Association Of Visceral Adiposity Research Articles

Age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (VAI) is superior to VAI for predicting mortality among US adults: an analysis of the NHANES 2011-2014.

The association of visceral adiposity with mortality in older adults is conflicting. Whether age influences the predicting ability of visceral adiposity(VAI) for mortality remains unknown. This study uncovered the relationship between age-adjusted visceral adiposity index and mortality through the data of NHANES 2011-2014. This study obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. The age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (AVAI) scores were expressed as quartiles. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was also applied to compare the predictive ability for mortality. Multivariate weighted Cox regression models were constructed to explore the association between AVAI and mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were conducted for survival analyses. Smooth curve fittings and two-piecewise linear models were applied to explore the relationships between AVAI and mortality. This study recruited 4281 subjects aged ≥ 18years from the NHANES 2011-2014. The AUCs of AVAI were 0.82 (0.79, 0.86) and 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) for predicting all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, which were superior to BMI, WC and VAI (all p < 0.05). AVAI is still an independent predictor for mortality adjusted for confounders. The associations of AVAI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities were dose-responsive, with higher AVAI scores indicating higher mortality risks. Age significantly improves the ability of VAI for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Age-adjusted VAI is independently associated with mortality risk, and thus could be considered a reliable parameter for assessing mortality risk.

Association of Visceral Fat Index with Coronary Collateral Circulation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract: Background: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is a network of anastomosing channels, established by heart in response to ischemia of myocardium. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and BMI are well established risk factors for development of poor CCC. Good CCC minimizes symptoms of angina, reduce the size of infarcts and prevent adverse cardiac events. The current research study was designed to find out the association of visceral adiposity and development of CCC among patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: The prospective study, conducted in Civil Hospital Karachi, comprised of 270 patients of coronary artery disease. According to the Rentrop Cohen categorization, patients were placed into two groups: the group with good collateral circulation having Rentrop grades i2-3 (n = 140) and the group with poor collateral circulation having Rentrop grades i0-1(n = 130). Rentrop score was determined by angiography. Segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to determine body fat mass and body muscle mass. Using Omron body fat and weight measurement systems, visceral fat index (VFI) was evaluated to determine the composition of visceral adipose tissue. SPSS was used for data analysis (Version 22). To assess the independent risk factor for poor CCC, logistic regression analysis was used. ROC curve was constructed to assess the efficacy of VFI in identifying CCC. Results: Overall, good collateral circulations were observed in 51.9% (n=140) of CAD patients, whereas poor collateral circulations were ound in 48.1% (n=130) of patients. Poor CCC was significantly associated with hypertension (OR=3, 95%CI= 0.111-8.231, p = .001) and VFI (OR=2, 95%CI= 1.451-3.567, p =.001). ROC analysis revealed a VFI &gt; 9 to be a potential predictor of poor CCC with AUC=0.9, sensitivity of 95.00% and specificity of 86%. Conclusion: The current study concluded that greater VFI and concomitant hypertension considerably increase the likelihood of having poor CCC, therefore, visceral adiposity can be considered as a potential target for preventing poor collateral circulation in patients with established cardiac disease.

The association of visceral adiposity with handgrip strength in community dwellers of the United Arab Emirates

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a powerful tool to assess generalized body health; however, its association with visceral adipose tissues (VATs) in the community dwellers of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is not known. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between HGS and VATs in the UAE population of both genders, 18–65 years of age (n = 1146). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in various community centers of the UAE from June to October 2021. We used a handgrip dynamometer to measure HGS and a bioelectrical impedance scale to measure body composition, including VAT content. VAT was categorized into low (1–9), optimal (10–14), and high (15–30) levels. We used t-test and ANOVA analyses to measure differences in HGS and VAT across gender and age groups. Results: The peak HGS was found in the third and fourth decades of life, followed by an age-associated decline. We report that the highest HGS for dominant was found in people with the optimal VATs content irrespective of gender and age. Conversely, having low or high VATs was associated with lower HGS. However, there were no differences between the HGS of dominant versus nondominant hands in men and women. Conclusion: Altogether, we report an association of an optimal VAT content with peak HGS, so that having low or high VATs were associated with reduced HGS. Taken together, the measurements of VAT and HGS may be helpful in assessing generalized health in preclinical settings.

0219 Interplay of School Days and Free Days with Sleep Midpoint on the Association of Visceral Adiposity with Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Abstract Introduction The circadian timing of sleep, including its variability, has emerged as an important contributor to obesity and cardiovascular health, such as elevated blood pressure. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period for circadian misalignment, which may express differently if youth are in school or on free-days. We examined whether deviations in sleep midpoint increase the impact of visceral adiposity on elevated blood pressure in adolescents as a function of being entrained to school or not. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up study, a random population-based sample of 303 adolescents (16.2 ± 2.2 y; 47.5% female; 21.5% minority). Actigraphy-measured sleep midpoint was calculated as the midpoint (zeroed to midnight) of the sleep period for weekdays (5-nights) and weekends (2-nights). Actigraphy-measured sleep regularity was calculated as the intra-individual standard deviation of the 5-night weekdays sleep midpoint. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was measured three times in the seated position. Multivariable linear regression models were stratified by “in school” and “on break” to test sleep midpoint and sleep regularity as effect modifiers of VAT on SBP/DBP levels. Analyses were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, actigraphy-measured sleep duration and polysomnography-measured apnea/hypopnea index. Results When participants were studied while “in school”, significant interactions were found between VAT and weekdays sleep midpoint on SBP (p-interaction=0.027) and DBP (p-interaction=0.046), so that the later the sleep midpoint on school days, the greater the association of VAT with SBP/DBP. When participants were studied while “on break”, a significant interaction was found between VAT and weekdays sleep regularity on SBP (p-interaction=0.039), so that the higher the sleep irregularity on weekdays, the greater the association of VAT with SBP. No other significant interactions were found. Conclusion A delayed and an irregular sleep midpoint during school days and during breaks, respectively, best identified those adolescents with greater cardiovascular risk associated with visceral obesity. These data suggest that not only the circadian timing of sleep contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes but its distinct biomarkers require measurement under different entrainment conditions in adolescents. Support (If Any) National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, UL1TR000127)

Cardiovascular Responses to Submaximal Exercise Stress Test in Adolescents with High Visceral Fatness

Background and Aim: Visceral adiposity per se was associated with risk of developing hypertension in future. There is escalating trend of visceral obesity in Indian adolescents. Nonetheless, the Asian Indian population is known to have an affinity for central fat deposition than peripheral fat. Meanwhile, the association of visceral adiposity and cardiovascular response to exercise in Indian adolescents of 18-19 years’ age group has not been well described so far. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 non-athletes’ (60 males and 60 females) late Indian Adolescents of 18-19 years’ age group. Visceral Fat (VF) and Other Body composition were measured by Bioelectrical Impedance technique using Omron HBF 302 body fat analyzer. The participants were customized into two groups based on their Visceral Fat Level (0-9: Normal VF group; &gt; 9: High VF group). Exercise Testing was done by treadmill exercise test following standard Bruce protocol. Cardiovascular reactivity (Heart Rate, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure) was checked at the end of each stage of Bruce Protocol. Results: Increased SBP and DBP responses to treadmill exercise tests at different stages were seen in high VF groups in both the genders. However, no abnormal reactivity was observed in high VF groups of both the genders. Conclusion: During treadmill exercise stress test, high blood pressure reactivity was seen in high visceral fat adolescents as compared to normal visceral fat adolescents, which was primarily due to their high resting blood pressure. Adolescents with normal visceral fat were competent to cross more number of Bruce stages than high visceral fat Indian adolescents. Visceral fat had a stronger influence on baseline cardiovascular parameters like systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as blood pressure parameter during exercise than total body fat.

Association of visceral adiposity and clinical outcome among patients with aldosterone producing adenoma

IntroductionPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension that has significant cardiovascular events and increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetics. Although plasma aldosterone concentration is positively correlated...

Association of visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation with sleep disordered breathing in normal weight, never obese adolescents

Objective/backgroundWhile obesity is a known risk factor for sleep disordered breathing (SDB), a large proportion of children with SDB are not overweight as per body mass index percentile (BMI%) criteria. This study aimed to examine whether premorbid or concurrent adiposity phenotypes and inflammation are associated with SDB in normal weight youth. Patients/methodsA total of 242 persistently non-overweight (BMI%<85) subjects from the Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC, N = 421, 5-12 y at baseline and 12-23 y at follow-up), were studied. The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was ascertained via polysomnography (PSG) at both time points. At follow-up, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan assessed android and gynoid distribution and subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adiposity composition, while a fasting blood draw was assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Multivariable linear regression models with AHI at follow-up as primary outcome were adjusted for sex, race, adenotonsillectomy, age and AHI at baseline. Results and conclusionsIncreased waist circumference (β = 0.227, p = 0.001) at baseline, but not BMI%, neck or hip circumference, was significantly associated with a higher AHI at follow-up. VAT (β = 0.309, p < 0.001), IL-6 (β = 0.243, p < 0.001), SAT (β = 0.235, p = 0.013), CRP (β = 0.221, p = 0.001), and an android distribution (β = 0.196, p = 0.003) at follow-up were significantly associated with a higher AHI at follow-up. Childhood central adiposity predicts SDB in adolescence, even in individuals who have never been overweight since childhood as per BMI criteria. Visceral adiposity and inflammation are concurrent to adolescent SDB, which supports the clinical utility of these biomarkers in predicting its associated cardiometabolic risk.

Su1613 – The Association of Visceral Adiposity with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Symptom Severity, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitaryadrenal Axis Response

Su1613 – The Association of Visceral Adiposity with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Symptom Severity, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitaryadrenal Axis Response

Association of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance with colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer.

Background/AimsTo examine whether visceral adiposity serves as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenomas.MethodsTwo hundred healthy subjects, 200 patients with colorectal adenoma, and 151 patients with CRC (46 with early-stage and 105 with advanced-stage cancers) were enrolled at a tertiary referral hospital. All subjects underwent colonoscopy, and had laboratory data, and computed tomography (CT) scan available for abdominal fat measurement. An abdominal CT scan taken 1 to 4 years (mean interval, 20.6 months) before the diagnosis of CRC was also available in the 42 CRC patients.ResultsThe mean areas of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas in the control, adenoma, early- and advanced-stage CRC groups were 94.6, 116.8, 110.4, and 99.7 cm2, respectively (P<0.001). The risk of adenoma positively correlated with VAT area and the visceral-to-total fat ratio (P for trend <0.01), but the risk of CRC did not (P>0.05). The risk of both adenoma and CRC positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels (P for trend <0.05). In patients with early-stage cancer (n=17), VAT area decreased when the CT scan at diagnosis was compared with that taken before the diagnosis of CRC, but superficial adipose tissue area did not, so visceral-to-total fat ratio significantly decreased (46.6% vs. 50.7%, respectively, P=0.018) ConclusionsVAT area is related to the risk of colorectal adenoma. However, VAT decreases from the early stages of CRC. Impaired fasting glucose has a role in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Association of visceral adiposity and its longitudinal increase with the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study.

A Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was recently established to estimate the visceral fat area in Chinese adults. This study aimed to investigate the risk of incident prediabetes and diabetes in relation to visceral adiposity calculated by CVAI. A total of 2558 subjects with normal plasma glucose levels from the Shanghai Changfeng Study were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. The independent associations of basal visceral fat area by CVAI and its longitudinal change with incident prediabetes and diabetes were identified using Cox regression analyses. During an average of 4.4 years of follow-up, 546 (21.3%) and 99 (3.9%) of 2558 nondiabetic subjects developed prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Visceral fat area by CVAI and its longitudinal increase were independently associated with incident prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese adults. In a multivariable-adjusted regression model, CVAI, as well as its annual change, was the strongest independent predictor of incident prediabetes (HR, 1.383 [1.162-1.647]) and diabetes (HR, 1.607 [1.092-2.364]) compared with other estimates of obesity (BMI and waist circumference). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that CVAI had better performance than BMI and waist circumference for the prediction of prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese adults. Visceral adiposity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and the visceral adiposity estimated by CVAI is superior to the traditional estimates of obesity for the prediction of incident prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese adults.

Sex differences in the associations of visceral adiposity, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and body mass index with lipoprotein subclass analysis in obese adolescents

The relationship of lipoprotein particle subclasses to visceral adipose tissue area (VAT-area) in obese children has not been examined previously. The study aims were to compare the relationships of VAT-area, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) with lipids and lipoprotein subclasses in obese adolescents and to determine whether these relationships vary by sex. This cross-sectional study of obese adolescents (BMI ≥ 95th percentile), aged 12 to 18 years, measured VAT-area by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMI, fasting lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and HOMA-IR. Linear regression models evaluated the associations of VAT-area, HOMA-IR, and BMI with lipid cardiometabolic risk factors. Sex-stratified analyses further explored these associations. Included were 127 adolescents (age=14.4±1.5years; 53.5% female; 88.2% African-American), mean BMI=34.0±5.1kg/m(2). VAT-area was negatively associated with low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P) size (β=-0.28, P=.0001), high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) size (β=-0.33, P<.0001), and large HDL-P concentration (β=-0.29, P<.0001) and positively associated with small LDL-P concentration (β=0.23, P=.0005) and small HDL-P concentration (β=0.25, P=.05). When VAT-area, HOMA-IR, and BMI associations were compared, VAT-area had the strongest associations with most of the lipoprotein subclasses. After sex stratification, the associations of VAT-area with HDL cholesterol, LDL-P size, and large LDL-P concentration were significant only for females (all P<.05). In a cohort of largely African-American obese adolescents, VAT-area was associated with a more atherogenic lipoprotein subclass profile. When compared with HOMA-IR and BMI, VAT-area had the strongest associations with most lipoprotein subclasses. The relationships between VAT-area and certain lipoprotein subclasses are significantly different in males vs females.

The association of visceral adiposity with cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease.

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) suffer from a high incidence of cardiovascular events (CVE). Visceral adiposity has been implicated in promoting CVEs. This study aimed to assess the association of relative visceral adipose volume with incident cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study including 260 patients with PAD who presented between 2003 and 2012. Cases were patients with diagnosed PAD including symptomatic lower limb athero-thrombosis and asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm. All patients underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA). Abdominal visceral to total adipose volume ratio (relative visceral adipose volume) was estimated from CTAs using a previously validated workstation protocol. Cardiovascular risk factors were recorded at entry. The association of visceral adiposity with major CVEs (death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) was examined using Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses.ResultsA total of 92 major CVEs were recorded in 76 patients during a median follow-up of 2.8 (IQR 1.2 to 4.8) years, including myocardial infarction (n = 26), stroke (n = 10) and death (n = 56). At 3 years the incidence of major CVEs stratified by relative visceral adipose volume quartiles were 15% [Quartile (Q) 1], 17% (Q2), 11% (Q3) and 15% (Q4) (P = 0.517). Relative visceral adipose volume was not associated with major CVEs after adjustment for other risk factors.ConclusionThis study suggests that visceral adiposity does not play a central role in the predisposition for major CVEs in patients with PAD.

Association of visceral adiposity with urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetics

To decipher the association of visceral adiposity (VA) with 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (24 h-UAE) in type 2 diabetics. We collected the clinical data, VA, subcutaneous adiposity (SA), 24 h-UAE, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α of type 2 diabetic inpatients at our hospital. According to the quartile of VA, the subjects were divided into 4 groups. And their profiles were compared with regards to the level of 24 h-UAE and the incidence of heavy proteinuria. And their relative intensities and the linear relationship of VA and lg (24 h-UAE) were analyzed. lg (24 h-UAE) of groups C and D was larger than that of groups A and B. With the rising level of VA, the prevalence of heavy proteinuria increased. A moderate correlation existed between VA and lg (24 h-UAE) (r = 0.51). lg (24 h-UAE) increased 0.26 units as VA expanded 100 cm(2), i.e. 0.15 units after relative factor adjusting. After gender and triglyceride adjusting, the odds ratio of heavy albuminuria in group C was 2.75 versus that in group A. And the OR was 3.87 in group D. Expansion of VA is a risk factor for an elevated risk of 24 h-UAE. With the expansion of VA, the prevalence of heavy albuminuria increases.

Association of visceral adiposity with oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinomas

Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma, in particular Siewert types I and II. This study compared abdominal fat composition in patients with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma with that in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma, and in controls. In total, 194 patients (110 with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma, 38 with gastric adenocarcinoma and 46 with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma) and 90 matched control subjects were recruited. The abdominal fat area was assessed using computed tomography (CT), and the total fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were calculated. Patients with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma had significantly higher TFA and VFA values compared with controls (both P < 0.001), patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (P = 0.013 and P = 0.006 respectively) and patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (both P < 0.001). For junctional tumours, the highest TFA and VFA values were seen in patients with Siewert type I tumours (respectively P = 0.041 and P = 0.033 versus type III; P = 0.332 and P = 0.152 versus type II). Patients with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma, in particular oesophageal and Siewert type I junctional tumours, have greater CT-defined visceral adiposity than patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, or controls.

Association of visceral adiposity with increased intrarenal artery resistive index in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to kidney function and intrarenal artery resistive index (IARI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients. We enrolled 102 consecutive HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months in a prospective cohort study. Echographically, the PRFT and IARI were measured and the serum metabolic parameters were evaluated. PRFT and IARI were measured using a 3.75 MHz convex linear probe. The mean of PRFT and IARI in HIV-1-infected patients with visceral obesity was considerably higher than that in patients without it (P <0.001 and <0.01, respectively). Using the average IARI as the dependent variable, age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.14; P < 0.5) and PRFT (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08P-1.51; P<0.01) were independent factors associated with IARI. Our data indicate that ultrasonographic assessment of PRFT may have a potential to be a marker of increased endothelial damage with specific involvement of the renal vascular district in HIV-1-infected patients.

Association of visceral adiposity with increased intrarenal artery resistive index in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

Purpose:The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to kidney function and intrarenal artery resistive index (IARI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients.Materials and Methods:We enrolled 102 consecutive HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months in a prospective cohort study. Echographically, the PRFT and IARI were measured and the serum metabolic parameters were evaluated. PRFT and IARI were measured using a 3.75 MHz convex linear probe.Results:The mean of PRFT and IARI in HIV-1-infected patients with visceral obesity was considerably higher than that in patients without it (P <0.001 and <0.01, respectively). Using the average IARI as the dependent variable, age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.14; P < 0.5) and PRFT (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08P–1.51; P<0.01) were independent factors associated with IARI.Conclusion:Our data indicate that ultrasonographic assessment of PRFT may have a potential to be a marker of increased endothelial damage with specific involvement of the renal vascular district in HIV-1-infected patients.

Associations of Visceral Adiposity with C-Reactive Protein, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Korean Adults

Associations of Visceral Adiposity with C-Reactive Protein, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Korean Adults