Asymmetric Encryption Method Research Articles

A Color Image Encryption Method Based on Dynamic Selection Chaotic System and Singular Value Decomposition

As the basis for guiding business process decisions, flowcharts contain sensitive information pertaining to process-related concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to encrypt them to protect the privacy or security of stakeholders. Using the principles of image singular value decomposition, chaotic system randomness, and neural network camouflage, a business flow chart encryption method based on dynamic selection chaotic system and singular value decomposition is proposed. Specifically, a dynamic selected chaotic system is constructed based on the nonlinear combination of one-dimensional chaotic system Logistics and Sine, and its randomness is verified. Next, using the neural network, the process image is merged into a gray matrix. The double-bit unitary matrix scrambling based on singular value decomposition is then proposed. Subsequently, using the dynamic selected chaotic system, a new sub-division diffusion method is proposed, which combines, diffuses, and performs weighted superposition to generate a matrix after diffusion and compression. Finally, the asymmetric encryption method encrypts the color image and reduces its dimensionality into a single grayscale ciphertext, and the decryption process is not the reverse of the encryption process. Simulation results and performance analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme has good encryption performance.

A hybrid encryption system for communication and financial transactions using RSA and a novel symmetric key algorithm

Today's digital data transmission over unsecured wired and wireless communication channels is making encryption algorithms an increasingly important tool for securing data and information. Hybrid encryption techniques combine encryption schemes of either two symmetric keys or both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, and that provides more security than public or private key single encryption models. Currently, there are many techniques on the market that use a combination of cryptographic algorithms and claim to provide higher data security. Many hybrid algorithms have failed to satisfy customers in securing data and cannot prevent all types of security threats. To improve the security of digital data, it is essential to develop novel and resilient security systems as it is inevitable in the digital era. The recommended algorithm scheme is a combination of the well-known Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm and a simple symmetric key (SSK) algorithm. The aim of this study is to develop a better encryption method using RSA and a newly proposed symmetric SSK algorithm. We believe that the proposed hybrid cryptographic algorithm provides more security and privacy.

An Innovative Blockchain-Based Secured Logistics Management Architecture: Utilizing an RSA Asymmetric Encryption Method

Purpose: The recent development in logistics due to the dawn of Logistics 4.0 has made global logistics providers more dependent on intelligent technologies. In this era, these technologies assist in data collection and transmission of logistical data and pose many security and privacy threats in logistics management systems. The customer’s private information, which is shared among the logistics stakeholders for optimal operation, faces unauthorized access due to a lack of privacy. This, amongst others, is a critical problem that needs to be addressed with blockchain. Blockchain is a disruptive technology that is transforming different sectors, and it has the potential to provide a solution to the issues mentioned above, with its unique features such as immutability, transparency, and anonymity. Method: This study designed a blockchain-based logistics management architecture on a decentralized peer-2-peer network using Ethereum smart contracts. The proposed system deployed the Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) asymmetric encryption method to protect the logistics system from cyber-attacks and secure customers’ private information from unauthorized access. Findings: Furthermore, the security and privacy of the proposed system are evaluated based on the theorem. The proof shows that the system can provide security to the logistics system and privacy to customers’ private data. The performance evaluation is based on throughput and latency. It shows that the proposed system is better than the baseline system, and the comparatives analysis shows that the proposed system is more secure and efficient than the existing systems. Implication and Limitation: The proposed system offers a better solution to the security/privacy of the logistics management system and provides recommendations to key stakeholders involved in the logistics industry while adopting blockchain technology. Apart from the study’s methodological limitation, it is also limited by a lack of reference materials.

An asymmetric encryption method for 3D mesh model using elgamal with elliptic curve cryptography

The 3D mesh <span lang="EN-US">(Polygon mesh) model has been widely used in multiple computer technology fields such as computer graphic design and modern 3D animation. 3D mesh repositories were created to support the contribution of many 3D artist-designers and have become an important data source. This research is aimed at introducing asymmetric encryption for a 3D mesh model to improve encryption using elgamal elliptic curve cryptography with Fischer-Yates shuffling. The researchers evaluated the performance of the proposed model using Entropy, mean squared error (MSE), and peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) as evaluation matrices. The results of a decrypted model using our approach with a double-precision floating point showed zero means squared error and infinite value of PSNR</span>.

Research on Privacy Protection Based on Joint Learning in Power Industry Big Data Analysis

In the era of big data, protecting the privacy of smart grid data is critical in ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of that data. Utilizing large amounts of energy data to gain insight into electricity consumers’ consumption patterns helps develop power supply strategies. This article presents a Big Data-assisted Joint learning process (BDA-JLP), taking data security issues posed by big data in the electric power industry into consideration for privacy protection using K-anonymity and L-diversity as a foundation. A blockchain with JLP electric utility investigation is being conducted, part of the existing trading model split into phases. To begin, an attribute is chosen to categorize the input database. The comparable class number K and sensitive attribute value category L are limited by the number of original predecessors in the source data table, simplifying the calculation. A mathematical equation is then developed to determine the distance between first cousins multiplied by their combined weight. Linear and clustering with binary K are used to categorize data tables. Cluster and generalize initial data sets, considering how the attribute values’ internal range changes. The asymmetric encryption method uses two distinct keys for encryption and decryption ensuring that the blockchain system is completely secure. Simulated data show that the BDA-JLP mechanism proposed here has a privacy ratio of 98.3 percent, scalability of 97.0%, improved data management and data protection ratio of 98.2 percent, customer satisfaction ratio of 98.4 percent, and a low energy consumption ratio of 23.9% when compared to other methods currently available.

HASHING & DOUBLE ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE FOR INFORMATION STORAGE IN CLOUD

—Information storage in the cloud is very popular in recent days. The Cloud platform provides various services to its users and one of the important zones of service is the security of the information stored. This project proposes an enhanced approach of a complex Hybrid encryption system involving a Symmetric and an Asymmetric key encryption technique to secure the information on the cloud platform from potential attacks like encryption failure, man-in-middle attack and Insider attack etc along with a hashing technique for the key. The proposed hybrid encryption system involves a newly designed Symmetric key technique "Dehex Algorithm" which encrypts the information with a random key generated from the input size. The Dehex algorithm is followed by the ECC algorithm which is an Asymmetric encryption method. The output formed will be double encrypted information, which then reaches the cloud storage. The keys used for encryption need to be securely stored and so the keys are subjected to the SHA hashing algorithm. Hence this new approach can be one of the ways which can be used for securing information stored in the cloud.

Portable Cloud-Based Data Storage Security Using Dual Encryption

Secure data transfer is a must for all cloud-based structures. Cloud infrastructure is used by many networks, including those for e-commerce, online banking, and even software programs, to move enormous amounts of important data every day. This paper primarily addresses risk factors, which are security concerns encountered when managing cloud data. This research focuses on a hybrid encryption solution for cloud privacy and security. Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are the two best asymmetric encryption methods and symmetric encryption technology, respectively. The AES-ECC hybrid cryptosystem combines the advantages of the AES algorithm for faster data encryption with the ECC method for symmetrical session key exchange. The proposed solution minimizes the delay factor and is computationally efficient, robust, and secure

Real-Time Information Exchange Strategy for Large Data Volumes Based on IoT.

In this paper, we study and analyse the real-time information exchange strategy of big data in the Internet of Things (IoT) and propose a primitive sensory data storage method (TSBPS) based on spatial-temporal chunking preprocessing, which substantially improves the speed of near real-time storage and writing of microsensory data through spatial-temporal prechunking, data compression, cache batch writing, and other techniques. The model is based on the idea of partitioning, which divides the storage and query of perceptual data into the microperceptual data layer and the perceptual data layer. The microaware data layer mainly studies the storage optimization and query optimization of raw sensory data and cleaned valid data; the aware data is the aggregation and statistics of microaware data, and the aware data layer mainly studies the storage optimization and query optimization of aware data. By arranging multiple wireless sensors at key monitoring points to collect corresponding data, building the core data service backend of the system, defining multifunctional servers, and constructing an optimal database model, we effectively solve the parameter collection and classification aggregation processing of different devices. To address the requirement of reliable and secure transmission in the process, we design a highly concurrent and high-performance TCP-based socket two-layer transmission framework and introduce the asymmetric encryption method (RSA) and data integrity verification method to design a transmission protocol that is both reliable and secure. The integration of big data and IoT is bound to bring the intelligence of human society to a new level with unlimited development prospects.

A new NFC mobile payment protocol using improved GSM based authentication

Mobile payments have received a lot of attention because they are available at any time and place. One of the various payment methods is Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment. As a result of potential problems that may arise using mobile payments such as fraud and information theft, the security of mobile payment protocols is pivotal. One of the critical stages in mobile payment security is the mutual authentication between the user and the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). Global System for Mobile (GSM) proposed a protocol to mutual authentication using symmetric key cryptographic method. In this paper, we have introduced a new protocol for NFC mobile payment, which improves the GSM authentication protocol due to the existence of symmetric cryptographic security threats, and uses an asymmetric encryption method to mutual authentication. Also, this protocol reduces the number of required key-pairs for authentication. Furthermore, our proposed protocol, increases resistance to attacks such as replay attack, DOS, eavesdropping attacks, repudiation, man in the middle attack and de-synchronization. Because mobile devices have limited resources and processing power, our proposed protocol reduces the signalling overhead and processing load of the client-side as much as possible.

Asymmetric Encryption Method Proposed for Arabic Letters Using Artificial Neural Networks

Asymmetric encryption algorithms suffer the problem of high execution time. This paper presents a proposed methodology to perform encryption and decryption of messages written in Arabic, using artificial intelligence represented by artificial neural networks based on the RSA algorithm. The method is based on dividing the message into partial messages. The arrays of weights and biases in the neural network layers are considered the encryption or decryption key, according to their function. All steps of the proposed method and how it works were shown and used in the MATLAB environment to design a system for encrypting and decrypting messages written in Arabic. The results proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and its superiority over the RSA algorithm in terms of execution time for both encryption and decryption. The encryption time in the proposed algorithm is close to the time of decryption, unlike what it was in the RSA algorithm, where the encryption time was relatively much greater than the decryption time. The proposed method was tested on four text files of 50KB, 100KB, 150KB, and 200KB, over two hundred iterations. The average improvement in execution time was 1,330ms and 4,497.5ms for encoding and decoding, respectively. KEYWORDS Data protection, decryption, execution time, security, RSA algorithm, performance

On public key cryptosystem based on the word problem in a group

The asymmetric encryption methods are based on difficult problems in mathematics. Let G be a group, A group word in G on a set Γ of generators is a string where . The word problem in a group G with respect to a subset Γ is the question of telling whether two words in Γ are equal. It is known that in general the word problem is undecidable, meaning that there is no algorithm to solve it. In this paper, we introduce a cryptosystem based on the word problem in a group G.

Optimization of RSA encryption and decryption process with distributed computing method

Mathematics equation of the RSA is the complicated one between the other asymmetric encryption methods. It makes the RSA method needs more resources than the others. Most existing studies are trying to make another encryption method that need less computational resources, but it is less secure than using the RSA algorithm. In this paper, we proposed the Distributed Computing method to accommodate the limited computing resources in a single worker. We will distribute the computational process of RSA encryption and decryption to numerous workers. The test results showed that the implementation of Distributed Computing method made the encryption and decryption process finished faster. In conclusion, it increased completion time, made the encrypted data serve faster, and maximized the computational resources.

Hybrid Encryption Algorithm to Detect Clone Node Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the collection of sensor nodes which are distributed in a specific environment. WSN is resource-controlled network which is vulnerable to physical attacks i.e. clone node attack. An attacker acquires information from captured node and then creates the cloned node in the WSN. The main purpose of the cloned nodes is to control the entire network and increase the invasion in the sensor network. When communicating from legitimate node to other node, the message is not secure, so an attacker can modify it. Current asymmetric encryption methods and symmetric encryption methods can provide a level of security, but there are some limitations in it. The hybrid encryption method combining the asymmetric and symmetric methods which will offers high security with minimal key management. We have proposed a new hybrid secure encryption method in this paper which combines the asymmetric and symmetric cryptography method. The proposed efficient algorithm to protect communication from clone node attacks in wireless sensor network. The hybrid algorithm uses advanced cryptographic standards AES, BSDN and Dual RSA encryption techniques and MD5 hash functions. In this algorithm, message is divided into three parts and BSDN, AES and Dual RSA encryption are parallel implemented to the sub-message. The proposed algorithm is analyzed based on parameters such as encryption, decryption and execution time. The result shows that proposed encryption algorithm works better in terms of encryption and decryption time.

Adaptive RSA Encryption Algorithm for Smart Grid

Information security has been paid more and more attention as it is a high-weight factor that affects many aspects in our life. Many technologies have been introduced to improve information security. Encryption algorithm is one of the most frequently used method. There are many encryption algorithms. RSA algorithm, which uses asymmetric encryption method, is a secure encryption algorithms. RSA’s encryption effect is pretty good due to difficulty in cracking its private key. Smart grid is the upgrade of power grid, which is based on integrated, high-speed two-way communication network. In smart grid, there are lots of data to be transferred along the network. In order to ensure that the data are not stolen or tampered with, it is necessary to encrypt the data during transferring. However, it is ineffective to use conventional RSA algorithm directly in smart grid. To solve the problem, we propose an adaptive RSA algorithm to generate primes, which modifies the application scope of RSA algorithm, so that the algorithm can be successfully applied in smart grid. According to the time limit of the encryption algorithm, the prime number is generated adaptively, so that the encryption time of the algorithm is reasonably controlled. The data is encrypted by generating the public key and the private key used for encryption through the generated prime number. The experiments verified the effectiveness of the algorithm.

An asymmetric and optimized encryption method to protect the confidentiality of 3D mesh model

3D models are widely used in computer graphics, design and manufacture engineering, art animation and entertainment. With the universal of acquisition equipment and sensors, a huge number of 3D models are generated, which are becoming the major source of engineering data. How to preserve the privacy of the 3D models is a challenge issue. In this paper, an asymmetric and optimized encryption method is presented to protect the 3D mesh models. Firstly, we propose an asymmetric encryption method for 3D mesh models to overcome the drawbacks of traditional symmetric encryption. The primary benefit is that our approach can enhance the security of the key. Secondly, we extend the typically asymmetric encryption algorithm from integer domain to float domain. In our method, we present a normalization function to map the float DC (Discrete Cosine) coefficients to integer domain. Thirdly, considering that the shape error and encryption/decryption computation cost are contradictory in the normalization mapping, we formulate the contradiction as a multi-objective optimization problem. And then, we propose a multi-objective solution to find an optimized mapping range for encryption/decryption efficiently. Furthermore, benefiting from the proposed asymmetric encryption framework, we continue to put forward a method to check the integrity of the encrypted 3D mesh model, in which the digest is encrypted twice to generate digital signature more safely. The proposed method has been tested on 3D mesh models from Stanford university and other sources to demonstrate the effect of the proposed encryption method and optimization mechanism.

Asymmetric color cryptosystem based on compressed sensing and equal modulus decomposition in discrete fractional random transform domain

In this paper, we propose an asymmetric encryption and compression method for a color image based on compressed sensing and equal modulus decomposition in the discrete fractional random transform (DFrRT) domain. In this scheme, a color image is firstly encrypted into a single channel image, which is divided into low-frequency image and high-frequency image by the discrete wavelet transform. Subsequently, the high-frequency image is compressed into two matrices by compressed sensing. One of the matrices is combined with the low-frequency image into one input of DFrRT. The other acts as another input of DFrRT. Finally, the output result of DFrRT is encrypted by the equal modulus decomposition in DFrRT domain to create an effective trapdoor one-way function. Compared to the other transformations, the private key of DFrRT is the high-frequency component related to the plaintext in this paper. Thus, the proposed cryptosystem is able to resist various types of attacks and maintain the asymmetric characteristics of the cryptosystem. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method.

Q-plate based dual image asymmetric polarization encryption

With the rapid development of computer network technology, information security has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Owing to the characteristics of multi-dimensional operation and parallel processing capability, optical image encryption techniques are arousing great interest in many exciting fields. Since the pioneering work on optical image encryption using double random phase encoding technique, a large number of algorithms and architectures have been proposed and realized. However, with the further analysis of the securities of these schemes, most of them have been verified to be vulnerable to different types of attack algorithms. Recently, optical encryption schemes based on the polarization properties of light wave have been extensively studied, for an additional flexibility in the encryption key design is provided, which can achieve high robustness against brute force attack by a combination of multiple private keys. Nevertheless, optical encryption schemes based on the polarization properties of light wave could still be vulnerable to known- and chosen- plaintext attacks. Therefore, in this paper, a novel asymmetric polarization encryption method is implemented for dual images, and combined with interference-based optical image encryption method and a Q-plate. First, the information about the two images to be encrypted is separated into two pure phase plates by means of interference optical image encryption, which will be further encoded into two mutually orthogonally polarized light beams. Next, the Q-plate and pixelated polarizer are used for realizing different polarization distributions of the two light beam. Ultimately, the output intensity distribution is recorded by a charge coupled device (CCD) which will be treated as the final ciphertext. For actualizing the asymmetric encryption, one of the pure phase plates acts as a decryption key, which is different from the encryption key. We can control the polarization state of each pixel according to the parameter <i>q</i>, causing the Q-plate to be electrically controllable and the optic-axis orientation of each pixel to differ from one another. It should be emphasized that the value of <i>q</i> and the polarization angle of the pixelated polarizer play the role of two encryption keys, which improves the security of the algorithm extremely, due to their high sensitiveness. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed encryption scheme.

Averting Techniques of Black-Hole Attack –A Survey

Objectives: To identify the black-hole attack. The Ad hoc is a self-configuring network it can be configured at anytime and anywhere without pre-defined infrastructure due to unique characteristics. Methods: Black hole is a traffic relaying attack in network layer. The intermediate node involves in forwarding a message to the destination in Multi-hop ad hoc network. These nodes will launch black hole attack to conserve its resource or to perform attacks that reduce the network performance. This attack is carried by the interposed node instead of forwarding the packets this node will carry the action of dropping packets. Findings: We can avoid this attack by using cryptography methods like symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption and non-cryptography methods like IDS (Intrusion Detection System). This attack can also be avoided by clustering method where we can also reduce the cost. Applications: Many researchers have been carried out for the detection of black hole attack. In this paper we are going to discuss different techniques given for averting the black-hole attack.

Asymmetric image encryption method based on gyrator transform and vector operation

With the rapid development of computer network technology, information security has attracted increasing attention. Due to the characteristics of multi-dimensional operation and parallel processing capability, optical image encryption techniques have been receiving more and more attention. Since the well-known double random phase encoding technique was proposed, many other methods based on optical information processing means such as the use of optical transform, interference, and polarized light encoding, have been proposed for optical image encryption. However, recent researches have demonstrated that traditional optical encryption techniques are symmetric cryptosystems, in which decryption keys are identical to encryption keys and they have been found to be vulnerable to different types of attacks, such as known plaintext and chosen plaintext attacks. To overcome this shortcoming, asymmetric cryptosystems based on nonlinear phase-truncation techniques and phase retrieval algorithm have been proposed. Asymmetric cryptosystem is a cryptographic system in which encryption keys are different from decryption keys. The encryption keys are used as public keys which are disseminated widely, and the decryption keys are used as private keys which are known only to the authorized users. So, asymmetric cryptosystem can offer a higher-level security than symmetric cryptosystem. However, asymmetric cryptosystems based on phase retrieval algorithms require a lot of computational time, and asymmetric cryptosystems based on phase-truncated Fourier transforms have been found to be vulnerable to special attack. Therefore, in this paper, a novel asymmetric image encryption method is proposed by using the gyrator transform and vector operation. The original image is encrypted into two phase masks with vector operation. One is a random phase mask and the other is a phase mask related to the original image. In the encryption process, the random phase mask is used as a phase key and the other phase mask is transformed by gyrator transform. The transform result is performed by Fourier transform after being modulated by a phase distribution. The ciphertext is the amplitude of the above result. Compared with previous encryption schemes, the suggested method has two advantages. Firstly, we have proposed a new asymmetric encryption method based on the gyrator transform and vector operation. The decryption process is different from the encryption process. The gyrator transform and Fourier transform are used in the encryption process, while only the inverse operation of Fourier transform is employed in the decryption process. In addition, the decryption keys produced in the encryption process are different from the encryption keys. Therefore, the proposed scheme has high resistance against the conventional attacks. Secondly, the encrypted result is real-valued, which is convenient for display, transmission and storage.Numerical simulations illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed encryption scheme.

Asymmetric encryption method in 4f system based on interference

An asymmetric encryption method in 4f system based on interference is proposed in this paper. The original image is transformed into two white stationary noise images, and the decryption keys are designed to be different from the encryption keys to realize asymmetric encryption. The decryption process is implemented in a 4f system of image addition with grating. This method has very high security as the asymmetric cryptosystem encryption system but also can be easy implemented in optical system. Besides, holographic plate or photorefractive crystal is not necessary in the encryption process. The simulation results prove the feasibility and security of this method.