Association Of Lean Body Mass Research Articles

Lean body mass positively associate with blood pressure in Chinese adults: the roles of ages and body fat distribution

BackgroundThe relationship between lean body mass (LBM) and blood pressure (BP) is controversial and limited. This study investigated the associations between LBM indexes and BP in adults of different ages and with varying body fat distribution.MethodsThe data for the present analysis was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 1,465 adults (50.7% males) aged 18–70 years conducted in Beijing, China. Regional LBM and fat distribution, including fat mass (FM) and android to gynoid fat ratio (AOI), were assessed using a dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer. Generalized Liner Model (GLM) was employed. Confounders, including age, sex, height, weight, smoking, and alcohol use, were evaluated through questionnaires and physical examinations.ResultsMales had higher rates of hypertension (11.19% vs. 4.92%) and prehypertension (21.57% vs. 14.59%) than females. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 122.04 mmHg and 76.68 mmHg. There were no significant associations between LBM and DBP (p > 0.05). However, arms LBM (β = 1.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 2.94) and trunk LBM (β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.73) were significantly associated with SBP. The association of LBM on DBP was stronger with increasing ages, and stronger in females than in males (p < 0.001). The association between adults’ arms LBM and SBP was stronger in the high level FM group (β = 2.74 vs. β = 1.30) and high level AOI group (β = 1.80 vs. β = 2.08).ConclusionThe influence of LBM on SBP increases with age, particularly after the age twenty years in females. For adults with high FM or high AOI, LBM in the arms, showed a stronger positive predictive association with SBP. This suggests that, in addition to controlling fat content, future efforts to improve cardiovascular health in adults should include the management of LBM (especially in the upper body).

Association between Body Composition and Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Cancer Patients from North China Taking Nab-Paclitaxel

Determine the association of lean body mass (LBM) on the incidence and severity of peripheral neurotoxicity in cancer patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone or combined with cisplatin or carboplatin. This prospective clinical study examined 32 cancer patients classified into a sarcopenia or non-sarcopenia group according to the Asian L3 vertebra skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) at Ordos Central Hospital (China) from December 2020–2021, to compare the incidence and severity of neurotoxicity and analizing the relationship between nab-paclitaxel dose per kg LBM and neurotoxicity. There were 18 patients (56.25%) in the sarcopenia group and 14 (43.75%) in the non-sarcopenia group. The incidences of peripheral and severe neurotoxicity were higher in the sarcopenia group (both P < 0.05). Patients in three different body surface area (BSA) groups received the same nab-paclitaxel dose (260 mg/m2 BSA). However, when patients were divided into three groups according to LBM, they received different doses (low-LBM: 15.18 mg/kg LBM, middle-LBM: 12.82 mg/kg LBM, and high-LBM: 11.14 mg/kg LBM). The incidence of grade-C or higher neurotoxicity of these three groups was 61.54% (8/13), 20.00% (1/5), and 11.11% (1/9). Sarcopenia and a higher dose of nab-paclitaxel per kg LBM were associated with peripheral and severe neurotoxicity. Chemotherapy dosing based on body composition may reduce neurotoxicity in patients receiving nab-paclitaxel. Registration number of Clinical Trial: ChiCTR2000040918.

Association of Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass With 1-Year Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure.

BackgroundPrior studies have found an unexplained inverse or U-shaped relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. However, little is known about the independent effects of each body component, i.e., lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM), on mortality.MethodsWe used data from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events-Prospective Heart Failure Study. LBM and FM were calculated using equations developed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. LBM and FM index, calculated by dividing LBM or FM in kilograms by the square of height in meters, were used for analysis. We used restricted cubic spline and Cox model to examine the association of LBM and FM index with 1-year all-cause mortality.ResultsAmong 4,305 patients, median (interquartile range) age was 67 (57–76) years, 37.7% were women. During the 1-year follow-up, 691 (16.1%) patients died. After adjustments, LBM index was inversely associated with mortality in a linear way (P-overall association < 0.01; P-non-linearity = 0.52), but no association between FM index and mortality was observed (P-overall association = 0.19). Compared with patients in the 1st quartile of the LBM index, those in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles had lower risk of death, with hazard ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.66–0.97), 0.65 (95% CI 0.52–0.83), and 0.61 (95% CI 0.45–0.82), respectively. In contrast, this association was not observed between FM index quartiles and mortality.ConclusionHigher LBM, not FM, was associated with lower 1-year mortality among HF patients.

A prospective cohort study on the association of lean body mass estimated by mid-upper arm muscle circumference with hypertension risk in Chinese residents.

The associations of lean body mass (LBM) with elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension were controversial, and the causalities have never been shown. Mid‐upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC), an easily obtained anthropometric measurement, could provide an accurate estimate for LBM. Therefore, a prospective cohort study in general Chinese residents aiming to find out the relationship between LBM estimated using MAMC and hypertension risk was performed. Eight thousand one hundred eighty‐five eligible participants were included in the baseline analysis, among whom 3442 were subsequently selected into cohort analysis. MAMC was calculated using mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST). Associations of MAMC with BP values and hypertension prevalence were estimated by linear and logistic regression models. Associations with hypertension incidence were estimated by COX regression models, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were given. Nonlinear relationship between MAMC and hypertension risk was estimated using restricted cubic spline method. Standardized coefficients of MUAC and TST were compared to estimate their strengths of associations with hypertension. Baseline analysis showed that after adjusted for confounders, the increase of systolic BP per standard deviation (SD) of MAMC were 1.97 mmHg (95%CI: 1.46, 2.48) and 1.63 mmHg (95%CI: 1.10, 2.16) respectively in men and women, and the increases of diastolic BP per SD were 1.58 mmHg (95%CI: 1.23, 1.92) and 1.08 mmHg (95%CI: 0.74, 1.42). Additionally, the association of MAMC with the prevalence of hypertension were also found in both men and women (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.26, 1.47 in men; OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.22, 1.44 in women). Cohort analysis showed that MAMC increased the risk of hypertension (HR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.19 for men; HR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.26 for women), and a trend of J‐shaped relationship was found. Additionally, the stronger associations of MUAC with both BP values and hypertension than that of TST were found in both baseline and cohort analyses. Findings in our study implied that we cannot neglect the capacity of LBM in predicting hypertension risk, and LBM estimates should be recommended in general health surveys or examinations.

Association of lean body mass to menopausal symptoms: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the association of lean body mass (LBM) to the development of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) as women transition through menopause.MethodsThis study is a secondary use of data available for public use from follow up visits six through 10 for participants in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. The study examined 2533 women, between the ages 42–52 years, each year over a10-year period. Data was modeled for associations of lean body mass and VMS. Changes in LBM since prior visit and since baseline were also modeled along with differences in means using binary logistic regression, adjusting for covariates.ResultsLBM was significantly associated to concurrent VMS (p = .036), percent change in LBM since prior visit (p = .003), percent change since baseline (p < .001), and overall means associations (p = .023). LBM was not significant for VMS at individual visit measures. In mixed regression modeling, time was significant (p < .0001) at all visits. The estimated probability of developing VMS decreases significantly as LBM increases.ConclusionsLean body mass is negatively associated with incident VMS. Our data suggests that maintaining higher levels of LBM during the menopausal transition may be protective against the development of VMS. Every woman will experience menopause in her life and the ability to potentially prevent the onset of specific symptoms through basic interventions, such as resistance training to increase lean body mass, may positively impact this large population.

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness but Not Carotid Artery Plaque in Healthy Individuals Is Linked to Lean Body Mass.

BackgroundLean body mass has been identified as a key determinant of left ventricular mass and wall thickness. However, the importance of lean body mass or other body‐size measures as normative determinants of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT), a widely used early indicator of atherosclerosis, has not been well established.Methods and ResultsCarotid artery ultrasound measurements of cIMT and carotid artery plaque burden (derived from plaque number and maximum size) and measurements of body size, including height, body mass index, weight, body fat proportion, and lean body mass ([1−body fat proportion]×weight), were recorded in 25 020 participants from 10 regions of China. Analyses were restricted to a healthy younger subset (n=6617) defined as never or long‐term ex‐regular smokers aged <60 years (mean age, 50) without previous ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension and with plasma non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <4 mmol/L. Among these 6617 participants, 86% were women (because most men smoked) and 9% had carotid artery plaque. In both women and men separately, lean body mass was strongly positively associated with cIMT, but was not associated with plaque burden: overall, each 10 kg higher lean body mass was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.03–0.04) mm higher cIMT (P=5×10−33). Fat mass, height, and other body‐size measures were more weakly associated with cIMT.ConclusionsThe strong association of lean body mass with cIMT, but not with plaque burden, in healthy adults suggests a normative relationship rather than reflecting atherosclerotic pathology. Common mechanisms may underlie the associations of lean body mass with cIMT and with nonatherosclerotic vascular traits.

Association of lean body mass with nutritional parameters and mortality in hemodialysis patients: A long-term follow-up clinical study.

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between lean body mass (LBM) and nutritional status in hemodialysis (HD) patients to better predict their long-term prognosis. Anthropometric body measurements and biochemical parameters were recorded from 222 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) at the Shanghai Pudong Hospital Hemodialysis Center. LBM was calculated using the serum creatinine index (LBM-SCR), mid-arm muscle circumference (LBM-MAMC), and dominant-arm hand-grip strength (LBM-HGS). Patient mortality and hospitalization were observed after 24 months. LBMs measured from LBM-SCR and LBM-MAMC were associated with sex, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, and serum creatinine (SCR) ( p < 0.05). Through three methods of LBM evaluation, low LBM was shown to be associated with a higher mortality in patients undergoing HD ( p < 0.05). In addition, the rate of hospitalization among these patients was significantly increased ( p < 0.05). Performing multivariate regression analysis using mortality and hospitalization as the dependent variable, we found LBM-SCR and LBM-HGS are strongly associated with hospitalization and mortality in HD patients, indicating LBM is an important factor in prediction of outcomes in those patients. LBM is associated with nutritional parameters in HD patients, and LBM-SCR, HGS, and MAMC are simple approaches for accurately predicting the patient's risk of hospitalization and/or death.

Lean Body Mass and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients and the Roles of Race and Ethnicity

Lean body mass (LBM) represents the "fat-free" muscle mass in hemodialysis (HD) patients and is an important nutritional measure. Previous studies have found that both higher LBM and body mass index (BMI) were related to greater survival in HD patients. Additional studies have shown differences in survival across racial-ethnic groups of HD patients. However, the association of LBM and mortality across racial-ethnic subgroups has not been examined. We hypothesize that racial differences in LBM affect the mortality in HD patients. Chronic HD patients from a large dialysis organization in the United States. Estimated LBM (eLBM), self-identified racial subgroups. 5-year survival. We examined the association between baseline eLBM and survival using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory measures. Associations were examined across subgroups of race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic) and BMI. The final cohort included 117,683 HD patients, who were 62±15 (mean±standard deviation) years old, 43% women and 59% with diabetes mellitus. Higher eLBM was linearly associated with lower mortality. Compared with the reference group (48.4-<50.5kg), patients with the lowest eLBM (<41.3kg) had a 1.4-fold higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.30-1.44) in the fully adjusted model. A similar linear association was seen among patients with BMI < 35kg/m(2) and in non-Hispanic whites and African American subgroups. However, higher eLBM was not associated with improved survival in Hispanic patients or patients with BMI ≥ 35kg/m(2). Potential residual confounding. Higher eLBM is associated with a lower mortality risk in HD patients, especially among non-Hispanic white and African American groups. Hispanic patients do not demonstrate a similar inverse relationship. The association between LBM and mortality among different racial groups of HD patients deserves additional study.

Association of lean body mass with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women

Aim of this study was to investigate the association of total and regional lean body mass (LBM) with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy obese and nonobese postmenopausal women. A total of 150 postmenopausal women (age 54 ± 7 years, BMI 29.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2) underwent a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic risk, including metabolic syndrome (MS). Body composition analysis was performed with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and multiple height-adjusted indices of total and regional LBM were evaluated. After controlling for age, diet, physical activity, and total fat mass, most indices of total, central, and peripheral LBM displayed significant positive correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Most associations were no longer significant after controlling for waist circumference, with the only exception of lean mass in the arms, which remained significantly associated with the presence and severity of MS (number of MS abnormalities), independently of central adiposity. A significant additive interaction was found between lean mass in the arms and waist circumference in increasing the prevalence of MS. LBM is unfavorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women. Whether LBM, especially in arms, is associated with cardiometabolic health independently of central fat distribution in postmenopausal women, merits further investigation.

Relationship of lean body mass with bone mass and bone mineral density in the general Korean population

We investigated association of lean body mass with bone mass (BM) and bone mineral density (BMD) according to gender and menopausal status in the general Korean population. Participants included 4,299 males and 5,226 females who were 20 years of age or older from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (2009-2010). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used for measurement of BMD and body composition. BMD was measured in the femur and lumbar spine. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was defined as the sum of the lean soft tissue masses for the arms and legs. Analysis was performed after categorizing participants into four groups (males <50 years, males ≥ 50 years, premenopausal females, and postmenopausal females). In males, the highest ASM was observed in the 20-29-year group and then showed a gradual decrease as age increased, and BM and BMD showed similar patterns of change, while in females, ASM, BMD, and BM reached the peak level in the 40-49-year group and then decreased. In multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, the results showed an independent association of ASM with an increase in BM and BMD (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, total fat mass showed a significant association with BM (P < 0.05). These aforementioned relationships were commonly observed on both femur and lumbar spine in every group. Lean body mass showed an independent association with increased BM and BMD, regardless of gender, age in men, and menopausal status in women.

Adipocyte-Specific FAK Deletion in Mice Leads to Insulin Resistance but Divergent Adipose Tissue Remodelling Under Lean and Obese Conditions

Insulin resistance and liver fat are both predictors of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth. Although lean body mass (LBM) is known to influence insulin resistance, the association of LBM with liver fat has received little attention in youth at risk of T2D. To investigate the association between insulin resistance and liver fat with LBM in youth at risk of T2D. 113 overweight and obese (97.1±3.1 BMI percentile) youth (15.3±1.7 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome measures were insulin resistance (measured by HOMA-IR), liver transaminases (ALT/AST), and liver fat (MRS measured). The primary exposure variable was LBM index [LBMI; lean body mass (kg)/height (m2)]. LBMI was positively associated with fat mass (r=0.56, p=0.0001) and visceral fat mass (r=0.39, p=0.0001). LBMI was negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (r=–0.28, p=0.006) and positively associated with AST (r=0.27, p=0.002), ALT (r=0.46, p=0.0001), and liver fat (r=0.28, p=0.002). Multiple linear regressions revealed that LBMI was associated with HOMA-IR (ß=0.216 SE 0.061, p=0.0006) and ALT (ß=1.557 SE 0.482, p=0.001) independently of age, sex, ethnicity, visceral fat mass and fitness level, but not with liver fat (p=0.186). These results suggest that LBMI contributes to insulin resistance and liver fat in youth at risk of T2D. Considering that liver fat is the strongest predictor of T2D in youth, LBMI should be considered in risk assessment in youth at high risk of T2D.