Asymmetric Resource Allocation Research Articles

Stakeholder orientation and cost stickiness

We examine the relationship between stakeholder orientation and cost stickiness (i.e., managerial asymmetric resource allocation decisions in response to firms’ activities change). Using the staggered adoption of the U.S. non-shareholder constituency statutes as a proxy for stakeholder orientation, we find strong empirical evidence of a positive relationship between stakeholder orientation and asymmetrical cost behavior. We further show that stakeholder-orientated managers retain slack resources when firms’ activity declines because of agency problems. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications, related sub-sample analysis and various measures of costs.

Optimal Cross-Layer-Based Asymmetric Resource Allocation for Multidestination Relay Systems

A cross-layer based asymmetric resource allocation strategy for multi-destination relay systems in cellular downlink is proposed in this paper. Existing cross-layer schemes on relay networks are based on symmetric resource allocation (RA) where the transmit duration is assumed to be symmetric between base station to relay station (RS) and RS to mobile station links. This may not be realistic and hence our proposed model considers an asymmetric RA (ARA) in which the transmit durations are asymmetric. Very little work has been done in asymmetric resource allocation and many have failed to consider the queue stability and quality of service (QoS) requirements. Packet length ratio is also ignored in many of these works. In this paper, maximum delay threshold, minimum data rate requirement and zero overflow are considered as QoS requirements. This paper evolves an optimal cross-layer based ARA taking into account the above-mentioned factors. Simulation results are also verified in a cellular testbed which shows that the proposed ARA serves the edge users satisfactorily. Cellular parameters, such as blocking ratio, operating expenditure, electromagnetic pollution index, and QoS assurance, are evaluated and compared.

Cross-Layer Based Asymmetric Resource Allocation in Relay-Aided Cognitive Radio Networks

Cross-layer based asymmetric resource allocation in relay-aided cognitive radio networks (CRN) is proposed in this paper. Existing cross-layer schemes on relay-aided CRN are based on symmetric resource allocation (RA) where the transmission duration is assumed to be symmetric between secondary base station (BS) to relay station (RS) and RS to mobile station (MS) links. This may not be realistic and hence our proposed model considers asymmetric resource allocation (ARA) in which the transmission durations are asymmetric. Very little work has been done in ARA for relay-aided networks and most of them considered only power allocation. The queue stability and quality of service (QOS) requirements are other considerations that have a significant impact on RA and hence are considered in this work. The QOS requirements can be brought in terms of the maximum delay threshold and the minimum throughput requirements. The interference threshold is evaluated from the QOS of the primary radio network. Based on the queue state information, channel state information and QOS, resources are allocated to the secondary radio network. Our proposed ARA differs from existing ARA schemes in terms of additionally considering the subcarrier pairing for resource allocation. This work evolves an optimal cross-layer based ARA considering the above mentioned factors into account. The proposed ARA includes subcarrier allocation, subcarrier pairing and power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed ARA scheme increases the system throughput and serves the edge users satisfactorily.

Asymmetric radio resource allocation scheme for OFDMA wireless networks with collaborative relays

This work addresses the radio resource allocation problem for cooperative relay assisted OFDMA wireless network. The relays adopt the decode-and-forward protocol and can cooperatively assist the transmission from source to destination. Recent works on the subject have mainly considered symmetric source-to-relay and relay-to-destination resource allocations, which limits the achievable gains through relaying. In this paper we consider the problem of asymmetric radio resource allocation, where the objective is to maximize the system throughput of the source-to-destination link under various constraints. In particular, we consider optimization of the set of cooperative relays and link asymmetries together with subcarrier and power allocation. We derive theoretical expressions for the solutions and illustrate them through simulations. The results show clear additional performance gains through asymmetric cooperative scheme compared to the other recently proposed resource allocation schemes.

Optimal Asymmetric Resource Allocation and Analysis for OFDM-Based Multidestination Relay Systems in the Downlink

We propose an asymmetric resource allocation (ARA) scheme for the downlink wireless multidestination relay systems with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulation. Unlike the previous work, the transmission durations at the source (base station) and the relay are designed to be asymmetric, which enhances the degree of freedom for transmission. Therefore, the proposed ARA scheme achieves a higher system capacity than existing symmetric resource allocation schemes, and it is also proven to be optimal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed asymmetric time allocation has a significant effect on the system performance with a larger number of users, a longer source-to-destination distance, and when there is a significant difference between the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination distances. Furthermore, the ARA scheme has a fast convergence speed.

A dynamic programming implemented resource competition game theoretic model

Resource competition is commonly occurred in animal populations and studied intensively by researchers. Previous studies have applied game theoretic model by finding Nash equilibrium to investigate this phenomenon. However computation of the Nash equilibrium requires an understanding of the payoff matrix that allocates the rewards received by players when they adopt each of the strategies in the game. In our study we present a dynamic programming implemented framework to compute 2 × 2 intraspecific finite resource allocation game's payoff matrix explicitly. We assume that two distinct types of individuals, aggressive and non-aggressive, are in the population. Then we divide the entire animal development period into three different stages: initialization, quasilinear growth and termination. Each stage for each type of players is specified with their own development coefficient, which determines how resource consumption could convert into strength as reward. Each player has equal and finite resource at the beginning of their development and fights against other players in the population to maximize its own potential reward. Based on these assumptions it is reasonable to use backward induction dynamic programming to compute payoff matrix. We present numerical examples for three different types of aggressive individuals and compute the payoff matrices correspondingly. Then we use the derived payoff matrices to determine the Nash equilibrium and Evolutionary Stable Strategy. Our research provide a framework for future quantitative studies on animal resource competition problems and could be expanded to n-players interspecific stochastic asymmetric resource allocation problem by changing some settings of dynamic programming formulation.

Optimal asymmetric resource allocation with limited feedback for OFDM based relay systems

We propose an optimal asymmetric resource allocation scheme with limited feedback for wireless relay systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. Unlike the previo...

Optimal asymmetric resource allocation with limited feedback for OFDM based relay systems

We propose an optimal asymmetric resource allocation scheme with limited feedback for wireless relay systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. Unlike the previous work, we assume that the bits transmitted over the same subchannel from the source to the relay may be distributed over different subchannels when being forwarded from the relay to the destination. This not only increases the degree of freedom for transmission, but also reduces the transmission overhead significantly because the amount of feedback information required is independent of the number of subchannels. Furthermore, the transmission durations at the source and the relay are designed to be asymmetric, which also enhances the degree of freedom for transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed optimal asymmetric resource allocation scheme achieves a higher system capacity, and has less sensitivity to channel estimation errors than the previous work. It also demonstrates a fast convergence speed.

Diversity and stability in communities structured by asymmetric resource allocation.

MacArthur (1955) first proposed a hypothesis regarding the relationship between diversity and stability by claiming that diverse communities enhance ecosystem stability. This hypothesis was based on Odum’s (1953) qualitative notion that stability increases as the number of links in a food web increase. MacArthur reasoned that more choices lead to less dependence on a particular path and thus more stability. A variety of views on the diversity-stability hypothesis ranging from agreement to opposition have been argued from numerous theoretical (May 1972, 1973; Doak et al. 1998; Tilman 1999; Yachi and Loreau 1999; Lehman and Tilman 2000) and empirical (McNaughton 1993; Tilman 1994, 1996; Ives et al. 1999; McGrady-Steed and Morin 2000; Wootton 2001) perspectives. Although several studies support the claim that biodiversity regulates stability, no clear consensus on the validity of the hypothesis has yet been reached (Cottingham et al. 2001). Part of the controversy over the diversity-stability hypothesis stems from the multitude of meanings assigned to stability (Pimm 1984). Mikkelson (1999, p. 483) argued

Taking risk in joint ventures: whose throw of the dice?

Abstract The development of key partnerships between innovative small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and larger organizations is a primary strategic consideration. The level of risk involved can often mean that smaller firms are placed in highly vulnerable positions when attempting to develop a product, process or service. Risk may be related to a wide range of influences including asymmetric resource allocation, the perception and framing of problems and the building of trust and commitment. The smaller organization may also have concerns that a larger partner would absorb their intellectual property. Key considerations in determining perceived risk appear to be related to the shadow of the future, i.e. the balance of probabilities concerning investment and relative return combined with future expectations regarding any situation and its potential outcomes. The experience and individual agendas of managers and their influence on risk perception within such alliances are examined. Future research using longitudinal studies to examine risk perception and evaluation in relation to strategic decision making is required.

Concurrent‐task interference indicates asymmetric resource allocation in children's reading

In two experiments, normal right‐handed children from Grades 2, 4, and 6 read textual material silently while engaging in speeded unimanual finger tapping. Resources allocated to reading were estimated by measuring decrements in left‐ and right‐hand tapping rates relative to corresponding rates in single‐task control conditions. As a means of varying the demand for phonological processing, the difficulty of the textual material was manipulated in Experiment 1 and the typography of the material was altered in Experiment 2. In both experiments, reading disrupted right‐hand tapping more than left‐hand tapping but the degree of asymmetry was invariant irrespective of textual characteristics or the age of the child. The findings suggest that, although the overall amount of processing resources allocated to reading may vary with textual characteristics and other factors, the resources demanded remain primarily those of the left cerebral hemisphere.