Assured Safety Research Articles

Consumer behaviour and attitude towards shopping mall after pandemic covid-19

The whole world had come to a standstill due to the COVID19 Pandemic. Consistent lock-down, one after another, Corona virus waves disrupted the normal life of people. This pandemic has had a very bad effect across all the sectors in the market. Most affected sectors being tourism, hotels and other hospitality domains and organised retail shops, etc. This paper was an attempt made to understand the customer‟s opinion, perception and shopping attitude for shopping in malls. It was a descriptive research conducted with the help of a survey. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data and it was analysed using SPSS software by applying various hypothesis testing tools. The study concludes that respondents are cautious about stepping out of their homes for shopping. But various factors such as all the protocols covid-19 pandemic, hygiene, cleanliness, contactless payment facilities, proper navigation at entrance assured safety and security from the pandemic. Result shows that age of the respondents also affects the willingness of the respondents for shopping in shopping malls.

Probability of Loss of Assured Safety in Systems with Multiple Time-Dependent Failure Modes: Incorporation of Delayed Link Failure in the Presence of Aleatory Uncertainty

Probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS) is modeled for weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems in which one or more WLs or SLs could potentially degrade into a precursor condition to link failure that will be followed by an actual link failure after some amount of elapsed time. The descriptor loss of assured safety (LOAS) is used because failure of the WL system places the entire system in an inoperable configuration while failure of the SL system before failure of the WL system, although undesirable, does not necessarily result in an unintended operation of the entire system. Thus, safety is “assured” by failure of the WL system before failure of the SL system. The following topics are considered: (i) Definition of precursor occurrence time cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for individual WLs and SLs, (ii) Formal representation, approximation and illustration of PLOAS with (a) constant delay times, (b) aleatory uncertainty in delay times, and (c) delay times defined by functions of link properties at occurrence times for link failure precursors, and (iii) Procedures for the verification of PLOAS calculations for the three indicated definitions of delayed link failure.

Evidence Theory Representations for Properties Associated With Weak Link/Strong Link Systems, Part 3: Margins for Failure Time and Failure Temperature

Abstract The use of evidence theory and associated cumulative plausibility functions (CPFs), cumulative belief functions (CBFs), cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), complementary cumulative plausibility functions (CCPFs), complementary cumulative belief functions (CCBFs), and complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) in the analysis of time and temperature margins associated with loss of assured safety (LOAS) for one weak link (WL)/two strong link (SL) systems is illustrated. Article content includes cumulative and complementary cumulative belief, plausibility, and probability for (i) SL/WL failure time margins defined by (time at which SL failure potentially causes LOAS) − (time at which WL failure potentially prevents LOAS), (ii) SL/WL failure temperature margins defined by (the temperature at which SL failure potentially causes LOAS) − (the temperature at which WL failure potentially prevents LOAS), and (iii) SL/SL failure temperature margins defined by (the temperature at which SL failure potentially causes LOAS) − (the temperature of SL whose failure potentially causes LOAS at the time at which WL failure potentially prevents LOAS).

Evidence Theory Representations for Properties Associated With Weak Link/Strong Link Systems, Part 1: Loss of Assured Safety

Abstract The use of evidence theory in the analysis of loss of assured safety (LOAS) for weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems is introduced and illustrated. Article content includes (i) an introduction to evidence theory, (ii) definition of two WLs and two SLs used for illustration, (iii) belief and plausibility for the occurrence of LOAS for a one WL/two SL system, and (iv) a sampling-based procedure for the verification of belief and plausibility calculations. The presented results can be generalized to systems with more than one WL and two SLs.

Evidence Theory Representations for Properties Associated With Weak Link/Strong Link Systems, Part 2: Failure Time and Failure Temperature

Abstract The use of evidence theory and associated cumulative plausibility functions (CPFs), cumulative belief functions (CBFs), cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), complementary cumulative plausibility functions (CCPFs), complementary cumulative belief functions (CCBFs), and complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) in the analysis of loss of assured safety (LOAS) for weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems is introduced and illustrated. Article content includes cumulative and complementary cumulative belief, plausibility, and probability for (i) time at which LOAS occurs for a one WL/two SL system, (ii) time at which a two-link system fails, (iii) temperature at which a two-link system fails, and (iv) temperature at which LOAS occurs for a one WL/two SL system. The presented results can be generalized to systems with more than one WL and two SLs.

Intelligent Expeditious Accident Detection and Prevention System

Nowadays, many of the vehicle accident occur due to over speed, drowsy driving and drunken drivers. According to statistics, for every four minutes, a person dies because of road accidents and also thousands of accidents are recorded in 2017 for which people are died in India, which is more in number compared to all other accidents. But their lives could have been saved in the presence of emergency indicators. So we are going to implement our ideas, regarding the life saving measures and precautionary measure to prevent the accident. In this proposal, by using GPS, the exact accident location is identified automatically and GSM can send the data to nearby ambulance vehicle, the police station and family members of that person. The occurrence of accident can be detected using accelerometer sensor and severity of the accident is detected using tilt sensor. It helps to monitor the tilt angle of the chassis. The drowsiness of the driver is detected using drowsiness detector. By measuring the percentage of eyelid closure over the time, the driver’s drowsy state is detected and warning is given to the driver through the alarm. By this method we can measure the speed of a vehicle which gives reason for the accident and vehicle GPS location can be view through mobile application for theft detection. All the data can be processed in microcontroller with help of sensor value and send location to cloud. The major advantages of this system are cost effective, assured safety, victim life can be save quickly, low power consumption, better accuracy, efficient time consumption, reduce the chance of human error.

Probability of loss of assured safety in systems with weak and strong links subject to dependent failures and random shocks

Strong link (SL) and weak link (WL) systems are important safety design of high consequence system (HCS). In the accident that continuous time-dependent stress and random shocks occur concomitantly will change the failure mode of SL and WL systems, due to the presences of shock-dependent degradation and competing failure. In this paper, the probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS) which is the likelihood that WL system will fail to deactivate the HCS before SL system fails, is investigated in the situation that HCS is subject to both continuous stress and random shocks. Four scenarios that the continuous stress is deterministic or stochastic, and continuous stress and random shocks are independent or dependent are analyzed, when SL and WL systems suffer independent random shocks or the same random shocks. It is found that 1) PLOAS is significantly influenced by the Poisson intensity of random shocks, the failure thresholddispersivities and the shock-dependent degradation, which lead to the transform of dominate failure mode; 2) system safety might be enhanced when SL and WL suffer the same random shocks.

Breast feeding after caesarean delivery on maternal request: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionCaesarean delivery under maternal request (CDMR) is a major factor contributing to the rising global rates of caesarean section (CS) procedure. The choice of CDMR without medical indications could provide...

Аспекты обеспечения безопасности и страхования гражданской ответственности за ядерные риски от АЭС малой мощности

Purpose: To study the possibility of achieving assured safety for the environment and public in all modes of operation of small nuclear power plants (SNPP) and providing real civil liability insurance for nuclear risks at reasonable financial costs.
 Material and methods: Particular attention on small nuclear power plants is driven by regional development, local communities and productions, which are not covered by centralized transport and energy supply. The peculiar properties and benefits of energy production at SNPP are considered, including: the possibility of locating in remote regions; the short construction period and the modular structure of SNPP; availability of potential to improve safety and reliability; reducing the size of the sanitary protection zone up to the boundaries of the technological site; the reality of liability insurance (full financial responsibility of the operator) for nuclear damage to third parties caused by an accident at SNPP at reasonable financial costs; industrial serial production; ability to move the entire nuclear power plants with small modular reactors in the assembled form, etc. 
 A comparative analysis of the technical characteristics of the SNPP and a conventional nuclear power plant from a safety perspective is made.
 Results: The results of the SNPP safety analysis performed on the basis of the design documentation of the floating nuclear power plant “Akademik Lomonosov” is presented, with particular attention to assessing the consequences of design and beyond design basis accidents, in terms of probabilistic safety analysis and assessment of the maximum possible damage to third parties. The maximum possible damage to third parties from severe accidents is estimated to be about 0.5 billion RUR, which is hundreds of times less than damage from a catastrophic accident at a conventional NPP. Estimated costs for insurance of damage to third parties from an accident at SNPP will not exceed 1 kopeck/kWh. Possible approaches to civil liability insurance for nuclear risks and aspects of legal support are considered.
 Conclusions: The results of the analysis allow to conclude that it is possible to provide in the future: the achievement of practically assured safety of the SNPP for the environment and the public in normal operation and possible design and beyond design basis accidents; real civil liability insurance for nuclear risks of SNPP at reasonable financial costs.

Investigation of temperature-dependent high consequence system with weak and strong links based on probability of loss of assured safety

Strong link and weak link systems are the critical safety design of high consequence system. The probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS) which is the likelihood that weak link system will fail to deactivate the high consequence system before strong link system fails is used to assess the system assured safety. In this paper, a novel method based on PLOAS is proposed to estimate the mean and standard deviation of failure temperature or the minimum failure temperature of strong link for temperature-dependent high consequence system when given the failure temperature density function of weak link and the PLOAS. Four test problems are studied to verify the correctness of the proposed method. The corresponding L1-norm minimization problems are solved using gradient descend method. Based on the results of test problems, it concludes that this new method can provide a clear and quantitative “guide line” for critical safety component design. Moreover, the influences of the rates of temperature increase of strong link and weak link systems on required ability to bear abnormal heat environment are discussed and the safety index assignment is finally introduced.

Margins associated with loss of assured safety for systems with multiple weak links and strong links

Representations for margins associated with loss of assured safety (LOAS) for weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems involving multiple time-dependent failure modes are developed. The following topics are described: (i) defining properties for WLs and SLs, (ii) background on cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for link failure time, link property value at link failure, and time at which LOAS occurs, (iii) CDFs for failure time margins defined by (time at which SL system fails) − (time at which WL system fails), (iv) CDFs for SL system property values at LOAS, (v) CDFs for WL/SL property value margins defined by (property value at which SL system fails) − (property value at which WL system fails), and (vi) CDFs for SL property value margins defined by (property value of failing SL at time of SL system failure) − (property value of this SL at time of WL system failure). Included in this presentation is a demonstration of a verification strategy based on defining and approximating the indicated margin results with (i) procedures based on formal integral representations and associated quadrature approximations and (ii) procedures based on algorithms for sampling-based approximations.

Probability of loss of assured safety in systems with multiple time-dependent failure modes: Representations with aleatory and epistemic uncertainty

Weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems are important parts of the overall operational design of high-consequence systems. In such designs, the SL system is very robust and is intended to permit operation of the entire system under, and only under, intended conditions. In contrast, the WL system is intended to fail in a predictable and irreversible manner under accident conditions and render the entire system inoperable before an accidental operation of the SL system. The likelihood that the WL system will fail to deactivate the entire system before the SL system fails (i.e., degrades into a configuration that could allow an accidental operation of the entire system) is referred to as probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS). Representations for PLOAS for situations in which both link physical properties and link failure properties are time-dependent are derived and numerically evaluated for a variety of WL/SL configurations, including PLOAS defined by (i) failure of all SLs before failure of any WL, (ii) failure of any SL before failure of any WL, (iii) failure of all SLs before failure of all WLs, and (iv) failure of any SL before failure of all WLs. The indicated formal representations and associated numerical procedures for the evaluation of PLOAS are illustrated with example analyses involving (i) only aleatory uncertainty, (ii) aleatory uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty, and (iii) mixtures of aleatory uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty.

安心して楽しむ「スリル」 : 遊戯施設の動向(<メカライフ特集>楽のものづくり)

安心して楽しむ「スリル」 : 遊戯施設の動向(<メカライフ特集>楽のものづくり)

Exploring attention restorative theory and its use in fatigue management

BackgroundFatigue is a common and distressing symptom of long term illness, palliative care conditions and cancer, and a concern for families, carers and healthcare practitioners. Attention Restorative Theory (ART) was...

When should an insulin sensitizing agent be used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The attendant hyperinsulinaemia is also thought to contribute to the mechanism of anovulation in PCOS. Both metabolic and reproductive abnormalities are amplified by obesity and the treatment of first choice for overweight or obese women with PCOS is modification of diet and lifestyle. Nevertheless, changes in diet and exercise are, for many subjects, not easy to sustain and there seems an obvious place for insulin sensitizing agents in management of both reproductive and metabolic disturbances. Of the available agents affecting insulin sensitivity, metformin has been the most widely used but despite an enormous literature reporting beneficial effects on reproductive, cutaneous and metabolic manifestations of PCOS, its efficacy is unproven apart from in those subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or frank diabetes. Metformin at least has an assured safety record whereas both efficacy and safety of other insulin sensitizing agents in women of reproductive age, such as thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide analogues, remains to be established.

The compulsory competency road to assured public safety: A view from New Zealand

The New Zealand (NZ) Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (HPCAA) charged the Podiatrists’ Board of NZ (along with the other regulatory authorities for most of the other NZ health professions) with the overarching responsibility of assuring public safety (NZ Ministry of Health, 2003). The podiatry profession in NZ is relatively small in number and currently has approximately 270 practising podiatrists (Podiatrists’ Board of NZ, 2007a). Approximately 80% of those podiatrists are employed in private practice (NZ Health Information Service, 2006). A registered podiatrist wishing to practise in NZ is required by the Podiatrists’ Board to hold an Annual Practising Certifi cate (APC).

Effect of delayed link failure on probability of loss of assured safety in temperature-dependent systems with multiple weak and strong links

Weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems constitute important parts of the overall operational design of high-consequence systems, with the SL system designed to permit operation of the system only under intended conditions and the WL system designed to prevent the unintended operation of the system under accident conditions. Degradation of the system under accident conditions into a state in which the WLs have not deactivated the system and the SLs have failed in the sense that they are in a configuration that could permit operation of the system is referred to as loss of assured safety. The probability of such degradation conditional on a specific set of accident conditions is referred to as probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS). Previous work has developed computational procedures for the calculation of PLOAS under fire conditions for a system involving multiple WLs and SLs and with the assumption that a link fails instantly when it reaches its failure temperature. Extensions of these procedures are obtained for systems in which there is a temperature-dependent delay between the time at which a link reaches its failure temperature and the time at which that link actually fails.

Verification test problems for the calculation of probability of loss of assured safety in temperature-dependent systems with multiple weak and strong links

Four verification test problems are presented for checking the conceptual development and computational implementation of calculations to determine the probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS) in temperature-dependent systems with multiple weak links (WLs) and strong links (SLs). The problems are designed to test results obtained with the following definitions of loss of assured safety: (i) failure of all SLs before failure of any WL, (ii) failure of any SL before failure of any WL, (iii) failure of all SLs before failure of all WLs, and (iv) failure of any SL before failure of all WLs. The test problems are based on assuming the same failure properties for all links, which results in problems that have the desirable properties of fully exercising the numerical integration procedures required in the evaluation of PLOAS and also possessing simple algebraic representations for PLOAS that can be used for verification of the analysis.

Verification of the calculation of probability of loss of assured safety in temperature-dependent systems with multiple weak and strong links

Two approaches to the calculation of probability of loss of assured safety (PLOAS) in temperature dependent weak link/strong link systems are described and compared on the basis of three test problems. The approaches differ in that the first approach permits a separation of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty in the calculation of PLOAS and the second approach combines epistemic and aleatory uncertainty before the calculation of PLOAS. A discrepancy in the results obtained with the test problems led to the identification of an implementation error for one of the approaches. The importance and efficacy of well-designed verification test problems are demonstrated.

Probability of loss of assured safety in temperature dependent systems with multiple weak and strong links

Relationships to determine the probability that a weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) safety system will fail to function as intended in a fire environment are investigated. In the systems under study, failure of the WL system before failure of the SL system is intended to render the overall system inoperational and thus prevent the possible occurrence of accidents with potentially serious consequences. Formal developments of the probability that the WL system fails to deactivate the overall system before failure of the SL system (i.e. the probability of loss of assured safety, PLOAS) are presented for several WL/SL configurations: (i) one WL, one SL; (ii) multiple WLs, multiple SLs with failure of any SL before any WL constituting failure of the safety system; (iii) multiple WLs, multiple SLs with failure of all SLs before any WL constituting failure of the safety system; and (iv) multiple WLs, multiple SLs and multiple sublinks in each SL with failure of any sublink constituting failure of the associated SL and failure of all SLs before failure of any WL constituting failure of the safety system. The indicated probabilities derive from time-dependent temperatures in the WL/SL system and variability (i.e. aleatory uncertainty) in the temperatures at which the individual components of this system fail and are formally defined as multidimensional integrals. Numerical procedures based on quadrature (i.e. trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule) and also on Monte Carlo techniques (i.e. simple random sampling, importance sampling) are described and illustrated for the evaluation of these integrals.