Association Of Uric Acid Research Articles

Health Benefits and Consequences Associated with Uric Acid Among Exercise Performers

Uric acid (UA) is a waste product formed when chemicals called purines break down. UA perform various functions such as a stimulant of the immune system, urate is an effective antioxidant, maintains blood pressure in a salt-poor environment and works against certain health diseases of the nervous system due to its antioxidant properties. Being an important biochemical agent, people do not give much importance due to insufficient knowledge about UA. This review study was initiated to assess the benefits and consequences associated with UA among exercise performers. One hundred (100) articles were placid into two (02) categories, i.e. (a) articles about health benefits of exercise and complication or penalties of UA (b) articles about the linkage or association of UA and Exercise. Moreover, the study was limited to the primary two magnitudes of UA, i.e. health benefits and consequences or risks of UA and Association of UA and Exercise. A literature search was done based on predefined keywords of the study. Finally, two (02) foremost search sources were used for assembling pertinent literature, and thus thirty-three (34) research articles were entertained per the study's recommended criteria. The categorization of studies grounded on quality and quantity was based on the established standards of the current review study. The existing literature disclosed that different managerial strategies such as eating low-purine foods, eluding certain medications, conserving a moderate weight, evading alcohol and sugary drinks, drinking coffee, increasing vitamin C intake, eating cherries and execution of low or moderate-intensity exercise have a significant effect on UA concentration.

Prevalence and association of hyperuricemia with liver function in Saudi Arabia: a large cross-sectional study.

Hyperuricemia is linked to an increased risk of various chronic diseases, but data on the prevalence and association of hyperuricemia with liver function in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Evaluate the prevalence, association, and risk measures of hyperuricemia and liver function in the Saudi population. Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Database on large portion of Saudi population. Laboratory data, age, and gender of the studied subjects were collected from Al Borg Diagnostics. Subjects were stratified, based on their uric acid (UA) levels, into three groups: hypouricemic, normouricemic, and hyperuricemic. The association of UA with liver enzymes was examined in all three groups. Association of serum UA levels with alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB). 13 314 subjects. Our study showed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the Saudi population is 17.3% (20.3% in males and 15.1% in females). We also found a positive correlation between ALT, AST, and TB with UA levels. The risk of being hyperuricemic was significantly increased in individuals with elevated ALT, AST, and TB. Individuals with elevated ALT, AST, and total TB had a higher chance of having hyperuricemia than those with normal activity. Notably, ALT, AST, and TB had good discriminating capacity for hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent in the Saudi population and is associated with compromised liver function. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings in large prospective cohort studies in different populations. Lack of data on other potential confounding variables.

Association of Uric Acid in Oral Health, Periodontal Disease, and Systemic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Background: The relationship between periodontitis or periodontal disease (PD) with uric acid (UA) is controversial. Furthermore, a rise in UA levels in common systemic disorders documented to be liked to PD must be understood. Objectives: The objective is to determine the association of UA levels with periodontal health and disease states by a systematic review of evidence from observational studies. Furthermore, we aimed to group secondary research papers which showed systemic diseases linked to periodontitis (SDLP) for the changes in UA levels in serum and discuss the consequences. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The literature search was followed by qualitative assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale when evaluating PD with UA associations. A similar strategic search system was used for identifying secondary studies (systematic reviews with meta-analyses or [SRMA]) for identifying UA levels in common SDLP. Results: Out of 212 selected studies, 40 underwent full-text analysis; 6 were eligible for systematic review. The current review summarizes that overall PD cases have significantly more UA levels than healthy individuals or controls from data from three observational studies. In the case of SDLP, around 8 SRMA (conducted on = 164 observational studies) revealed a significant association (P < 0.05 in all instances) with serum hyperuricemia; cancer incidence and progression were more in women with raised UA than in men. Conclusion: The review showed that UA levels were significantly altered in PD compared to healthy individuals. However, the available evidence is inadequate to establish whether UA is diminished or elevated in periodontal disease. The SDLP all showed a significant association with raised serum UA levels with cancers affecting more women than men with high UA levels.

Associations of Uric Acid With Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Applying Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography in the United States: A Nationwide Cross-Section Study.

Background and objectiveSerum uric acid (UA) is related to many metabolic diseases. However, the association of UA with liver diseases was not very clear. The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship of UA with liver steatosis and fibrosis.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 4364 people of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) using Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Linear and logistic regressions were performed.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, UA levels were associated with the prevalence of liver steatosis [OR=2.097 (95%CI: 1.245, 3.534)] and liver fibrosis [OR=2.983 (95%CI: 1.797, 4.952)]. Furthermore, the results were consistent in the subgroup analyses of males and females.ConclusionsUA levels were positively associated with the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis.

A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia.

This study aimed to determine the relation of serum uric acid (UA) level with outcomes in adults with candidemia. Medical records of patients with candidemia treated from 2014 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were age- and sex-matched with healthy control subjects. The associations of UA and cystatin C (CysC) levels with diagnosis and prognosis of candidemia were determined. Sixty-four patients with candidemia (13 females and 51 males; mean age 48.5 years) and 64 matched control subjects were included. The median UA level of patients with candidemia was 255 μmol/L (range, 158–395 μmol/L), and of healthy controls was 398 μmol/L (range, 345–450 μmol/L) (P < 0.001). The median CysC level of patients with candidemia was 1.07 mg/L (range, 0.89–1.59 mg/L), and of the healthy controls was 0.82 mg/L (range, 0.74–0.95 mg/L) (P < 0.001). Patients with a favorable prognosis had significantly higher serum UA levels than those with a poor prognosis (181 μmol/L vs 344 μmol/L; P = 0.001). It was indicated that the estimated OR for UA was significantly > 1 (P = 0.009), and the AUC was 0.734. In summary, a lower serum UA level is associated with a diagnosis of candidemia, and a poor outcome.

Correlation between prediabetes, coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular risk factors: A 5-year retrospective case study

Objective was to evaluate the correlation between prediabetes, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7 to 6.4%, cardiovascular risks (determined by Framingham Risk Score: FRS) and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS), by the retrospective analysis of 5 year data documents on PACS, Jan 2015 to Dec 2020. Method: There were 1,639 eligible cases, reviewed by certified radiologists via Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), with an asymptomatic condition in the check-up center, divided into two groups: - (1) the prediabetes group, with 756 cases and (2) the non-diabetes group, with 883 cases. The results of vital signs, BMI, CACS, blood test, HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles, and serum uric acid of all eligible cases were reviewed. Linear regression, t-test, chi-square, and Adjusted Odd ratio were used analyzed the significance and correlation between variables. Results: (1) Most of the prediabetes participants (456 cases, 60.31%) had an intermediate risk of Framingham Risk Score (FRS). While most of the non-diabetes participants (665 cases, 75.31%) had a low risk of FRS., with a statistical difference (Chi-square, P &lt; 0.05), (2) The prediabetes cases were significantly associated with coronary calcification at 2.38 times to the non-diabetic cases [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.38 [95% CI (1.98 – 14.98)]., (3) The intermediate cardiovascular risk (FRS) was associated with positive coronary artery calcification at 2.36 times to the low cardiovascular risk [Multivariate adjusted OR = 2.36 (95% CI (1.06 – 5.46)]., and (4) The high cardiovascular risk (FRS) was associated with positive coronary artery calcification at 8.64 times to the low cardiovascular risk [Multivariate adjusted OR = 8.64 (95% CI (2.65 – 18.58)]. Moreover, we found a significant higher serum uric acid in the prediabetes group than the non-diabetes group. Conclusions: Subclinical prediabetes, among 47 to 62-year-old individuals, with an intermediate risk of FRS was significantly associated with positive coronary calcification (atherosclerosis). The combination of CACS screening with a safety low dose radiation protocol and FRS are of complementary together to evaluate the potential risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). The benefits of combining CACS and FRS are used for decision making of the statin therapy, according to the ACC/AHA primary prevention guidelines (2019). Moreover, a high serum uric acid (UA) is a new challenging ASCVD risk factor in the present that we found it in prediabetes. The association of UA, cardiometabolic disease, and coronary atherosclerosis needs further studies.

Elevated Serum Uric Acid Increases the Risk of Ischemic Stroke Recurrence and Its Inflammatory Mechanism in Older Adults.

BackgroundSerum uric acid (UA) has been reported to be associated with ischemic stroke and inflammation. However, whether or not UA is related to the recurrence of ischemic stroke, and whether inflammation plays a role in the relationship between them remain inconclusive.ObjectiveWe sought to explore the relationship between UA and the recurrence of ischemic stroke and to define the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the aforementioned relationship.MethodsA total of 8,995 patients were included in this study. Basic information and blood samples were collected, and whether or not each participant experienced ischemic stroke recurrence within 3 years was documented. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their UA level, as follows: ≤ 266, 267–339, and ≥ 340 μmol/L. COX regression and restricted cubic spline regression models were used to evaluate the clinical correlation between UA and ischemic stroke recurrence, mediation analysis and interaction and joint analysis were used to evaluate the role of NLR in the association of UA and ischemic stroke recurrence, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the data.ResultsIschemic stroke recurrence was related to male sex, older age, higher UA level, higher NLR, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Following adjustment for potential confounders, a high level of UA (≥ 340 μmol/L) increased the risk of recurrence by 92.6% in patients with previous ischemic stroke. We also found that NLR affects the association between UA and the recurrence of ischemic stroke in older adults, suggesting that patients with high NLR and high UA levels are at greater risk for ischemic stroke recurrence.ConclusionUA level is non-linearly associated with recurrence, and NLR has an additive interaction between UA and ischemic stroke recurrence.

The relationship between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and collateral index in patients with chronic total occlusion.

Background High serum uric acid (UA) levels and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are accepted as risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. Hyperuricemia and low HDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and the development of diabetes and hypertension. However, the association of UA with cardiovascular (CV) mortality,collateral index are undetermined in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO).Material and methods 124 patients who underwent coronary angiography with the diagnosis of stable or unstable angina pectoris and had chronic total occlusion were included in our study. Blood samples were collected from all patients before the angiography procedure. Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was graded according to the Rentrop grading system of 0-3. Rentrop grades of 0 and 1 indicated low-grade CCC group, whereas grades 2 and 3 indicated high-grade CCC group. We divided our patients into two groups as low-grade CCC and high-grade CCC and examined these two groups in terms of uric acid / HDL ratios. Group 1: Rentrop classification grade 0-1 (mean age, 63,9±9,9), Group 2: Rentrop classification grade 2-3 (mean age, 62,1±9,4).Results The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Uric acid / High density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios and uric acid levels were higher in group 1 with poor collateral circulation [group 1; 0,21 (0,07-0,39) vs. group 2; 0,16 (0,08-0,31), group 1; 8,2 (3,4-10,4) vs. group 2; 5,85 (3,5-7,7), p&lt;0,001, p&lt;0,001 respectively].Conclusions We found that high Uric acid / High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios and high uric acid levels are associated with poor collateral circulation.

Differential relationship of uric acid to mortality and clinical biomarkers of aging according to grip strength in older adults: a cohort study.

Uric acid is both a pro-oxidant and antioxidant. We investigated serum uric acid's association with mortality and aging biomarkers in older adults with varying levels of grip strength. A total of 5329 community-dwelling adults aged ≥55 years underwent assessments of serum uric acid levels, grip strength, and biomarkers of diverse physiological systems. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We observed a significant (P < .001) interaction between uric acid levels and grip strength on all-cause mortality risk. Among participants with low grip strength, a nonlinear association (P for nonlinearity = .006) was observed between serum uric acid levels and mortality risk after multivariate adjustment. Compared with participants with neither extreme uric acid levels nor low grip strength, those with a combination of high serum uric acid and low grip strength exhibited greater risks of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–2.02) and deviations in biomarkers of specific systems, so did those with a combination of low serum uric acid and low grip strength (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.13–2.05). In conclusion, there was a J-shaped association between serum uric acid and the risk of all-cause mortality in older adults. This was primarily true for those with low grip strength.

Involvement of Serum Uric Acid in Essential Hypertension, Progressive Proteinuria and Impairment in Renal Function among Type-2 Diabetic Patients

Type-2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder with vast complications. Uric acid (UA) was recently discovered as a risk biomarker for the development of type-2 diabetes. Several studies have found a significant association of Hyperuricemia with Hypertension (HTN), renal complications and cardiovascular disease. However, no study has found an association of hyperuricemia with the development of essential hypertension, nephropathy and Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) among type-2 diabetics. Moreover, in the past no study has found cut off points for serum uric acids for the development of DKD/CKD among diabetics with sensitivity and specificity, which was achieved in the current study. We collected 10,300 type-2 diabetics data for more than 15 years in a cross sectional retrospective manner. 17% demonstrated hyperuricemia while 16% were found to be DKD. Significant correlations were found between serum UA and other variables (serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic BP, microalbumin and spot urine protein). Levels of UA were observed to be elevated among patients with HTN, nephropathy and DKD (p&lt;0.0001). Similarly, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic BP, microalbuminuria and spot urine protein were higher for the group with hyperuricemia (p&lt;0.0001). Pearson’s (χ²) and logistic regression with odds ratio demonstrated that hyperuricemia was significantly associated with HTN (odds ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.8 to 23.4; p&lt;0.0001). Similarly, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with the development of nephropathy and DKD/CKD; odds ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.46 to 2.8; p&lt;0.0001) and 27.3 (95% CI 14 to 53; p&lt;0.0001), respectively. Moreover, regression model between serum UA and serum creatinine was also significantly associated with each other and proves our hypothesis that UA linearly causes an increase in the blood creatinine with the following relationship : Serum creatinine=0.221 + [0.154 × serum UA]. ROC for DKD and serum UA demonstrated that with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.961 to 0.986), UA level of 6.8 was 91% sensitive and 79% specific for the development and significant association with DKD/CKD (p&lt;0.0001). This is the first study of its kind that has demonstrated significant associations of UA with HTN, nephropathy and DKD. It is the time to revise the normal levels of UA among type-2 diabetics and to initiate regular screening for hyperuricemia to prevent further diabetes complications.

Association between the uric acid and hypertension in community-based Chinese population: stratified analysis based on body mass index and age.

Many studies have shown that uric acid was related to hypertension. However, the association dependence on body mass index (BMI) or age was unclear. This study was performed with a group of 4012 Chinese population aged 30 to 92years old. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of uric acid (UA) concentration [First group: ≤ 231μmol/L (reference), Second group: 231-289μmol/L, Third group: 289-362μmol/L, Fourth group: > 362μmol/L]. Hypertension was defined as newly measured blood pressure ≥ 140/90mmHg or taking antihypertensive drugs. Stratified analysis based on BMI (< 28kg/m2 vs ≥ 28kg/m2) and age (< 60years old vs ≥ 60years old) to analyze the association between UA and hypertension. Subjects were 54.50 (45.00, 63.00) years old, and 40.98% were male, 38.33% were hypertension. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association of UA and hypertension were 2.226 (1.662, 2.980), 4.340 (3.253, 5.790), 5.898 (4.434, 7.845) and 6.557 (4.927, 8.727) in the four groups among ≥ 60years old respectively comparing with first group among < 60years old. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association between UA and hypertension were 2.170 (1.236, 3.808), 5.260 (3.267, 8.468), 9.056 (5.509, 14.888) and 3.730 (2.529, 5.550) in the four groups among BMI ≥ 28kg/m2 respectively comparing with first group among BMI < 28kg/m2. Uric acid was significantly associated with the hypertension. The association was stronger among subjects ≥ 60years old or BMI ≥ 28kg/m2.

Determinants of serum uric acid levels in an adult general population: results from the Moli-sani Study.

High levels of serum uric acid (UA) are associated with cerebro-cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study aimed at evaluating the main determinants of serum UA levels in relation to biochemical, lifestyle, and clinical variables. The study population included 15,594 participants (48% men, age ≥ 35years) to the Moli-sani Study, for whom data on serum UA levels were available. Association of UA with dependent variables was investigated by multivariable linear regression analysis separately for men and women. Average serum UA levels were higher in men than in women (6.1 ± 1.3 vs 4.6 ± 1.2mg/dL, respectively). Cystatin C, creatinine, albumin, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and diuretic therapy were the major determinants of the heterogeneity of UA levels. In women, the final model, resulting from the stepwise analysis, explained 41.6% of the UA variability. In particular, cystatin C explained 22.5% of UA variance, followed by BMI (7.2%), albumin (4.0%), and creatinine (1.9%). The final model in men fitted the data less than in women (total R2 = 29.1%), and creatinine was found to be the main determinant of UA levels (10.1%), followed by triglycerides (7.6%), BMI (3.7%), and albumin (2.0%). In a general adult population, the major determinants of serum UA levels are cystatin C, creatinine, BMI, triglycerides, albumin, and the use of diuretics. Knowledge of its main determinants will be useful to better evaluate the relationship between UA levels and detrimental health outcomes and to clarify if an increase in uricemia is a marker or an independent risk factor. Key Points • Increased serum uric acid (UA) levels are reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. • The major determinants of heterogeneity of UA levels are cystatin C, creatinine, BMI, triglycerides, albumin, and the use of diuretics, in a general adult population. • Studying the main determinants associated with high levels of serum uric acid would help better understanding if uric acid is a marker or an independent cardiovascular risk factor.

Uric acid and left ventricular hypertrophy: another relationship in hemodialysis patients.

BackgroundThe impact of serum uric acid (UA) on morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is quite controversial in relation to the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum UA with both mortality and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in HD patients.MethodsThis longitudinal study enrolled 225 prevalent HD patients who were classified into three groups according to their follow-up-averaged UA (FA-UA) levels: low FA-UA (FA-UA <400 µmol/L), intermediate/reference FA-UA (FA-UA between 400 and 450 µmol/L) and high FA-UA (FA-UA >450 µmol/L). Echocardiography was performed on a nondialysis day and the presence of LVH was defined based on a left ventricular mass index (LVMI) >131 and >100 g/m2 for men and women, respectively. The patients were followed during a 60-month period.ResultsThe mean FA-UA level was 425 ± 59 µmol/L (range 294–620). There was a consistent association of higher FA-UA with better nutritional status (higher body mass index, normalized protein catabolic rate, creatinine, albumin and phosphorus), higher hemoglobin, but lower C-reactive protein and LVMI. During the 5-year follow-up, 81 patients died (36%) and the main causes of death were cardiovascular (CV) related (70%). When compared with the reference group, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–2.98; P = 0.041] in the low FA-UA group, but there was no significant association with the high FA-UA group. In contrast, FA-UA did not show an association with CV mortality neither with the lower nor with the high FA-UA group. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of LVH risk in the low FA-UA compared with the reference FA-UA group was 3.11 (95% CI 1.38–7.05; P = 0.006), and after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes and CV disease, ORs for LVH persisted significantly only in the low FA-UA group [OR 2.82 (95% CI 1.16–6.88,); P = 0.002].ConclusionsLow serum UA is a mortality risk factor and is associated with LVH in HD patients. These results are in contrast with the association of UA in the general population and should be the subject of further research.

Abstract P414: The Interrelations Between Serum Uric Acid, Silent Myocardial Infarction and Mortality in the General Population

Background: Whether elevated uric acid (UA) is associated with silent myocardial infarction (SMI) or whether their joint association predicts an increased risk of mortality has not been explored. Methods: This analysis included 6,323 participants (58.4±13.1 years, 53.9% women, and 49.7% Non-Hispanic whites) without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III). SMI was defined as electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) without a history of MI. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the cross-sectional association between baseline UA and SMI. Cox-proportional hazard analysis was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with UA in the absence and presence of SMI. Results: Higher baseline level of UA was associated with higher odds of baseline SMI. The prevalence of SMI was 0.79%, 1.18%, 1.59% and 2.27% across the UA quartiles respectively; multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.53 (1.19-5.37) comparing the upper with lower quartile. During a median follow up of 14 years, there were 1916 all-cause death of whom 774 were CVD deaths. Compared to participants with the lowest UA quartile values and without SMI, those with highest UA had a 34% increased the risk of all-cause mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR: (95%CI): 1.34 (1.15-1.56)). This risk increased by 112% in the presence of SMI (multivariable-adjusted HR (95%CI): 2.12(1.41-3.70)). Similar results were observed for CVD mortality. SMI carried an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality only in higher quartiles of UA. Conclusion: The strong association of UA with SMI and the additive effect of UA and SMI on mortality further support the potential role of UA as a marker of poor outcomes. Both UA and electrocardiogram are simple, inexpensive markers which can potentially be used in risk stratification and identification of high-risk individuals.

Association between serum uric acid levels and coronary artery disease in different age and gender: a cross-sectional study.

The association between uric acid (UA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) was controversial. It was still unclear how the UA level changes with age and gender. To confirm the relationship between the change of UA with age and gender and CAD, especially in elderly people. 8285 individuals were investigated. The changes of UA and hyperuricemia in female and male with age were analyzed. The associations of UA, and hyperuricemia with CAD in different age and sex were assessed. Individuals were stratified into four groups according to their age: ≤39years; 40-59years; 60-79years, and ≥ 80years. The level of UA and the proportion of hyperuricemia increased significantly with age in female (P < 0.001), but showed a downward trend in male (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, hyperuricemia remained an independent risk factor for the incident of CAD in all women (P = 0.029). In ≥ 80year groups of female, UA and hyperuricemia became independent risk factors for the incident of CAD in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (all P ≤ 0.001). The level of UA showed significantly different changes with age in different gender. The relationship between UA and CAD showed differences in different age and sex. There were significant correlations between UA, hyperuricemia, and CAD only in female, particularly in the ≥ 80year elderly women, but not in men.

Serum uric acid level and bone mineral density in Iraqi postmenopausal women

BackgroundThe role of uric acid (UA) in bone mineral density (BMD) has been investigated with diverse results. Aim of the workTo study the relation between serum UA and BMD in Iraqi postmenapausal women. Patients and methodsThe study involved 151 Iraqi postmenapausal women recruited from Baghdad Medical City. Serum UA was measured on two occasions and subjects were categorized into four quartiles according to the serum concentrations. BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and T-score calculated at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and right femoral neck. ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 53 ± 9.1 years, body mass index was 31 ± 3.68 and the menopause duration was 8.13 ± 5.86 years. Their mean serum UA level was 4.72 ± 1.35 mg/dl. 56 (37.1%) subjects were osteopenic and 34 (22.5%) were osteoporotic. The mean BMD increased significantly across the quartiles; the highest was in the fourth UA quartile (highest) for both the lumbar spine and right femoral neck. The percentage of women with osteoporosis and osteopenia were lowest in the fourth UA quartile. UA was significantly associated with BMD at L1-L4 spine (p = 0.04) and right femoral neck (p = 0.004) and with the corresponding T-scores (p = 0.008 and p = 0.01 respectively). After adjusting for confounding factors for UA on BMD, only the association of UA with L1-L4 BMD (β = 0.03, p = 0.01) and T-value (β = 0.32, p = 0.009) was still significant. ConclusionHigher serum UA levels were associated with higher BMDs at the lumbar spine suggesting that it may have a beneficial effect on the bone density.

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVEL, PULSE PRESSURE AND URIC ACID ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS IN JAPANESE GENERAL POPULATION

Objective: To clarify the association of triglyceride (TG), high- and low- density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL-C and LDL-C), blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, uric acid (UA), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urine albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), which has been reported as a potential surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis, in the Japanese general populations. Design and method: A total of 2,645 participants including 1,205 men (61.1 ± 9.9 years) and 1,440 women (61.2 ± 9.4 years) were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured to obtain pulse pressure (PP). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin were measured to calculate HOMA-IR. cIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound machine (GM-72P00A, Panasonic, Kanagawa). Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed in two models. Model 1 was adjusted for age, BMI, current smoking status, exercise habit, habitual alcohol consumption, and medication for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, including all indices shown above. The association of UA, hsCRP, UACR and HOMA-IR with cIMT was analyzed in model 2 adjusted for same variables in model 1 except PP, TG and cholesterol levels. Results : Mean ± SD of cIMT, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, PP and UA were 0.68 ± 0.16 (mm), 59.1 ± 15.6 (mg/dL), 118.9 ± 30.4 (mg/dL), 131.2 ± 17.1 (mmHg), 77.3 ± 10.0 (mmHg), 54.0 ± 12.2 (mmHg) and 5.8 ± 1.8 (mg/dL), respectively, in men, and 0.63 ± 0.12 (mm), 68.3 ± 15.4 (mg/L), 127.0 ± 30.6 (mg/dL), 125.4 ± 18.1 (mmHg), 72.9 ± 10.0 (mmHg), 52.5 ± 12.5 (mmHg) and 4.3 ± 1.3 (mg/dL), respectively, in women. In model 1, LDL-C and PP were significantly associated with cIMT in men and women (P < 0.001). In men, UA also showed significant association (P = 0.002), whereas HDL-C showed significant inverse association (P = 0.001). In model 2, UA showed significant association with cIMT in men and women (P = 0.007, P = 0.002). Conclusions : In conclusion, our results indicate the following. First, LDL-C and PP may be potential surrogate markers of early carotid atherosclerosis in both sex. Second, in men, HDL- C and UA may be important risk of it.

The validity, stability, and utility of measuring uric acid in saliva.

Serum uric acid (UA) is associated with many health conditions, including kidney, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. We examined the validity and stability of salivary UA as a noninvasive measure of serum UA. Using serum and salivary UA data from healthy adults (n=99), we examined the UA serum-saliva correlation, and UA associations with adiponectin and C-reactive protein. Using longitudinal data from young adults (n=182), we examined salivary UA stability. We found robust positive serum-saliva correlations for UA. UA and adiponectin were inversely related in serum and saliva. Salivary UA was relatively stable; 62-66% of variance could be attributed to a latent trait-like component. Salivary UA may be an important biomarker indexing health and disease risk.

The Relationships of the Fractional Excretion of Uric Acid with Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Ankle Brachial Index in Chinese Young Adults

Background/Aims: Elevated serum uric acid (UA) was intimately correlated with vascular stiffness and abnormal ankle brachial index (ABI) in various populations. These correlations lost significance after adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), indicating that the association of UA and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) or ABI might be driven by kidney function. UA is predominantly eliminated through the kidneys, and metabolic disorders can influence the clearance of UA. In this study, we aimed to explore the putative correlation between FEUA and baPWV or ABI to determine to what extent the associations with UA were affected by renal function. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 2351 participants, who underwent general health screening in Hanzhong people’s hospital from March to June of 2017. BaPWV and ABI were measured using a volume-plethysmographic apparatus (BP-203RPEII; Nihon Colin, Tokyo, Japan). FEUA was divided into quartiles: Q1:FEUA≤3.07; Q2: 3.07<FEUA≤5.32; Q3: 5.32<FEUA≤9.19; and Q4: FEUA> 9.19. Results: Lower FEUA predicted a higher prevalence of high baPWV and low ABI (p for trend <0.001). The respective ORs for high baPWV from the first to the third quartiles of FEUA were 1.777(1.323, 2.387); 1.561(1.158, 2.104); and 1.680 (1.250, 2.259). The prevalence of low ABI was greatly elevated with the decrement of FEUA [ORs for the first to third FEUA quartiles were 6.977(2.062, 23.610); 5.123(1.475, 17.790); and 2.685(0.709, 10.171), respectively]. The association of FEUA and ABI was independent of related confounding factors. However, the association between FEUA and baPWV was greatly influenced by corresponding confounders, especially gender. The efficacy of FEUA in the prediction of low ABI was stronger than that of serum UA. However, serum UA was more powerful in the prediction of high baPWV. Conclusion: Kidney function exerted a profound influence on the relationship between UA and baPWV or ABI, revealing complex interactions among cardiovascular risk factors.

Role of Uric Acid in predicting Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: Recent epidemiologic studies provide evidence for hyperuricemia as a potential independent risk factor for the development of kidney disease as well as in its progression. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that Uric Acid (UA), may take on a direct pathogenic role in multiple diseases, including renal disease. Previous reports have indicated that patients with RA also have considerable incidence of renal disease. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the potential association of UA with renal dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 100 newly diagnosed cases of RA were included. Three ml of blood sample was collected from the patients, separated and stored at -20°C until analysis. Serum UA was estimated by the Uricase - Peroxidase method. Serum creatinine was measured by Jaffe’s method. Pearson's correlation and Spearman’s Rho were used for the correlation. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict the outcome variable in the patients. SPSS version 18 was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: A total of 97 RA patients were recruited, out of which, 55 were males and 42 were females. Mean age of the patients was 48.64±12.35 and BMI was 28.20±3.41. SUA and creatinine level was 8.0±1.38 mg/dl and 1.42±.81 respectively. The mean Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of the patients was 67.28± 28.05 ml/min/1.73 m2. Based on eGFR there were 23% with normal renal function, 31% had a mild renal impairment, 41% moderate renal impairment and 5% had a severe renal impairment. Linear regression model showed age and uric acid was strongly associated with eGFR (β = -0.324, P= 0.004; β= -0.472, P