Associations Of Extraversion Research Articles

Relationship between personality and academic performance among ethnic Khmer students in Vietnam: The mediating role of teacher confirmation

Understanding factors associated with students’ achievement in higher education is critical for planning interventions and services to improve their performance. The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between personality traits and academic performance of Khmer students and examine the role of teacher confirmation of this association. The design was randomly sampled once by a cross-sectional study. A sample population of 426 Khmer students from the first to the third year of three universities in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam completed the Big-Five personality dimension test, the teacher confirmation scale, and reported their college grade point average (GPA). Results revealed that all five personality traits were positive significantly related to academic performance. The results of the current study are also in line with what other studies have confirmed that personality traits are important predictors of academic achievement. Further, Bootstrapping and Sobel's analyses indicated that teacher confirmation mediated the association between openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness traits, and academic performance while the association of extraversion, emotional stability, and academic achievement was not mediated by teacher confirmation. The findings were interpreted within the classroom context in a multicultural environment in the Mekong delta of Vietnam where instructors could encourage and nurture the Khmer students’ achievements based on their personality traits and through the role of teacher confirmation in the classroom.

Personality and compliance with COVID-19 protective measures among older Americans: Moderating effects of age, gender, and race/ethnicity

Following the growing evidence that personality is related to various health behaviors, we examined whether personality traits were related to compliance with COVID-19 protective measures and evaluated the extent to which associations were moderated by age, gender, or race/ethnicity among older adults during a summer 2020 surge of COVID-19 cases in the United States. Data were from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study COVID-19 module. Multivariate ordinary least squares regression analyses were computed adjusting for health, psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors. Results indicated the significant associations between personality traits and compliance with COVID-19 measures varied by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Specifically, the associations of agreeableness with wearing a mask and frequent handwashing were less pronounced among older compared with younger individuals. The association between extraversion and wearing masks was stronger for men than for women. The associations of agreeableness with handwashing and physical distancing were weaker for Hispanic older adults, whereas the associations of extraversion with physical distancing and using sanitizers were stronger for Hispanic older adults than for their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Implications regarding behavioral science underlying the current pandemic and future public health crises are discussed.

The extraversion-neuroticism and geriatric depression relations: do social engagements and social supports have roles to play?

Evidence on the social pathways by which personality traits associate with depressive feeling is lacking. This study assessed the mediating roles of social engagements and social supports on the associations of extraversion and neuroticism with depressive symptoms among 465 older adults (Meanage = 74.18 ± 9.42) recruited from the senatorial districts of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Major assumptions were tested in structural equation modelling frame-work. High extraversion influenced both high engagements in social activities and perceived social supports, and then low depressive symptoms. High neuroticism predicted both low social engagements and social supports, and then increased depressive symptoms. While a full mediation was established between extraversion and depression, a partial one was found between neuroticism and depression. The total effect of neuroticism on depression surpassed that of extraversion. Psychotherapeutic interventions targeting depression from high neuroticism may aim frequent social engagements and seeking family and non-family supports.

Loneliness and Well-Being During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Associations with Personality and Emotion Regulation

The present study examined how neuroticism, extraversion, and emotion regulation were related to loneliness and well-being during 6 weeks of major public life restrictions in the Covid-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Cross-sectional results from 466 participants showed that neuroticism and emotion regulation strategies were associated with higher loneliness and lower well-being. However, in contrast to prior research, associations of extraversion with loneliness and well-being were weak and were qualified by interactions with emotion regulation. For introverts, maladaptive cognitive strategies such as rumination or catastrophizing were related to higher levels of loneliness. For extraverts, emotion suppression was related to lower levels of affective well-being. Individuals with low maladaptive regulation reported higher well-being the longer the public life restrictions were in place at the time of study participation. These findings suggest that first, extraversion may lose some of its protective value for loneliness and well-being when opportunities to engage in social activities are limited; second, that loneliness and well-being do not decrease over 6 weeks of public life restrictions; and third, that future studies should further investigate the moderating role of emotion regulation on the link between personality, loneliness, and well-being.

Accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity in relation to extraversion and neuroticism: a cross-sectional analysis of two studies

BackgroundPersonality reflects relatively stable and pervasive tendencies in feeling, thinking and behaving. While previous studies have found higher extraversion and lower neuroticism to be linked to higher self-reported physical activity levels, larger studies using accelerometer-measured physical activity are lacking. This study investigated the cross-sectional associations of extraversion and neuroticism with both accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity and the role of these personality traits in possible discrepancies between these two measures of physical activity among Finnish adults.MethodsTwo community-dwelling samples were used in this study: a) 47–55-yr-old women (n = 1098) and b) 70–85-yr-old women and men (n = 314). In both samples, extraversion and neuroticism were assessed by the 19-item short form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Physical activity was assessed with hip-worn tri-axial accelerometers and self-reported questions. Regression analyses were adjusted by age, BMI and education.ResultsIn the middle-aged women, neuroticism was negatively associated with accelerometer-measured leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = −.07, p = .036) and with self-reported physical activity (β = −.08, p = .021), while extraversion was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (β = .10, p = .005). No associations of extraversion or neuroticism with physical activity were found in the older men and women. Older adults who scored high in neuroticism reported less physical activity than what was measured by accelerometers (β = −.12, p = .039). Extraversion was not associated with discrepancy between self-reported and accelerometer-measured leisure time physical activity in either sample.ConclusionsNeuroticism was associated with lower leisure-time physical activity levels and extraversion with higher self-reported physical activity among middle-aged women. Neuroticism and extraversion were unrelated to physical activity among older adults, but older adults with high neuroticism seemed to underreport their physical activity level. The role of personality in the discrepancy between self-reported and device-based physical activity warrants further research.

Brain gray matter correlates of extraversion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.

Extraversion is a fundamental personality dimension closely related to an individual's life outcomes and mental health. Although an increasing number of studies have attempted to identify the neurostructural markers of extraversion, the results have been highly inconsistent. The current study aimed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of brain gray matter (GM) correlates of extraversion with a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Our review showed relatively high interstudy heterogeneity among previous findings. Our meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies revealed that extraversion was stably associated with six core brain regions. Additionally, meta-regression analyses identified brain regions where the associations of extraversion with GM volume were modulated by gender and age. The relationships between extraversion and GM structures were discussed based on three extraversion-related functional systems. Furthermore, we explained the gender and age effects. Overall, our study is the first to reveal a comprehensive picture of brain GM correlates of extraversion, and the findings may be useful for the selection of targeted brain areas for extraversion interventions.

How is the Big Five related to moral and political convictions: The moderating role of the WEIRDness of the culture

There has been extensive research on how the Big Five personality traits are related to political orientation and endorsement of moral foundations. However, recent findings suggest that these relationships may not be cross-culturally stable. We argue that how much a culture is WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) could moderate how the Big Five is related to political and moral convictions. In a sample of 7263 participants from 30 countries, our results showed that the level of WEIRDness of the culture moderated (1) the associations of agreeableness and openness with ideology; (2) the associations of extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with individualizing foundations; and (3) the association of extraversion with binding moral foundations. The results were mixed and some of the interactions were small in magnitude. However, they clearly indicate that the Big Five traits' relationship with moral and political convictions are not cross-culturally stable.

Serum uric acid and the Five Factor Model of personality: Implications for psychopathological and medical conditions

Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with a variety of medical and psychopathological conditions. This study investigated whether elevated SUA is associated with the Five Factor Model of personality. Participants underwent a health examination at two points of time, T1 (N=3706) and T2 (N=2104), about 18months apart. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were used to examine the concurrent and over-18-month associations between the FFM factors and SUA levels. Extraversion was associated with elevated SUA at T1 and T2. Conscientiousness was associated with decreased SUA at T1. The associations of Extraversion and Conscientiousness with SUA decreased to marginal significance when adjusted for body weight as a possible mediator. Agreeableness was associated with decreased SUA at T1 and T2 and persisted after adjustment for covariates. A secondary analysis conducted to examine whether the FFM could predict individuals having above normal SUA levels, showed a trend similar to that observed for the OLS regressions. The associations found have direct relevance to medical and psychopathological conditions associated with elevated SUA.

Pre-attentive operation and psychoticism: A P50 event related potential study

On the stipulation that “a theory of personality must be testable” (H. Eysenck), along with the view that the P50 component of the event-related potentials (ERP) indexes pre-attentive operation that reflects thalamocortical and/or reticular activating system (RAS) processes, the present study investigates the association of Eysenck’s personality dimensions, namely psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, and lie, with P50 ERP. Sixty volunteers were analyzed (29 males). P50 waveforms were measured through 26 electrode leads during the initiation, inhibition and reproduction condition of the Hayling Sentence Completion test. Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie dimensions were measured by means of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the low psychoticism group had significantly greater amplitudes than the groups with medium and high scores. The differences among the groups reached higher levels of significance in the initiation and the inhibition condition than in the reproduction condition. In the inhibition condition significant differences were located at the frontal leads, whereas in the initiation condition they were scattered throughout the electrode leads. The associations of extraversion, neuroticism and lie scale with P50 were not significant. These results suggest that psychoticism may be related to pre-attentive operation mediated by thalamocortical and/or RAS processes.

Lack of Association of Extraversion and Neuroticism with Sibship Size and Birth Order among Arab College Students

In a sample of 450 (220 men, 230 women) Egyptian undergraduates (M age=20.6 yr., SD=1.9), scores on extraversion and neuroticism scales were not associated with sibship size and birth order.

Latent-Trait Latent-Class Analysis of Self-Disclosure in the Work Environment

Based on the literature about self-disclosure, it was hypothesized that different groups of subjects differ in their pattern of self-disclosure with respect to different areas of social interaction. An extended latent-trait latent-class model was proposed to describe these general patterns of self-disclosure. The model was used to analyze the data of 1,113 subjects, tested on extraversion and with respect to their degree of self-disclosure toward different categories of people in the work environment. A model with one latent trait and a latent class variable with three categories was identified. Subjects belonging to the different latent classes differ in their general tendency to self-disclose, in their choice to whom they will show self-disclosure and in the degree to which they are selective in their self-disclosure. The collateral variable extraversion was associated with both latent variables. The association of extraversion with selectivity in self-disclosure was not significant.

Personality and psychosocial dysfunction in schizophrenia: the association of extraversion and neuroticism to deficits in work performance

Research on vocational dysfunction in schizophrenia has as yet only examined associated features of illness. We hypothesized that personality variables may be also associated with work function. We reasoned that higher levels of extraversion and neuroticism would predict poor function by virtue of the social support seeking and passive/avoidant coping styles associated with each. To test this, multiple regressions were conducted in which measures of extraversion and neuroticism predicted work performance among 43 subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Higher levels of extraversion and neuroticism significantly predicted poorer function, accounting for between 7% and 27% of the variance in global cooperativeness, work quality, work habits and personal presentation measures of work behavior. The potential importance of assessing personality in rehabilitation is discussed.