Association Of Nut Intake Research Articles

Association between nut consumption and prostate cancer risk in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies

AimsData on the association between nut consumption and prostate cancer risk are conflicting. Therefore, this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis aimed to summarize available findings from observational studies on the associations of nut intake with risk of total, advanced, non-advanced, and fatal prostate cancers. Data synthesisWe searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as well as Google Scholar using appropriate keywords to identify eligible articles up to September 2022. In total, 11 articles with a total sample size of 287,786 participants and 32,213 cases of prostate cancer were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. By comparing the highest and lowest intake of total nuts, pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for total, advanced, non-advanced, and fatal prostate cancers were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85–1.04, P = 0.22), 1.10 (95% CI: 0.98–1.24, P = 0.12), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–1.11, P = 0.69), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.79–1.18, P = 0.73), respectively, which indicated non-significant inverse associations for total, non-advanced, and fatal prostate cancers and a non-significant positive association for advanced prostate cancer. In the dose-response analyses, we found no evidence of a linear or non-linear association between total nut intake and prostate cancer risk. Data on other types of nuts, including walnut, tree nuts, peanut, and peanut butter, were not sufficient for performing a meta-analysis. ConclusionWe found no significant association between nut intake and risk of total, advanced, non-advanced, and fatal prostate cancer. Further studies are required to confirm our findings. Prospero registration codeCRD42022347094. Ethical approvalNot required.

Association of Total Nut, Tree Nut, Peanut, and Peanut Butter Consumption with Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Data on the association of nut intake with risk of cancer and its mortality are conflicting. Although previous meta-analyses summarized available findings in this regard, some limitations may distort their findings. Moreover, none of these meta-analyses examined the dose-response associations of total nut intake with the risk of specific cancers as well as associations between specific types of nuts and cancer mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize available findings on the associations of total nut (tree nuts and peanuts), tree nut (walnuts, pistachios, macadamia nuts, pecans, cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts), peanut (whole peanuts without considering peanut butter), and peanut butter consumption with risk of cancer and its mortality by considering the above-mentioned points. We searched the online databases until March 2020 to identify eligible articles. In total, 43 articles on cancer risk and 9 articles on cancer mortality were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The summary effect size (ES) for risk of cancer, comparing the highest with lowest intakes of total nuts, was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.92, P< 0.001, I2=58.1%; P< 0.01), indicating a significant inverse association. Such a significant inverse association was also seen for tree nut intake (pooled ES: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96, P< 0.01, I2=15.8%; P=0.28). Based on the dose-response analysis, a 5-g/d increase in total nut intake was associated with 3%, 6%, and 25% lower risks of overall, pancreatic, and colon cancers, respectively. In terms of cancer mortality, we found 13%, 18%, and 8% risk reductions with higher intakes of total nuts, tree nuts, and peanuts, respectively. In addition, a 5-g/d increase in total nut intake was associated with a 4% lower risk of cancer mortality. In conclusion, our findings support the protective association between total nut and tree nut intake and the risk of cancer and its mortality.

Association of nut intake with risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 16 countries from 5 continents: analysis from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study

The association of nuts with cardiovascular disease and deaths has been investigated mostly in Europe, the USA, and East Asia, with few data available from other regions of the world or from low- and middle-income countries. To assess the association of nuts with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study is a large multinational prospective cohort study of adults aged 35-70 y from 16 low-, middle-, and high-income countries on 5 continents. Nut intake (tree nuts and ground nuts) was measured at the baseline visit, using country-specific validated FFQs. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or major cardiovascular event [nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or heart failure]. We followed 124,329 participants (age=50.7 y, SD=10.2; 41.5% male) for a median of 9.5 y. We recorded 10,928 composite events [deaths (n=8,662) or major cardiovascular events (n=5,979)]. Higher nut intake (>120 g per wk compared with <30 g per mo) was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome of mortality or major cardiovascular event [multivariate HR (mvHR): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96; P-trend=0.0048]. Significant reductions in total (mvHR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.87; P-trend<0.0001), cardiovascular (mvHR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.92; P-trend=0.048), and noncardiovascular mortality (mvHR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96; P-trend=0.0046) with a trend to reduced cancer mortality (mvHR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.00; P-trend=0.081) were observed. No significant associations of nuts were seen with major CVD (mvHR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.02; P-trend=0.14), stroke (mvHR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.14; P-trend=0.76), or MI (mvHR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.04; P-trend=0.29). Higher nut intake was associated with lower mortality risk from both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Nut consumption and survival in stage III colon cancer patients: Results from CALGB 89803 (Alliance).

3517 Background: Recent prospective cohort studies suggest states of energy excess and hyperinsulinemia, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, sedentary lifestyle, Western pattern diet, increased dietary glycemic load, high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, and elevated plasma C-peptide are each associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (CC) recurrence and mortality. Conversely, observational studies indicate that increasing nut intake is associated with lower risk of T2D, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. However, the effect of nut intake on CC recurrence and survival is unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study of 826 patients with stage III CC who reported dietary intake with food frequency questionnaires while enrolled in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed associations of nut intake with cancer recurrence and mortality. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) defined as time from completion of dietary questionnaire following adjuvant therapy to cancer recurrence, death or last follow-up. Results: Compared to patients who abstained from nuts, those who consumed ≥ 2 servings of nuts per week had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.92; Ptrend = 0.03) for DFS and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74; Ptrend = 0.01) for overall survival (OS). On subgroup analysis, the significant association was confined to tree-nut intake: HR = 0.54 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.85; Ptrend = 0.04) for DFS and HR = 0.47 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.82; Ptrend= 0.04) for OS. There was no significant association between intake of peanut or peanut butter and patient outcome. Association of total nut intake with improved outcomes was maintained across other known or suspected predictors of recurrence and mortality, including across common genomic alterations (microsatellite instability, KRAS mutation, BRAF mutation, and PIK3CA mutation). Conclusions: Higher consumption of nuts may be associated with significantly reduced cancer recurrence and death in patients with stage III CC. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, Pfizer. Clinical trial information: NCT00003835.

Abstract P425: Frequency of Nut Consumption is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in a Very Large Community Cohort

Introduction: Consumption of nuts may improve lipids, insulin resistance and markers of inflammation, and increased nut intake has been associated with lower risk of coronary and cerebrovascular disease. However, an association between nut intake and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is less certain. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the association between dietary nut consumption and presence of PAD defined by ankle-brachial index (ABI) &lt;0.9 in a large community cohort. Methods: Over 3.5 million self-referred participants from 2003-2008 at &gt;20,000 US sites who completed a medical and lifestyle questionnaire were evaluated by screening ankle brachial indices &lt;0.9 for PAD. Subjects were asked about frequency of consumption of a serving of nuts (&lt;1x/month, 1x/month - 1x/week, 2-3x/week, 4-5x/week, and daily). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of PAD in different nut consumption categories. Results: Among 3,503,770 individuals, mean age was 63.6 ±10.6 years and 63% were female. The consumption of nuts ranged from 20% with &lt;1x/month consumption to 15% daily consumption (Figure). After adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and family history of vascular disease, there was a step-wise inverse association of nut intake with PAD (Figure). Compared to subjects with consumption of nuts &lt;1x/month, daily nut consumption was associated with a 23% lower odds of PAD (OR 0.774, 95% CI 0.761 - 0.787). Conclusions: We present data from a very large community cohort, in which nut consumption exhibited an inverse step-wise relationship with PAD prevalence after correction for established risk factors for atherosclerosis. These observations suggest the need for more rigorous testing for a role for nuts in PAD prevention.