Astigmatism In Children Research Articles

Kontaktlinsenversorgung bei ausgeprägter Sicca bei vermuteter Alakrimie bei einem sechsjährigen Kind

Purpose. The aim of this case report is to describe a case of suspected alacrimia in a six-year-old child that resulted in irregular astigmatism with risk of amblyopia. A specialty contact lens fitting for visual rehabilitation was performed. Material and Methods. Different wearing modes (extended wear and daily wear) as well as contact lens types (soft silicone hydrogel contact lenses of different wearing rhythms, as well as rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses were fitted. Results. In this case, different contact lens types (soft and rigid contact lenses) could not achieve a satisfactory treatment result. However, a piggyback contact lens system with daily wear was a good treatment solution. Conclusion. Irregular astigmatism in children is always a high risk of amblyopia. For this reason, timely optical treatment for visual rehabilitation is a high priority. Sometimes it is necessary to combine different contact lenses and wearing modalities to achieve the best solution for a complex treatment situation. Keywords: ALACRIMIA, HYPOLACRIMIA, SICCA, IRREGULAR ASTIGMATISM, VISUAL REHABILITATION, AMBLYOPIA RISK

Characteristics of astigmatism in school-age children aged 5 to 13 years in northeast Sichuan: a cross-sectional school-based study.

Astigmatism is closely associated with myopia progression, vision loss, eye fatigue and amblyopia, which seriously endangers children's eye health. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristic distribution of astigmatism in children in Langzhong City, providing valuable insights for allocating resources and develop prevention and control strategies. A cross-sectional study and random sampling survey were conducted. Between January and November 2021, 21,415 students aged 5 to 13 years from 14 primary schools in Langzhong City underwent non-cycloplegic refractive testing using autorefraction. The data on myopia were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 23.0. The inclusion criterion was set at an absolute astigmatism value of ≥0.50D. Among the 21,415 children studied, 61.70% were found to have astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism varied significantly across different grades (χ2=501.414, P<0.001). The predominant types of astigmatism were mild astigmatism (0.50-1.00D) and with-the-rule astigmatism. Mixed astigmatism was primarily observed in children in grades 1 and 2, while compound myopic astigmatism was more common in children in grades 3 to 6. These differences were statistically significant. As the degree of astigmatism increased, the proportions of against-the-rule astigmatism, oblique astigmatism, compound myopic astigmatism, and simple hyperopic astigmatism decreased, whereas the proportions of with-the-rule astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, and compound hyperopic astigmatism increased. The prevalence of astigmatism among school-age children aged 5 to 13 years in northeast Sichuan is notably high, with compound myopic astigmatism and with-the-rule astigmatism being the most common types. Regular refractive examinations are crucial for the early detection and management of astigmatism.

Prevalence of Astigmatism in Children Visiting Headache Clinic at a Hospital in Rural Karnataka

Background Vision plays an important role in childrenrsquos learning. Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of avoidable visual impairment in children and can be corrected effectively with early diagnosis and treatment. Screening for vision in school children is essential as most of the refractive errors manifest after 10-12 years of age.Objectives To estimate the prevalence of astigmatism among children visiting the Headache clinic at a tertiary hospital Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Devanahalli Bangalore.Methods The visual acuity of 300 children who visited the Headache clinic was measured using a LogMAR Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution chart. The children with reduced visual acuity were checked for astigmatism using a streak retinoscope.Results The age of all the randomly enrolled 300 children ranged between 5 and 16 years. Astigmatism was recorded in 30 students 18 females 10.34 and 12 males 9.52. Conclusion The astigmatism prevalence among children who visited a tertiary Headache clinic in rural Karnataka was estimated as 10 in the present study.

GAMBARAN BESAR KELAINAN REFRAKSI ASTIGMATISME PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI PASIR JAYA TAHUN 2022

This study focuses on how the eye conditions of children suffering from astigmatime are in the Pasirjaya housing complex. The purpose of this research is to provide education about the importance of maintaining eye health. To provide an understanding of astigmatism. To provide knowledge on how to treat astigmatism so that it can be overcome. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method (by developing why atigmatism in children can occur and the factors that can cause astigmatism in children). This study resulted in the findings that patients know about Astigmatism in children as much as 61.7%. It was found that they had astigmatism, while the others had other refractive errors. This was due to the prolonged use of gadgets in carrying out online activities or also known as online. while those who understand the dangers of astigmatism are left at 60.7% so they do protection with astigmatism correction lenses. So that parents especially have to be introspective in seeing the development of children during this pandemic season by monitoring the use of laptops or gadgets in their daily processes by instilling the 20/20/20 theory

Strategically oriented correction of mixed astigmatism in children

Strategically oriented correction of mixed astigmatism in children

Correlation between ocular residual astigmatism and anterior corneal astigmatism in children with low and moderate myopia

BackgroundTo assess the correlation between ocular residual astigmatism and anterior corneal astigmatism in children with low and moderate myopia.MethodsRefractive astigmatism was determined by subjective manifest refraction. Anterior corneal astigmatism was determined by IOL Master. Thibos vector analysis was used to calculate ocular residual astigmatism. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the amounts of ocular residual astigmatism and anterior corneal astigmatism. The relationship between the vectors of ocular residual astigmatism and anterior corneal astigmatism was evaluated by a physical method.ResultsThe study analysed 241 right eyes of 241 children aged 8 to 18 years old. In this study, the median magnitude of ocular residual astigmatism was 1.02 D, with an interquartile range was of 0.58 D. Against-the-rule ocular residual astigmatism was seen in 232 eyes (96.3%). There was a significant and moderate correlation between ocular residual astigmatism and anterior corneal astigmatism (r = 0.50, P < 0.001). Ocular residual astigmatism compensated for anterior corneal astigmatism in 240 eyes (99.6%). The mean compensation value was 1.00 ± 0.41 D (range 0.02 D to 2.34 D). Based on this effect, 37 eyes had a different axial classification of anterior corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism. In contrast, one eye (0.4%) had oblique ocular residual astigmatism and the ocular residual astigmatism superimposed with-the-rule anterior corneal astigmatism.ConclusionsThe magnitude of ocular residual astigmatism was relatively large in myopic children and predominantly compensated for anterior corneal astigmatism. Ocular residual astigmatism should be assessed in patients before fitting them with orthokeratology lenses.

OPTICAL-REFLECTION METHOD OF ACCOMMODATIVE FACILITY TRAINING ON MERIDIONAL ACUITY IN TREATMENT OF ASTIGMATS WITH AMBLYOPIA

ackground: The efficacy of accommodative facility training as a method of treatment for meridional amblyopia (MA) in astigmatic children with amblyopia was studied. MA manifests itself as selective alterations in visual acuity (VA), with substantial differences in the ability to resolve contours of different orientations, and may cause impairments in mechanisms of integrated processing of visual stimulus, development of cognitive abilities in children and visual performance. Purpose: To assess the effect of optical-reflection method of accommodative facility training on vernier acuity in meridians (MVA) in the treatment of astigmatic children with amblyopia. Material and Methods: Twenty seven children aged 5 to 12 years, with both refractive amblyopia and with-the-rule hyperopic astigmatism were included in the study, and underwent an examination. The spherical component of refraction ranged from +0.5D to +5.5D, and the cylindical component, from 0.5D to 4.5D. Best-corrected visual acuity (Sivtsev Chart) was assessed. Accommodative facility training was performed monocularly by image defocusing with lenses of a variable power. A +0.5-D sphere was placed just in front of the best correction for the study eye in order to blur this line. The +0.5-D sphere was replaced by a -0.5-D sphere after the optotypes became clearly visible. Thereafter, the training cycle was repeated using a ±0.75-D sphere and, subsequently, a ±1.0-D sphere. Lens power was gradually increased until it could be compensated by accommodation. The treatment course consisted of one training session a day for 10 days. Special computer software was used to determine corrected MVA. Linear objects were presented on the computer screen, and the smallest lateral displacement of one line from another that can be detected by the examinee will characterize the level of MVA. Results: A new algorithm was proposed for assessing the efficacy of treatment of MA in astigmats, with refractive asymmetries and meridional asymmetries in vernier acuity considered as vector quantities. It was demonstrated that a group of amblyops with the same type of astigmatism was not homogeneous. It was found possible to split such a group of patients into three clusters that differ in the type of variation in meridional acuity in the orthogonal meridians compared to refractive asymmetries. One cluster had equal vernier acuities in the vertical and horizontal meridians, the second had vernier acuity in the horizontal meridian better than in the vertical meridian, and the third had vernier acuity in the horizontal meridian worse than in the vertical meridian. MVA was greater in magnitude in one of the orthogonal meridians than in another in the dominant eyes in 37% of study patients, and in the fellow eyes in 50% of study patients. MVA values in the orthogonal meridians were similar in 56.6% of study patients. There was a 15.1-percent increase, from 56.6% to 71.1% in the number of eyes with a similar vernier acuity in the orthogonal meridians after treatment. A positive effect was achieved through elimination of meridional asymmetry in vernier acuity in a portion of patients from clusters that differ in the direction of meridional asymmetry in vernier acuity. In addition, the number of eyes in the category of patients with a visual acuity of 0.75-0.8 (as assessed with complex optotypes) increased by 11.35%. Conclusion: The efficacy of treatment for MA should be assessed in homogeneous clusters with similar direction of meridional asymmetry in visual acuity. Preliminary data on the efficacy of treatment of amblyopia by accommodative facility training allows considering this training as a method of treatment for meridional amblyopia. The method of determination of meridional acuity should be included in the standard examination of patients with amblyopia.

Multivariate analysis of the effect of Chalazia on astigmatism in children

BackgroundChalazion may affect visual acuity. This study aimed to evaluate refractive status of chalazia and effect of different sites, sizes, and numbers of chalazion on astigmatism.MethodsThree hundred ninety-eight patients aged 0.5–6 years were divided into the chalazion group (491 eyes) and the control group (305 eyes). Chalazia were classified according to the site, size, and number. Refractive status was analyzed through the comparison of incidence, type, mean value and vector analysis.ResultsThe incidence, type, refractive mean and of astigmatism in the chalazion group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For comparison of the incidence, the middle-upper eyelid (50%) was highest, followed by 41.77% in the medial-upper eyelid, both higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In medium (54.55%) and large groups (54.76%) were higher than that in the control group (27.21%) (P < 0.05). In multiple chalazia, the astigmatism incidence for chalazion with two masses was highest (56%), much higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). However, this difference was not significant in chalazion with ≥3 masses (P > 0.05). For comparison of the refractive mean,the medial-upper eyelid, middle-upper eyelid and medial-lower eyelid were higher than the control group (P < 0.05) (P < 0.05). The 3-5 mm and >5 mm group were higher than those in the control group and <3 mm group(P < 0.05), and the>5 mm group was larger than the 3-5 mm group，suggesting that the risk of astigmatism was higher when the size of masses > 5 mm. Astigmatism vector analysis can intuitively show the differences between groups, the results are the same as refractive astigmatism.ConclusionChalazia in children can easily lead to astigmatism, especially AR and OBL. Chalazia in the middle-upper eyelid, size ≥3 mm, and multiple chalazia (especially two masses) are risk factors of astigmatism. Invasive treatment should be performed promptly if conservative treatment cannot avoid further harm to the visual acuity due to astigmatism.

High Prevalence of Astigmatism in Children after School Suspension during the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Associated with Axial Elongation.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Hong Kong Government enforced a “school from home” policy between February and September 2020. This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of astigmatism and visual habits after the home confinement period. Vision screenings were conducted at three local government-funded primary schools in Hong Kong from October 2020 to December 2020. A total of 418 ethnically Chinese primary school children completed the eye examination and returned questionnaires concerning demographic information and visual habits. It was found that 46.5% (95% CI, 41.7–61.4%) of the children aged 8 to 11 years had astigmatism ≥ 0.75 D, which was predominately With-The-Rule astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism reported in these children is generally higher than that of studies conducted before COVID. Compared to their non-astigmatic peers, astigmatic children had a longer axial length (p < 0.001) and engaged in fewer outdoor activities (p = 0.04). Multiple linear regression analyses also revealed significant relationships between axial length and both cylindrical error and J0 astigmatism. Due to the high astigmatism prevalence, there is a pressing need for further studies on the long-term impact of the pandemic on children’s vision.

Significant increase in astigmatism in children after study at home during the COVID-19 lockdown

ABSTRACTClinical relevanceEvaluating changes in refractive astigmatism after ‘study at home’ during the COVID pandemic may shed light on the aetiology of refractive errors.BackgroundTo investigate whether there has been a change in the proportion of astigmatism among primary school children after the school closure period during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis observational study compared cross-sectional (2018: n = 112; 2020: n = 173) and longitudinal data (n = 38) collected from two vision screenings, one in 2018 and the other after the school closure period in 2020, in the same primary school for children aged 8–10 years. Non-cycloplegic refraction and axial length were measured using an open‐field auto‐refractometer and IOL Master, respectively. A questionnaire focusing on demographic information, near-work time, and outdoor activities was administered to parents of all participants.ResultsWhile there were no significant differences in age, gender, or monthly family income between the two cohorts, astigmatism proportion (Cyl ≥ 0.75 D) in 2020 was 1.5-fold higher than that in 2018 (49.1% vs. 33.9%). The median cylindrical power was significantly higher in 2020 in older children (9 or 10 years old). More importantly, the children participating in both vision screenings had cylindrical power and J0 astigmatism significantly increased by 0.35 ± 0.40 D and 0.21 ± 0.25 D, respectively.ConclusionA significant increase in astigmatism (both proportion and magnitude) was found after the school closure period. Further studies are needed to investigate the origin of this increased astigmatism.

Prevalence of astigmatism in children and adolescents aged 7-19 years in some areas of Xinjiang

Prevalence of astigmatism in children and adolescents aged 7-19 years in some areas of Xinjiang

Astigmatism in Infants: Study of Changing Visual Axis in Infants and Children

Background: Astigmatism is an abnormality within the curvature of the attention. It occurs when light rays strike a spherical lens obliquely, or the line of vision to its principal axis is not parallel. Refraction away from the axis occurs when light strikes a lens obliquely and distorts the image formed.&#x0D; Aim: This study aimed to look at the prevalence of against-the-rule, with the-rule, and oblique-axis astigmatism in children. The change in cylinder index of refraction power and alignment of astigmatism in babies and young children is studied.&#x0D; Methodology: To conduct the study and thoroughly search the literature separately, references and abstracts were reviewed. Books like Parson’s diseases of the Eye by Dr. Radhika Tandon and several articles, WHO website, etc., were referred.&#x0D; Results: The study relied upon many studies on refractions procured by the near-retinoscopy methodology that knowledgeable Refractionist accomplished.&#x0D; Conclusion: It can be concluded that young children have a high incidence of against (???) type of astigmatism and that after this age (which age?), most children are with the rule.

Long-term follow-up of school-age children on the effectiveness of myopia correction with contact lenses

Introduction and purpose. Early use of contact correction for congenital myopia and astigmatism in children and adolescents contributes to their social rehabilitation. The myopia correction with contact lenses provides sustainability of correction and absence of periods of blurred retinal images, which are experienced with the use of glasses. The purpose of the study was to determine, through long-term follow-up, the extent to which contact lens correction improves uncorrected and maximally corrected visual acuity in school-age children with myopia and myopic astigmatism. Material and methods. We followed up for three years 84 children (168 eyes) aged 6–16 years with myopic manifest refraction and astigmatism, who used soft silicone hydrogel aspherical contact lenses to correct ametropia. In the early and late follow-up, these patients were examined for visual acuity, objective and subjective clinical refraction, axial eye length, corneal thickness and diameter, keratometry, and phorometric data (accommodation, vergence, disparate areas, and oculomotor apparatus and their interaction). Results.In course of long-term monitoring of myopia and myopic astigmatism correction with contact lenses in school-age children, the statistically significant results were recorded after three years of observation, namely: an increase in uncorrected visual acuity by 47% (t=5.2; p&lt;0.01), corrected acuity vision by 8% (t=9.3; p&lt;0.01), the spheroequivalent by 17% (t=3.7; p&lt;0.01), anteroposterior segment of the eye by 4% (t=7,1; p&lt;0.01), amplitude of accommodation by 27% (t=14.6; p&lt;0.01), negative part of relative accommodation by 17% (t=7.3; p&lt;0.01), positive part of relative accommodation by 32% (t=7.1; p&lt;0.01), flexibility of accommodation by 35% (t=14.2; p&lt;0.01), the ratio of accommodation convergence to accommodation by 19% (t=3.4, p&lt;0.01), stereovision acuity by 56% (t=4.1; p&lt;0.01), as well as a decrease in keratometry index in the strong meridian by 2% (t=5.2; p&lt;0.01), delays in accommodative responses by 33% (t=14.2; p &lt;0.01), distance phoria by 16% (t=10.1; p&lt;0.01), near phoria by 16% (t=11.3, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions. The study has shown that the use of contact lenses by school-aged children with myopia and myopic astigmatism can increase uncorrected and maximum corrected visual acuity. The increase of the spheroequivalent and anteroposterior axis (APA) of the eye indicates progression of myopia, but the use of soft contact lenses (SCL) leads to changes of the anterior corneal surface: an increase of the thickness in the central zone, and its flattening. Improvement of accommodation, vergence, disparate parts of the oculomotor apparatus, and their interaction was also observed. The results obtained indicate deceleration of myopia progression.

Frequency of Refractive Errors in Squinting Eyes of Children from 4 to 16 Years Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital

<i>Purpose: </i>To determine the frequency of refractive errors in squinting eyes of children from 4 to 16 years presenting at tertiary care hospital. <i>Study Design:</i> A descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was done. <i>Place and Duration: </i>The study was conducted in Paedriatic Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of the study was 15^th Sep to 15^th Oct, 2021. <i>Materials and Methods: </i>Sample size was 146 keeping 41.45% proportion of refractive errors in children with squinting eyes, 95% confidence interval and 8% margin of error under WHO sample size calculations. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. <i>Result: </i>Mean age was 8.57±2.66 years. Male were 89 (61.0%) and female were 57 (39.0%). Refractive error was present in 56 (38.4%), including 9 myopic, 32 hyperrmetropic, and 15 astigmatic children, and was absent in 90 (61.6%) patients. 57 positive parent refractive error patients, 21 (36.8%) showed refractive errors. However, In 89 patients without parent refractive errors, 35 (39.3%) showed refractive errors, p value 0.763. Early use of electric equipment against the refractive error showed that of total 56 patients with early use of electric equipment, 24 (42.9%) showed refractive errors. In 90 patient without the early use of electric equipment, 32 (35.6%) showed refractive errors There was no association of gender, age, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment with the refractive errors. <i>Conclusion: </i>Prevalence of refractive errors is high in patient with strabismus. There is no association of age, gender, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment in the occurrence of refractive errors. Further studies are recommended for confirmation of these.

Surgical Treatment of Epiblepharon Effectively Alleviates Keratopathy but Not Astigmatism: A Case-Control Study Utilizing Vector Analysis in East Asian Children.

Purpose To identify an appropriate surgical indication of epiblepharon by comparing keratopathy and astigmatism outcomes after surgical and medical treatments for epiblepharon in Asian children. Methods Children diagnosed with epiblepharon (n = 82, age 5.93 ± 2.76 years) with >6 months of follow-up were enrolled. The clinical presentations and cycloplegic refractive status at the baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment were compared between surgical (91 eyes from 47 children) and nonsurgical (67 eyes from 35 children) groups. The refractive and keratometric astigmatism at each time point were evaluated with vector analysis methods. For Thibos and Horner's method, the astigmatic power vector was decomposed into horizontal and oblique meridians (J0 and J45). However, the treatment-induced astigmatism (TIA) vectors were calculated by Alpins' method and depicted by the AstigMATIC software. Results In the surgical and nonsurgical groups, the baseline astigmatism magnitude was similar (2.22 ± 1.39 and 2.26 ± 1.46 D, p = 0.87). The rate of complete resolution of keratopathy at 6 months was 71.4% and 11.5%. The astigmatism magnitude in the surgical group differed among baseline and 3 months (2.25 ± 1.23 D) and 6 months postoperatively (1.97 ± 1.28 D) (p = 0.001). Power vector analyses confirmed a nuanced against-the-rule shift in the surgical group. This trend was especially observed in the subgroup of baseline astigmatism >2.0 D. However, the difference in the astigmatism magnitude between surgical and nonsurgical groups, even in highly astigmatic children, was not significant at 6 months. Conclusions The improvement of keratopathy in the surgical group was greater than that in the nonsurgical group in consideration of the more advanced severity in the surgery group at baseline. Decreased with-the-rule astigmatism can be observed at 6 months postoperatively, particularly among those with greater baseline astigmatism. However, the amount of change is small, and the outcome does not differ significantly from the nonsurgical treatment. Therefore, surgical indications should majorly base on the severity of symptoms and keratopathy.

Corneal topography, anterior segment and high-order aberration assessments in children with ≥ 2 diopter astigmatism.

To assess topographic findings, anterior segment parameters and high-order aberrations (HOAs) by using corneal tomography in children with 2diopters (dp) or more astigmatism. Children with 2dp or more astigmatism (study group) and children with astigmatism less than 1dp (control group) were recruited. Corneal astigmatism, mean, steep, flat keratometry (K) findings, anterior and posterior K results and anterior segment parameters including anterior chamber depth, kappa distance, horizontal corneal diameter, mean, central, middle, peripheral corneal thicknesses (CT), white-to-white (WTW) distance and pupil diameter were measured by Galilei G4 Dual Scheimpflug corneal tomography. HOAs were also assessed and compared between groups. Fifty-eight eyes of 37 children in the study group and 37 eyes of 37 children in the control group were enrolled. The mean ages of groups were 9.7 ± 2.4years and 9.3 ± 1.6years in study and control groups, respectively. The mean astigmatism was 3.3 ± 1.1dp and 0.5 ± 0.3dp in study and control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Total corneal astigmatism was 3.3 ± 0.84dp and 1.14 ± 0.47dp in study and control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups in terms of posterior steep K and posterior astigmatism values. Among anterior segment parameters, mean CT and WTW values were statistically different between groups. HOAs were found to be statistically different between groups. Higher posterior corneal astigmatism, thinner mean CT and lower WTW distance were found in children with 2dp or more astigmatism. Besides, HOAs were much more in these astigmatic children.

Development of a Smart Assistance System for Patients With Blepharoptosis

Blepharoptosis is defined as an abnormal low-lying upper eyelid margin in primary gaze. Without adequate management, the disease may cause amblyopia, strabismus, and astigmatism in children as well as constriction of the upper visual field, blurred vision, increased tearing, fatigue, and frontal headache in adults. In most cases of blepharoptosis, surgical intervention is the primary treatment. However, the risk of recurrence is high, and some complications may occur after the surgical intervention. Although ptosis crutches and magnetic eyelid devices have been reported to be beneficial for managing the disease, many disadvantages must be overcome. To avoid sequelae from the disease and to mitigate the discomfort and complications, this study proposes a novel assistance system. In this system, a controllable permanent electromagnet and a piece of iron sheet affixed to the paralytic upper eyelid were used for elevating the drooping eyelid according to the degree of the eyelid being opened or closed, as estimated by an optical probe. Finally, the performance of the proposed system in detecting eyelid actions and the effect of eyelid elevation were validated. The experimental results showed that the proposed system could effectively detect eyelid closing events and successfully, symmetrically, and synchronously elevate the drooping upper eyelid with a mean correction of 3.5 ± 0.4 mm (range, 2.7 - 4.0 mm) in 14 patients with unilateral blepharoptosis. The proposed system therefore may be applied to patients with unilateral blepharoptosis in the future.

Higher Order Aberration and Astigmatism in Children with Hyperopic Amblyopia.

PurposeTo investigate the changes in corneal higher-order aberration (HOA) during amblyopia treatment and the correlation between HOA and astigmatism in hyperopic amblyopia children.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a total of 72 eyes from 72 patients ranging in age from 38 to 161 months were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of astigmatism. Corneal HOA was measured using a KR-1W aberrometer at the initial visit and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between HOA and astigmatism.ResultsA total of 72 patients were enrolled in this study, 37 of which were classified as belonging to the higher astigmatism group, while 35 were assigned to the lower astigmatism group. There was a statistically significant difference in success rate between the higher and lower astigmatism groups. In both groups, all corneal HOAs were significantly reduced during amblyopia treatment. When comparing the two groups, a significant difference in coma HOA at the 12-month follow-up was detected (p = 0.043). In the Pearson correlation test, coma HOA at the 12-month follow-up demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with astigmatism and a stronger correlation with astigmatism in the higher astigmatism group than in the lower astigmatism group (coefficient values, 0.383 and 0.284 as well as p = 0.021 and p = 0.038, respectively).ConclusionsHOA, particularly coma HOA, correlated with astigmatism and could exert effects in cases involving hyperopic amblyopia.

Accommodation in astigmatic children during visual task performance.

To determine the accuracy and stability of accommodation in uncorrected children during visual task performance. Subjects were second- to seventh-grade children from a highly astigmatic population. Measurements of noncycloplegic right eye spherical equivalent (Mnc) were obtained while uncorrected subjects performed three visual tasks at near (40 cm) and distance (2 m). Tasks included reading sentences with stimulus letter size near acuity threshold and an age-appropriate letter size (high task demands) and viewing a video (low task demand). Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the influence of astigmatism, task demand, and accommodative demand on accuracy (mean Mnc) and variability (mean SD of Mnc) of accommodation. For near and distance analyses, respectively, sample size was 321 and 247, mean age was 10.37 (SD 1.77) and 10.30 (SD 1.74) years, mean cycloplegic M was 0.48 (SD 1.10) and 0.79 diopters (D) (SD 1.00), and mean astigmatism was 0.99 (SD 1.15) and 0.75 D (SD 0.96). Poor accommodative accuracy was associated with high astigmatism, low task demand (video viewing), and high accommodative demand. The negative effect of accommodative demand on accuracy increased with increasing astigmatism, with the poorest accommodative accuracy observed in high astigmats (≥3.00 D) with high accommodative demand/high hyperopia (1.53 D and 2.05 D of underaccommodation for near and distant stimuli, respectively). Accommodative variability was greatest in high astigmats and was uniformly high across task condition. No/low and moderate astigmats showed higher variability for the video task than the reading tasks. Accuracy of accommodation is reduced in uncorrected children with high astigmatism and high accommodative demand/high hyperopia, but improves with increased visual task demand (reading). High astigmats showed the greatest variability in accommodation.

Excimer laser refractive surgery for astigmatism in children and adolescents

Excimer laser refractive surgery for astigmatism in children and adolescents