Association Of Visual Acuity Research Articles

Association of Neighborhood Environment with the Outcomes of Childhood Glaucoma

To determine the association between different neighborhood environment factors and the outcomes of childhood glaucoma. A retrospective cohort. Childhood glaucoma patients ≤ 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis. A retrospective chart review of childhood glaucoma patients who presented to Boston Children's Hospital between 2014 and 2019. Data collected included etiology, intraocular pressure (IOP), management, and visual outcomes. Child Opportunity Index (COI) was used as a metric of neighborhood quality. The association of visual acuity (VA) and IOP with COI scores using linear mixed-effect models, adjusting for individual demographics. A total of 221 eyes (149 patients) were included. Of these, 54.36% were male and 56.4% were non-Hispanic Whites. The median age at the time of presentation was 5 months for primary glaucoma and 5 years for secondary glaucoma. The median age at the last follow-up was 6 and 13 years for primary and secondary glaucoma, respectively. A chi-square test revealed that the COI, health and environment, social and economic, and education indexes between primary and secondary glaucoma patients were comparable. For primary glaucoma, the overall COI and a higher education index were associated with a lower final IOP (P<0.05), and higher education index was associated with a lower number of glaucoma medications at the last follow-up (P<0.05). For secondary glaucoma, higher overall COI, health and environment, social and economic, and education indices were associated with better final VA (lower logarithms of the minimum angle of resolution VA) (P<0.001). Neighborhood environment quality is a potentially important variable for predicting outcomes in childhood glaucoma. Lower COI scores were associated with worse outcomes. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Association of visual acuity and vessel density in glaucoma patients with myopia

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate correlation between vessel density (VD) and visual acuity (VA) in glaucoma patients with myopia.Methods: 65 eyes of 70 open angle glaucoma patients with myopia were included in this study. Myopia was defined as axial length &gt; 26.0 mm. Decreased VA was defined as &lt;20/25. Visual field (VF) 24‐2 and 10‐2 were both performed. Superficial and deep peripapillary VD (PPVD) were evaluated using radial peripapillary capillary VD and choriocapillary VD in peripapillary atrophy (PPA), respectively, of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A). Temporal and nasal superficial PPVD around optic nerve head (ONH), and the ratio of temporal to nasal PPVD were evaluated. Macular VD was evaluated using superficial and deep layer of OCT‐A. PPA with and without gamma‐zone PPA, disc torsion, and disc‐fovea distance (DFD) were evaluated.Results: 32 eyes of normal VA and 33 eyes of decreased VA were enrolled. In logistic regression analysis, thinner ganglion cell complex (GCC) (p = 0.005), lower deep PPVD (p = 0.028), and longer DFD (p = 0.049) were significantly associated with decreased VA. Worse VA was significantly associated with older age (p = 0.005), thinner GCC (p &lt; 0.001), more decreased ratio of temporal to nasal superficial PPVD (p = 0.022), and lower deep PPVD (p &lt; 0.001) in linear regression analysis. Worse mean deviation of VF10‐2 was significantly correlated with thinner GCC, lower temporal PPVD, and lower deep PPVD, respectively in linear regression analysis (all p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Eyes with decreased VA showed lower temporal superficial PPVD, deep PPVD, and thinner GCC in patients with myopia. Decreased VA was also associated with longer DFD. Decreased VD that may be affected by scleral deformation at temporal to ONH was associated with central scotoma and decreased VA.

Baseline Visual Acuity at Wet AMD Diagnosis Predicts Long-Term Vision Outcomes: An Analysis of the IRIS Registry.

Clinical trials in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) demonstrate that high visual acuity (VA) can be maintained, and low VA can be improved with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. Few real-world data investigating the relationship between baseline VA and long-term outcomes exist. This study compares VA at diagnosis and after treatment using data from a large patient registry. Retrospective study of IRIS Registry patients diagnosed with nAMD in one or both eyes between January 2013 and June 2017. Patients received at least two anti-VEGF injections in the study eye(s) less than 45 days apart during the study period. Primary outcomes were the percentage of eyes with 20/40 VA or better at diagnosis and association of VA at diagnosis with longer-term visual outcomes. The study included 162,902 eyes. Among all included eyes, 34.3% presented with 20/40 VA or better at diagnosis. Patients with 20/40 vision or better at baseline maintained a mean VA of 20/40 or better for 2 years after treatment initiation. Baseline VA at nAMD diagnosis predicts long-term VA outcomes. Early diagnosis before VA is adversely affected is a key factor in preserving vision in patients with nAMD. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020;51:633-639.].

Association of Visual Acuity with Eye-Related Quality of Life and Functional Vision Across Childhood Eye Conditions

We evaluated relationships between visual acuity (VA) and eye-related quality of life and functional vision in children, across a spectrum of pediatric eye conditions, using the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ). Cross-sectional study. Three hundred ninety-seven children (5-11 years of age) with an eye condition and 104 visually normal control subjects completed the Child PedEyeQ (functional vision, bothered by eyes/vision, social, and frustration/worry domains). One parent for each child completed the Proxy PedEyeQ (same domains as child plus eye care) and parent PedEyeQ (impact on parent and family, worry about child's eye condition, worry about child's self-perception and interactions, and worry about functional vision domains). Each domain was Rasch-scored and Spearman rank correlations were calculated to evaluate relationships between better-seeing-eye and worse-seeing-eye VA and PedEyeQ domain score. There was a significant relationship between poorer better-seeing-eye VA and lower (worse) PedEyeQ score on 2 of 4 child domains (e.g., functional vision, r=-0.1474; P= .005), on 2 of 5 proxy PedEyeQ domains (e.g., functional vision, r=-0.2183; P < .001), and on 2 of 4 parent PedEyeQ domains (e.g., impact on parent and family, r=-0.1607; P= .001). Worse-seeing-eye VA was associated with lower PedEyeQ scores across all child, proxy and parent domains (P < .01 for each) with the exception of the child social domain (P= .15). Both better-seeing-eye and worse-seeing-eye VA were associated with functional vision and eye-related quality of life in children, assessed using the PedEyeQ, although other factors may also influence relationships. These data further validate using the PedEyeQ across pediatric eye conditions.

Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study

Background/aimTo quantify the impact of baseline presenting visual acuity (VA), refractive error and spectacles wear on subsequent academic performance among Chinese middle school children.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, school-based study on grade...

Association of Visual Acuity with Ocular Dominance in 2045 Myopic Patients

ABSTRACTPurpose: Previous studies of the relationship between visual acuity (VA) and ocular dominance have produced conflicting results. We hypothesized that (1) the discrepancies were related mostly to sample size and interocular visual acuity difference (IOVAD); (2) in large samples of individuals with marked IOVADs, the eye with the better uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) would be dominant. These hypotheses were tested in a large group of myopic patients.Methods: This prospective study of cycloplegic refraction involved 2045 myopic refractive surgery candidates. Patients with amblyopia or strabismus were excluded. Ocular dominance was assessed using the hole-in-the-card test.Results: In 2045 patients, the dominant eye had significantly better UDVA (p = 0.028) and was less astigmatic (p = 0.000) than the nondominant eye. In 426 patients with marked interocular difference in the UDVA (≥0.2 logMAR), the dominant eye not only had significant UDVA (p = 0.022) but also significantly less myopic (p = 0.028) and had a shorter axial length (AL; p = 0.001). In patients with smaller differences in UDVA (0.1 logMAR, n = 411) or no difference (n = 1208), the dominant and nondominant eyes did not differ significantly with respect to UDVA, myopic power, and AL (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The present study showed that the dominant eyes had significantly better UDVA than the nondominant eyes, especially in individuals with marked differences in UDVA. These results supported our hypothesis regarding the relationship between better VA and ocular dominance.

Association of Visual Acuity and Cognitive Impairment in Older Individuals: Fujiwara-kyo Eye Study.

Both visual impairment and cognitive impairment are essential factors that determine the quality of life in the aged population. The aim of this study was to determine if a correlation existed between visual acuity and cognitive impairment in an elderly Japanese population. The Fujiwara-kyo Eye Study was a cross-sectional study of individuals aged ≥68 years who lived in Nara Prefecture of Japan. Participants underwent ophthalmological examinations and cognitive function test. A mild visual impairment was defined as having a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) >0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units in the better eye. Cognitive impairment was defined as having a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≤23 points. A total to 2818 individuals completed the examinations. The mean age of the participants was 76.3 ± 4.8 years (mean ± standard deviation). The mean BCVA of the better eye was −0.02 ± 0.13 logMAR units and 6.6% subjects were classified as being mildly visually impaired. The mean MMSE score was 27.3 ± 2.3 and 5.7% subjects were classified as being cognitively impaired. The proportion of subjects with cognitive or moderate visual impairment increased with age, and there was a significant correlation between the visual acuity and MMSE score (r = −0.10, p < 0.0001). Subjects with mild visual impairments had 2.4 times higher odds of having cognitive impairment than those without visual impairment (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 1.5–3.8, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, and length of education. We conclude that it may be important to maintain good visual acuity to reduce the risk of having cognitive impairment.

Visual Acuity at 6 Weeks after Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Role of Audit in Predicting Visual Acuity

We present the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 weeks after small incision cataract surgery (SICS) and review the role of audit in predicting visual acuity (VA). This was a retrospective data analysis of 14,393 SICS performed during 2007-2008 at a hospital in central India. Ophthalmologists noted preoperative, operative, and postoperative details. The BCVA before and 1 day and 6 weeks after surgery were noted. We identified factors associated with BCVA at 1-day and 6-week follow-up. Six weeks after surgery, 12,522 (87%) and 1473 (10.2%) patients had BCVA > or =6/18 and 6/24-6/60, respectively. Vision improved between 2 follow-ups in 6695 eyes (46.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 45.7-47.3)), remained the same in 7117 eyes (49.4%), and deteriorated in 544 (3.8%) eyes. BCVA at 6 weeks was negatively associated with blindness (VA <3/60 in the better eye) before surgery (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.92), surgeon's experience (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.71-0.81), and male patients (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.67-0.80). BCVA at 6 weeks was positively associated with older age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and intraoperative complications (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.83). The association of VA <6/60 1 day after surgery with improved vision between the 2 follow-ups was not statistically significant (OR = 0.005, p = 0.98). BCVA at 6 weeks after SICS was > or =6/18 in 87% of operated eyes. By performing surgical audit, one can identify high-risk groups that need proactive subsequent follow-ups.