obviously asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) has appeared as the most significant technology in supporting imminent broadband multimedia communication services, considered to decrease the complexity of the network and advancement in the flexibility of traffic performance and a conventional technique incorporate network management for ATM network is stochastic estimator learning algorithm. Although introduced numerous methods, high speed is the fundamental issue in networking and as it is the asynchronous mode, the sending process continuous to send the data cells that prompts the temporary memory overflow at the receiver side. In this paper propose a new protocol integrated speed bit protocol (ISBP) for integrated network management to preserve the objects. Initially the ISB protocol preserves speed bit manager which encloses the prioritized objects and the objects having the data about the systems, the objects priority vanquished through specific priority factors. As a result the transaction process done faster and the synchronization have the capacity to finish in asynchronous mode, so the temporary memory losses get avoided and consumed more time. Thus the proposed integrated network management for ATM and Broadband networks using ISB protocol system has embraced with the assistance of the speed bit protocol and the experimental results demonstrated that the performance of the system enhanced significantly.

Low Power and High Speed PB-CAM with XNOR-NAND Parameter Comparison Circuit

Objectives: Low power consumption, high-speed and low-cost are the major important needs in several applications like Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Giga-bit Ethernet networks. To achieve high-speed parallel data comparisons in internet routers PB-CAM is the one of best hardware approaches. In the present work, PB-CAM is modified for improving performance of CAM architecture. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In PB-CAM unit the main building blocks of the process is parameter extractor, parameter comparison circuit and CAM cell. The PB-CAM is faster and low-power consumption than the traditional CAM. The PB-CAM unit implemented by 180nm, 90nm and 45nm CMOS technology in Cadence. The parameter-extractor and static-parameter-comparison circuits implemented in 180nm, 90nm and 45nm CMOS technology. Findings: The power consumption of the proposed Parameter-Comparison circuit using XNOR-NAND CMOS logic is 0.02135uW at a supply voltage of 0.45V in 45nm CMOS technology for a 4x4 (4-bits of stored parameter-extracted data and 4-bits of input parameter-extracted data) size parameter comparison data at 10-30MHz. For 15-bit input data, the PB-CAM with proposed parameter comparison circuit is consuming an average power of 129.1uW at a supply of 0.9V and a frequency of 10-30MHz. The results show that the PB-CAM unit using proposed parameter comparison circuit is faster, low-power consumption and low-cost than the PB-CAM with static parameter comparison circuit. Application/Improvements: PB-CAM circuit used in high-speed look-up-tables (LUTs), ATMs, routers and etc. In future, further advancements can be done in PB-CAM unit by combining different techniques such as match-line-sense-amplifier, ones-count, block-XOR, parity-bit to achieve low-power, low-cost and high-speed search and read operations in network routers.

Congestion Control in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Network

Congestion has posed a big problem in (ATM) network. Every network user encounters congestion issues. In terms of network, congestion is unpredictable; it can be caused by traffic or too many data that cluster together in the system. In telecommunication, congestion occurs when more users access the network; during the peak period when the control channel is congested as such call cannot be establishment between the sender and receiver. In this paper, fuzzy logic and the proposed parameter called call completion success rate was used to regulate the network instability in Asynchronous Transfer Mode. It was observed that the call completion success rate enabled users to make calls without distortion of network. Comparison was made between fuzzy logic and call completion success rate. It was observed that, congestion load environment 4 has a value for mean bit rate as 1.4, mean burst as 1.4, state of network as 0.94 and retainability 0.9222 the last two are positive. The output signal to the service rate is 0.99 also positive. This implies that, the service rate should be free for calls to flow. The simulation results, shows ways of controlling congestion in ATM Network. The methodology adopted is Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology. It was implemented using Java Programming language and Matlab. General Terms Leaky bucket Algorithm, Congestion, Connection Admission Control, network capacity, fuzzy policer, Congestion control

Modeling of Congestion and Traffic Control Techniques in ATM Networks

In this Paper, Computer – based Simulation models for effective Congestion control and Traffic management in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network have been developed providing a basis for monitoring ATM networks performance for traffic and congestion control purposes ,providing a system with a reduce short -term congestion in ATM networks, and enhancing a fair operation of networks in spite of the challenges in designing ATM traffic management system to make maximal use of network resources. An IDCC scheme was implemented, applying IDCC methodology to the ATM Network. Using analysis performance, limits were created for robust controlled network behaviour, as dictated by reference values of the desired queue length. By tightly controlling output of the controller, the overall network performance was adjusted and also controlled. A simulation tool, MATLAB/SIMULINK, was used for this purpose. An improvement was observed in the delay performance of ATM networks. The results were obtained by running several simulations and populating a table with the outcome over a number of simulation runs. The effectiveness of the congestion control techniques was tested by analysing the dynamic performance of the model through variation of some parameters. The performance of this model proved to be efficient if applied in the ATM network of today.

Real-Time Processing System for the JET Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Profile Monitor Enhancement

The Joint European Torus (JET) is currently undertaking an enhancement program, in which one of the objectives is to test relevant diagnostics for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the reference for the next generation of fusion experiments. One of the challenges in ITER is the provision of real-time data analysis and compression capabilities, to sustain the expected long duration discharges and the high acquisition rates achieved by recent data acquisition systems. Foreseeing this real-time requirement, a new system was developed and installed at JET for the gamma-ray and hard X-ray profile monitor diagnostic. The new system, which is connected to 19 CsI(Tl) photodiodes in order to obtain the line-integrated profiles of the gamma-ray and hard X-ray emissions, was designed to overcome the data acquisition limitations of the present fast electron Bremsstrahlung diagnostic (FEB), while exploiting the required real-time features. This paper presents the real-time processing architecture for the JET gamma-ray and hard X-ray profile monitor. The system hardware, based on the Advanced Telecommunication Computer Architecture (ATCA) standard, includes reconfigurable digitizer modules with embedded Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices capable of acquiring and simultaneously processing data in real-time from the 19 detectors. A suitable algorithm was developed and implemented in the FPGAs, which are able to deliver the corresponding energy of the acquired pulses, and its associated occurrence time. The real-time processed data is sent periodically, during the discharge, through the JET real-time Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network, and stored in the JET scientific databases at the end of the pulse. Publishing the processed data in the ATM network enables it to be used for machine control purposes (e.g. the information about the line-integrated emissions of the hard X-rays in real time can be used to determine the lower hybrid current drive deposition before the main heating phase). Additionally, the real-time processed data is used for local calibration, using embedded radioactive sources to build in real-time the 19 channels spectra. The acquired raw data is also stored in the digitizer modules' local memory and retrieved after the pulse to the JET database, where it can be post-processed offline to validate the real-time algorithms. The interface between the ATCA digitizers, the JET Control and Data Acquisition System (CODAS) and the JET real-time network is provided by the Multithreaded Application Real-Time executor (MARTe). From the experimental results it was concluded that it is possible to measure in real-time the line-integrals of both hard X-ray and gamma-ray emissions, covering energy range from ∼200 keV to 8 MeV. This allows us to meet two of the major milestones: the ability to process and supply high volume data rates in real-time over a wide spectrum energy range.

Integral sliding mode controller design for congestion problem in ATM networks

A new integral sliding mode control strategy for high-speed networks operating in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is derived to cope with the congestion problem in network flow control. The novelty of the proposed design solution stem from allowing high-speed networks to have simultaneously acting multiple time-varying input delays, uncertainties and time-varying perturbations. A delay-dependent condition is derived via the linear matrix inequality approach that guarantees both the asymptotic stability and a prescribed H ∞-performance level of the closed-loop system in sliding mode dynamics when perturbations of available bit-rate bandwidth occur. These new results are obtained with no restriction on the derivative of the time-varying delays hence are less conservative than the existing ones. This control scheme does achieve both of the main goals in ATM network traffic, namely convergence of the queue length to the desired steady-state status and the weighted fairness condition. The application to benchmark bottleneck example and the simulation results demonstrate the applicability, efficiency and robustness of the proposed synthesis method.

A consensus based rate control scheme for ATM networks

This paper is concerned with the design and validation of a consensus based rate control for the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. A sufficient condition for network closed loop stability in the presence of multiple bottleneck and heterogeneous sources with different time delays is given and it is used for switch-controller parameters design. The stability condition and the resulting congestion control performance in terms of robustness to network uncertainties, fairness, link utilization and packet loss are validated by discrete packet simulator. Moreover, it ensured convergence of the queue length to the desired consensus steady-state value with resulting network queue balancing.

Adaptive Congestion Controller for ABR Traffic in ATM Network

One of the imperatives for improving the quality-of-service (QoS) of high-speed networks of next generation is to reduce congestion. Congestion occurs when the resource demand exceeds the capacity of the network. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of Robust Adaptive Congestion Control algorithm for available bit rate traffic in asynchronous transfer mode networks and suggest improvements of the algorithm for better performance and fairness. The results of simulation presented here corroborates the fact that the improved algorithm reduces settling time and cell loss ratio and thus maximizes utilization of the network.

Optimal flow control using dynamic models for asynchronous transfer mode networks.

Optimal flow control using dynamic models for asynchronous transfer mode networks.

Modelling and Performance Studies of ATM Networks Over Email & FTP

The Advanced Network Technologies is a research that investigates the technology(s) behind today’s modern networks and network infrastructures – one of these technologies being Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM); a technology commonly in place in networks all around the world today. Therefore, this paper focuses its attention on ATM. Dubbed “Modelling and Performance Studies of ATM Networks,” this research looks into the “impact of application segment length on the performance of an ATM network” and the “impact of traffic type data on the performance of an ATM network.” For this research, the authors have used the OPNET Modeler 14.0 Simulation software to create a network model that represents a real-life ATM network. By simulating an ATM network at AUT University New Zealand, the authors can change certain variables, and observe the effects the changes have on performance. As such, one of the impacts that will be explored is the effect that application segment length has on an ATM network. The second impact to be inspected is the impact of different traffic types on an ATM network. For example, Email traffic should theoretically affect an ATM network differently to the way that Voice traffic does. This way of thinking is what will be looked into further.

Finding optimally balanced words for production planning and maintenance scheduling

Balanced words are useful for scheduling mixed-model, just-in-time assembly lines; planning preventive maintenance; managing inventory; and controlling asynchronous transfer mode networks. This article considers the challenging problem of finding a balanced word (a periodic sequence) for a finite set of letters, when the desired densities of the letters in the alphabet are given. Two different measures of balance are considered. This article presents a branch-and-bound approach for finding optimally balanced words and presents the results of computational experiments to show how problem characteristics affect the time required to find an optimal solution. The optimal solutions are also used to evaluate the performance of an aggregation approach that combines letters with the same density, constructs a word for the aggregated alphabet, and then disaggregates this word into a feasible word for the original alphabet. Computational experiments show that using aggregation with the heuristics not only finds more balanced words but also reduces computational effort for larger instances.

Performance Studies on Campus-Wide Focus on FTP, Video and VoIP Ethernet Network

The Advanced Network Technologies is research that investigates technology(s) behind today’s modern networks and network infrastructures. One part of this technology being Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). A technology commonly in place in networks all around the world today. This paper focuses on ATM. Dubbed “Modelling and Performance Studies of ATM Networks”; this research seeks to look at and into the “impact of application segment length on the performance of an ATM network” and the “impact of traffic type data on the performance of an ATM network”. To be able to examine an ATM network, the authors need to be able to simulate a network. Thus, for this research, they have used the OPNET Modeler 14.0 Simulation software to create a network model that represents a ATM network. By actually simulating an ATM network at AUT University New Zealand, the authors can therefore change certain variables, and observe the effects the changes have on performance. As stated, one of the impacts that will be explored is the effect that application segment length has on an ATM network. Thus, one variable that will be changed in the authors’ simulation is the segment length. This is the length of each packet segment that is sent through the network for a particular traffic type. The second impact to be inspected is the impact of different traffic types on an ATM network. This network model is based on a campus network. An Application Configuration is setup with default parameters which specify 8 common applications used. Among them the ones that the authors will focus on are VOIP, Video and FTP. A Profile Configuration is setup that will define the 3 applications stated above. A fixed node model of 100BaseT will specify the profile configuration for each scenario and the number of work stations of each scenario.

Design, implementation, and performance analysis of the WorldFIP/ATM local bridge

World factory instrumentation protocol (WorldFIP) is a fieldbus network protocol that provides a link between level zero (sensors/actuators) and level one (field controllers such as programmable logic controllers, etc.) in industrial automation systems. Accessing and connecting the WorldFIP remotely is important for monitoring, maintaining, and controlling devices in a factory in which asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is used as a backbone network. In this study, a transparent WorldFIP/ATM bridge was designed and implemented in order to access devices on WorldFIP via an ATM network. This designed bridge may also provide control of the devices over wide area networks. The bridge's performance was investigated using network simulation software under various message traffic conditions. The results obtained from the simulations showed that the bridge provides real-time communications between WorldFIP and ATM.