Associations Of Phthalate Metabolites Research Articles

Association of phthalate metabolites with periodontitis: a population-based study

BackgroundWidespread exposure to phthalates may raise the probability of various diseases. However, the association of phthalate metabolites with periodontitis remains unclear.MethodsTotally 3402 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2014 cycles were enrolled in the cross-sectional investigation. We utilized weighted logistic regression to evaluate the association of ten phthalate metabolites with periodontitis. Restricted cubic spline analysis was applied to investigate potential nonlinear relationships.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of periodontitis in the study was 42.37%. A one standard deviation (SD) rise in log-transformed levels of mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypenty phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was associated with higher odds of periodontitis, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.08 (1.02-1.14), 1.07 (1.02-1.11), 1.10 (1.05-1.15), 1.05 (1.01-1.09), 1.09 (1.04-1.14), and 1.08 (1.03-1.13), respectively. Individuals with the highest quartile concentrations of MECPP, MnBP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MBzP were associated with 32%, 20%, 30%, 25%, and 26% increased odds of periodontitis, respectively, compared to those with the lowest quartile. Additionally, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) demonstrated an interesting inverted J-shaped relationship with periodontitis.ConclusionsThe findings indicate an association of certain phthalate metabolites with periodontitis among US adults.

180-LB: Associations of Phthalate Metabolites with Glycemic Parameters and Fetal Growth in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Pregnancies

Background: The risk of delivering a large for gestational age (LGA) infant is higher in pregnant individuals with T1D compared to individuals without diabetes, despite advances in managing T1D in pregnancy. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g., phthalates) can affect both glucose homeostasis and fetal growth. Objective: To estimate associations of urinary phthalate metabolite levels with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in pregnancy and birthweight. Methods: We analyzed urinary levels of 14 phthalate metabolites and derived trimester-specific CGM summary measures in 32 pregnant women with T1D. We estimated associations of log2-transformed urinary metabolite levels with continuous CGM outcomes and infant weight (GROW percentile) using linear regression, and estimated associations between metabolite levels and odds of LGA (GROW percentile ≥90) vs. AGA (<90) using logistic regression. Models were adjusted for maternal age and gestational week of study visit. Results: Participants were primarily white (85%), nulliparous (53%), with a mean age of 33 years, and 50% had LGA infants. Concentrations of mono-benzyl phthalate (mBzP) and mono-carboxy octyl phthalate (mCNP), were associated with glycemia in the 3rd trimester. Specifically, each doubling of mBzP and mCNP concentration was associated with 8.5 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.4, 15.6) and 8.9 mg/dL (-1.3, 19.0) higher average glucose, -6.0% (-10.9, -1.0) and -8.9% (-15.1, -2.7) less time spent in range (63-140mg/dL), and 5.9% (0.7, 11.2) and 7.4% (0.3, 14.5) more time spent above range (>140 mg/dL). Phthalates were not associated with continuous GROW percentile. Conclusion: Exposure to certain phthalates in later pregnancy may affect glycemic control in pregnant individuals with T1D. However, effects of phthalate exposure on birthweight are unclear. Future studies may disentangle the extent to which phthalate exposure and its effects on glycemic control may impact fetal growth. Disclosure E. V. Preston: None. F. M. Brown: Other Relationship; Dexcom, Inc. G. A. Hansbury: None. J. C. O'connell: None. D. Wolfs: None. J. Dreyfuss: None. S. Wolpowitz: None. Z. Wang: None. T. James-todd: None. E. M. Isganaitis: None. Funding National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

The association of phthalate metabolites with childhood waist circumference and abdominal obesity.

The detection rate of PAEs metabolites is common, and the exposure level of PAEs metabolites was associated with the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese students aged 7-10years. •The prevalence of childhood abdominal obesity had increased sharply from 4.9% in 1993 to 17.5% in 2014 in China. More than 80% of the Chinese children and adolescents have measurable level of several PAEs metabolites in the urine. Previous studies with limited sample had explored the association between DEHP metabolites exposure and childhood abdominal obesity risk, however, the association were inconsistent. •The detection rate of PAEs metabolites is common among Chinese children aged 7-10 years. Boys had higher concentrations of PAEs metabolites than girls (P < 0.05), except for monoethyl phthalate. Compared with the Q1 group of PAEs metabolites, the risk of childhood abdominal obesity increased to 429% and 273% for the Q4 group of monoethyl phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate, respectively.

Associations of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A Levels with Obesity in Children: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015 to 2017.

BackgroundPhthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are synthetic chemicals widely used in daily life. This study investigated urinary phthalate and BPA levels in Korean children and their associations with obesity. MethodsA total of 2,351 children aged 3 to 17 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015 to 2017 were included. Urinary dilution was corrected using covariate-adjusted standardization (CAS). We examined the geometric mean (GM) concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites, including di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (mono [2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl] phthalate, mono [2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl] phthalate, and mono [2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl] phthalate [MECPP]), mono-benzyl-phthalate (MBzP), mono (carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP), mono (carboxy-isononyl) phthalate (MCNP), mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and mono-n-butyl-phthalate (MnBP), and BPA. We also analyzed the odds ratio (OR) for obesity according to the quartiles of each analyte. ResultsThe urinary GM levels of DEHP metabolites and MnBP were notably higher among Korean children than among American, Canadian, and German children. The CAS-applied GM concentrations of most analytes, except for MBzP, MCOP, and MCNP, were higher in children aged 3 to 5 years than in those aged 6 to 17 years. The OR for obesity in the highest quartile of MECPP was significantly higher than in the lowest quartile after adjusting for covariates. However, the other phthalate metabolites and BPA were not significantly associated with obesity. ConclusionThe concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites and MnBP were higher in Korean children than in children in Western countries. Urinary MECPP exposure, but not other phthalates or BPA, showed a positive association with obesity in Korean children. Further studies are required to elucidate the causal relationships.

Association of Phthalate Exposure with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Homeostasis Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes.

Aims Phthalates, which are recognized environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are associated with thyroid hormone disruption. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of phthalate metabolites with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters in type 2 diabetes and to explore whether thyroid autoimmunity status and metformin, the most common antidiabetic drug, may influence such associations. Methods Concurrent urine and blood samples were collected from 639 participants with type 2 diabetes in the METAL (Environmental Pollutant Exposure and Metabolic Diseases in Shanghai) study. We measured urinary concentrations of thirteen phthalate metabolites along with serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 and T3, free T4 (FT4) and T3 (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Four parameters of thyroid homeostasis, including the sum activity of step-up deiodinases (SPINA-GD), thyroid secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), Jostel's TSH index (TSHI), and thyrotroph thyroid hormone resistance index (TTSI), were also calculated. Results Among all participants, after full adjustment, multivariable regression analysis showed that some urine phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with TSH, TSHI, and TTSI levels and positively associated with FT3, T3, SPINA-GD, and SPINA-GT levels. None of the urine phthalate metabolites exhibited a significant association with thyroid autoimmunity. The associations of phthalate metabolites with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters differed based on thyroid autoantibody and metformin treatment status. Conclusions Urinary phthalate metabolites may be associated with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters among participants with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, our present study suggested that thyroid autoantibody status and metformin treatment status are potential mediators of such associations.

Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and serum hormone levels in pre- and perimenopausal women from the Midlife Women's Health Study.

Phthalate exposure is associated with altered reproductive function, but little is known about associations between phthalate and hormone levels in midlife women. This cross-sectional analysis includes 45-54-year-old pre- and perimenopausal women from Baltimore, MD and its surrounding counties enrolled in the Midlife Women's Health Study (n=718). Serum and urine samples were collected from participants once a week for four consecutive weeks to span the menstrual cycle. Serum samples were assayed for estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and geometric means were calculated for each hormone across all four weeks. Urine samples were analyzed for nine phthalate metabolites from pools of one-to-four urine samples. Phthalate metabolite concentrations were specific gravity-adjusted and assessed as individual metabolites or as molar sums of metabolites from common parents (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites, ∑DEHP), exposure sources (plastic, ∑Plastics; personal care products, ∑PCP), biological activity (anti-androgenic, ∑AA), and sum of all metabolites (∑Phthalates). We used linear regression models to assess overall associations of phthalate metabolites with hormones, controlling for important demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. We also explored whether associations differed by menopause status, body mass index (BMI), and race/ethnicity. Most participants were non-Hispanic white (67%) or black (29%), college-educated (65%), employed (80%), and had somewhat higher mean urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations than other U.S. women. Overall, the following positive associations were observed between phthalate metabolites and hormones: ∑DEHP (%Δ: 4.9; 95%CI: 0.5, 9.6), ∑Plastics (%Δ: 5.1; 95%CI: 0.3, 10.0), and ∑AA (%Δ: 7.8; 95%CI: 2.3, 13.6) with estradiol; MiBP (%Δ: 6.6; 95%CI: 1.5, 12.1) with testosterone; ∑DEHP (%Δ: 8.3; 95%CI: 1.5, 15.6), ∑Plastics (%Δ: 9.8; 95%CI: 2.4, 17.7), MEP (%Δ: 4.6; 95%CI: 0.1, 9.2), ∑PCP (%Δ: 6.0; 95%CI: 0.2, 12.2), ∑Phthalates (%Δ: 9.0; 95%CI: 2.1, 16.5), and ∑AA (%Δ: 12.9; 95%CI: 4.4, 22.1) with progesterone; and MBP (%Δ: 8.5; 95%CI: 1.2, 16.3) and ∑AA (%Δ: 9.0; 95%CI: 1.3, 17.4) with AMH. Associations of phthalate metabolites with hormones differed by menopause status (strongest in premenopausal women for estradiol, progesterone, and FSH), BMI (strongest in obese women for progesterone), and race/ethnicity (strongest in non-Hispanic white women for estradiol and AMH). We found that phthalate metabolites were positively associated with several hormones in midlife women, and that some demographic and lifestyle characteristics modified these associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to corroborate these findings in more diverse midlife populations.

Phthalate exposure in association with the use of personal care products among general population from Shanghai.

Phthalates are used in a wide variety of personal care products (PCPs) as solubilizer, denaturant or color fixative. However, there are few studies referring the correlation between phthalate exposure and PCPs use among general population in China. In this study, ten metabolites of phthalates in spot urine samples (N = 500) were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The frequency and duration of 12 types of PCPs were collected by questionnaire survey. The associations of phthalate metabolites and PCPs use were assessed by multivariable liner regression models. Median concentration of mono-benzylphthalate (MBzP) was significantly higher among frequent users of almost all PCPs. Low molecular weight phthalates (monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP) and monoisobutylphthalate (MiBP)) were significantly lower among frequent user of some rinse-off PCPs (e.g., shampoo, facial cleanser, and body wash). Meanwhile, monoethylphthalate (MEP) was positive correlated with frequently use of facial moisturizer. Mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) and MBzP showed a significant positive association with frequently use of body lotion. Univariate linear analyses indicated a significant decreasing trend between urinary concentrations of MMP, MnBP, and the number of rinse-off PCPs being frequently used, and a significant increasing trend between urinary MBzP and the number of leave-on products being frequently used. These findings indicated that the use of some PCPs, especially leave-on PCPs, could be a potential source of exposure to some phthalates.

Association of Phthalate Metabolites With Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in NHANES

Association of Phthalate Metabolites With Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in NHANES