Assessment Paradigm Research Articles

ATTITUDE AND COMPETENCIES OF TEACHERS AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL REGARDING CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION IMPLEMENTATION

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) stands as a comprehensive assessment paradigm, aiming to appraise various facets of student development consistently throughout their academic journey. This research delves into the attitudes and proficiencies of secondary school teachers concerning the adoption and execution of CCE. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data collection extended across a spectrum of secondary school environments, capturing insights from teachers across diverse settings. The study sets out to unravel teachers' perceptions, confrontations, and preparedness regarding CCE integration, thereby unveiling the underlying determinants shaping their attitudes and competencies in this realm. The study seeks to analyze the perspectives of secondary school teachers regarding Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE), and secondly, to measure their competencies in implementing CCE. To facilitate data collection, the researcher devised two instruments: the Teacher Attitude Scale and the Teacher Competencies Scale. The present study is conducted in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh State. The total sample comprises 80 teachers employed in both government and private secondary schools. The findings anticipated from this research endeavor hold the potential to captivate the attention of policy framers, school administrative bodies, and stakeholders alike, prompting necessary actions to ensure the seamless operation of CCE within secondary educational institutions. In light of the findings, recommendations are proposed to address the impediments hindering the effective implementation of CCE. These findings underscore the recognition among teachers of the prospective benefits that CCE promises, albeit overshadowed by obstacles such as inadequate training, resource deficiency, and insufficient institutional support. Moreover, discernible disparities in attitudes and competencies among teachers emerge, delineated by factors like tenure, subject specialization, and pedagogical methodologies employed. KEYWORDS: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE), attitudes, competencies, pedagogical methodologies.

Streamlining Smart Grids Reliability Assessment: An Innovative Mapping Approach

Assessing smart grid reliability, considering both cyber and physical components, typically involves a mapping step, escalating complexity and computational overhead. This paper presents a pioneering mapping approach that redefines the fundamental paradigm of smart grid reliability assessment. By leveraging a defined interconnection matrix, the method optimizes computational efficiency, curtailing the array of potential system states. Evaluation employing key performance metrics - Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) - quantitatively demonstrates the superiority of our approach. Also, we explore the ramifications of integrating a dynamic thermal rating (DTR) in the process of reliability assessment, augmenting component safety through permissible enhancements in their ratings. Results underscore a notable reduction in total system states, from 221 to 214 for the bus topology and from 222 to 216 for the ring topology. Moreover, the analysis reveal substantial enhancements (Up to 43.58% ) in reliability indices upon consideration of the DTR system.

Multi-Scale Risk-Informed Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are prone to thermal runaway, which can potentially result in serious incidents. These challenges are more prominent in large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage system (Li-BESS) infrastructures. The conventional risk assessment method has a limited perspective, resulting in inadequately comprehensive evaluation outcomes, which impedes the provision of dependable technical support for the scientific appraisal of intricate large-scale Li-BESS systems. This study presents a novel Li-BESS-oriented multi-scale risk-informed comprehensive assessment framework, realizing the seamless transmission of assessment information across various scales. The findings from a previous smaller-scale analysis serve as inputs for a larger scale. The evaluation process of this method is more scientifically rigorous and yields more comprehensive results compared to assessment technologies just relying on a single perspective. By utilizing the proposed comprehensive assessment methodology, this study utilized the emergency power supply of nuclear power plants (NPPs) as an application scenario, demonstrating the complete implementation process of the framework and conducting a comprehensive assessment of Li-BESS feasibility as an emergency power source for NPPs. Our findings propose a novel paradigm for the comprehensive assessment of Li-BESS, which is expected to serve as a scientific foundation for decision-making and technical guidance in practical applications.

Development of an Indicator System for Evaluating Risks in Trekking Tourism

In today’s fast-paced and and high-stress society, trekking tourism is a leisure activity for stress relief and closer nature engagement. Given the adventurous nature inherent in trekking tourism, risk assessment is deemed both crucial and imperative. This study aims to develop a risk assessment framework for trekking tourism based on the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Initially, we conducted a literature review and expert interviews grounded in the Systems Theory of Accident Causation and the Human Factors Theory to establish the risk assessment paradigm specific to trekking tourism. Subsequently, we ascertained specific weights for each evaluation criterion and delineated explicit data sources for each operational indicator. The findings indicate that the formulated risk assessment system for trekking tourism is both scientifically grounded and practical, furnishing stakeholders in the tourism industry, organizational teams, and management authorities with an efficacious tool for evaluating the safety conditions of trekking tourism activities.

The Predictive Role of visual attention bias in aggressive driving decisions among violation-involved drivers on attitudes of right-of-way

This study, based on dual-process theory, explores the aggressive driving decision-making characteristics and cognitive processing of violation-involved drivers in right-of-way infringement scenarios. It aims to identify an eye-movement indicator that can predict drivers’ prosocial behaviors. The study recruited 75 drivers aged 19–58 years, who completed a video-based aggressive driving decision-making test and the Driver Attitudes of Right-of-way Questionnaire (DARQ). The results indicate that age moderates the relationship between violation history and visual attentional bias. Younger drivers with a history of violations exhibit an attentional bias towards aggressive words, whereas older drivers do not. After controlling for age, violation-involved drivers demonstrated a higher rate of aggressive decision-making, especially in situations with very short lane-change time headway. Visual attentional bias towards aggressive words can effectively predict positive emotions in attitudes towards the right-of-way. This suggests that early eye movement indicators during the driving decision-making process represent a form of socioemotional characteristic. The more positive the driver’s right-of-way attitude, the stronger their prosocial behavior and the weaker their intuitive impulsiveness during the early cognitive processing stages of driving decision-making. This indicates that the driving decision-making eye-movement assessment paradigm is an objective and effective method for evaluating drivers’ pro-sociality.

Momentary awareness of body sensations is associated with concurrent affective experience.

Affect is thought to be a low-dimensional representation of ongoing body activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that individual differences in the ability to objectively detect one's body activity are related to affective experience, particularly the experience of affective arousal. However, less is known about the role of subjective awareness of body sensations in affective experience, a facet of interoception that has been distinguished from objective detection on theoretical and empirical grounds. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence concerning how affective experience relates to the perception of body activity in the moment; that is, how awareness of sensations from the body may covary with affective and emotional experiences in real time. In the present studies, we examine within-person relationships between subjective awareness of body sensations and self-reported affect in real-world settings using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) paradigms. Across two EMA studies with international samples of adults, we found participants reported greater awareness of body sensations in moments where they also reported experiencing heightened arousal and more negatively valenced affect. In Study 1 (N = 109; data collected and analyzed 2022), we found that the associations held across a 4-week EMA protocol. In Study 2 (N = 116; data collected 2020, analyzed 2022), we also derived measures of affective valence from participants' freely generated descriptions of their ongoing thoughts, and we explored the consistency of this relationship with awareness of several individual body sensations (e.g., awareness of one's breathing, awareness of one's heart rate). We conclude that affective experience covaries moment to moment with subjective awareness of the body. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

IMAGINE Research of Transformational Assessment

In the context of studying human beings, at the macro level, assessment is the process of documenting, analyzing, and interpreting empirical data to provide evidence regarding an observable entity concerning humans that emerges cognitively, affectively, physically, metaphysically, and/or spiritually, and which is internal or external to the person or group being observed. In this article, we argue that assessment does not belong exclusively to either the qualitative or quantitative research tradition; rather, it is central to both traditions, as well as to mixed methods research. Moreover, in every research study— whether representing the qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods research tradition—some form of assessment is used. Further, assessment not only represents a social constructionist and/or a social constructivist act, but also, and even more importantly, it represents a political act. This article features a discussion about the systemic, historically disempowering nature of assessment that privileges an artificial and racist norm, and silences and punishes participants who become othered by traditional research and assessment paradigms.

초등학교 학생평가 정책에 대한 역사적 신제도주의 분석: 1999년 ~ 2024년을 중심으로

This study analyzed the evolution of elementary school student assessment policies from 1999, when performance assessment was introduced, through June 2024. It focused on structural, institutional, and actor contexts, dividing the analysis into three phases: the introduction of performance assessment, the abolition of summative assessment, and the development of assessment practices. Initially, both “path creation” and “path dependence” were observed, as performance assessments were introduced while traditional assessments persisted. In the abolition phase, process-oriented assessments marked a “fork in the path.” Finally, the development phase saw performance assessments becoming established, with new adaptive and customized assessments emerging, driven by edu tech companies. Although these changes haven’t led to institutional reforms yet, shifts in assessment paradigms were evident. The study recommends future policies consider the structural context and incorporate feedback from educators.

Purification Resistance Index: A new water quality assessment method toward drinking water production

Water quality assessment plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of clean and safe water. The Water Quality Index (WQI) model method has been developed to provide a basis for assessing water quality by integrating various water quality parameters. However, existing WQIs do not “actively” consider the difficulty of water treatment from raw water to specific water use scenarios. This study proposes a novel model framework, named as Purification Resistance Index (PRI), quantitatively evaluating not only the exceedance of pollutants but also how difficult they can be removed in the water treatment process. The framework is built based on the conventional drinking water treatment processes, with sub-indices for coagulation-sedimentation (rc), filtration (rf), disinfection (rd), and advanced treatment (ra). The model considers appropriate weights assigned to each sub-index to calculate the purification resistance, resulting in a comprehensive index for water quality evaluation. Case studies on nationwide and citywide water source reservoirs demonstrated the applicability of PRI approach. PRI breakthrough the traditional water quality risk assessment paradigm and extents to engineering region and provide useful tools for water source supervision, drinking water treatment plant planning and updating, operation control, and other purposes. Water authority, water utility and municipal design institute will all benefit. It is open for more localized practices validation and discussion.

MRI for Rectal Cancer: Updates and Controversies-AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Rectal MRI is a critical tool in the care of patients with rectal cancer, having established roles for primary staging, restaging, and surveillance. The comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic information provided by MRI helps to optimize treatment decision-making. However, challenges persist in the standardization and interpretation of rectal MRI, particularly in the context of rapidly evolving treatment paradigms, including growing acceptance of nonoperative management. In this AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review, we address recent advances and key areas of contention relating to the use of MRI for rectal cancer. Our objectives include: to discuss concepts regarding anatomic localization of rectal tumors; review the evolving rectal cancer treatment paradigm and implications for MRI assessment; discuss updates and controversies regarding rectal MRI for locoregional staging, restaging, and surveillance; review current rectal MRI acquisition protocols; and discuss challenges in homogenizing and optimizing acquisition parameters.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF KEY PHILOSOPHICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL RESEARCH ISSUES IN RELATION TO TEACHER’S PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECT OF ASSESSMENT ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE TO FIVE YEARS CHILDREN IN ENGLAND

The study critically analysed key philosophical, methodological, and ethical research issues related to teachers' perceptions of the effect of assessment on the cognitive development of three to five years of children in England. The study revealed philosophical issues such as tensions between positivist and interpretivist paradigms in understanding assessment’s impact and debates around the nature of childhood, learning, and development. Methodological issues such as challenges in measuring cognitive development in young children chosen methods’ potential impact on finding and interpretation. Ethical issues include concerns about labelling, stigma, and potential long-term consequences. Balancing accountability with development sensitivity and equity. The findings showed that teachers’ perceptions are influenced by philosophical beliefs, methodological approaches and ethical consideration.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0703/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Peningkatan Kemampuan Pola Pikir Growth Mindset pada Anak Sekolah

Education at MA Miftahuttholibin Timbang faces challenges in providing a stimulating learning environment, especially related to limited facilities, access to training for teachers, and the lack of information technology infrastructure. Apart from that, students also face learning motivation problems and a lack of understanding about growth mindset. This research aims to implement strategies to increase understanding and application of growth mindset among students. Socialization activities are carried out to educate students about the importance of a growth mindset. The focus is to synthesize students' understanding of this growth mindset and provide relevant practice. This material leads to monitoring personal goals and increasing understanding through the use of technology as an educational tool. Mentoring programs and changing the assessment paradigm from final results to the learning process are also implemented. The results show an increase in students' understanding and acceptance of the growth mindset. Students are more active in planning personal goals and evaluating their progress. The use of technology helps deepen students' understanding of this concept. Suggestions for strengthening technological infrastructure, holding training programs for teachers, and continuing mentoring programs are given to support the implementation of a growth mindset on an ongoing basis. It is hoped that with the strategies implemented, students can apply a growth mindset in everyday life and overcome learning obstacles. It is also hoped that the implementation of this strategy can become a guide for other educational institutions in strengthening the understanding and application of growth mindset among students.

Insect Pest Management and Environmental Risk.

Insect pests and insect pest management tactics impose risks to the environment. Environmental risk assessment is a formalized paradigm for the objective evaluation of risk in which assumptions and uncertainties are clearly presented. Therefore, a better understanding of the environmental risks and especially the comparative risks posed by insect pests and management tactics will improve integrated pest management. Risk assessments for insect pest management tactics are much more common for pesticides and genetically engineered crops than for biological control, cultural control, and semiochemicals. The reasons for this discrepancy include evidence of deleterious effects and data availability for pesticides and genetically engineered crops, public perceptions of tactics, and politics. Regardless of the regulatory oversight and frequency of risk assessments, all tactics should be subject to the risk assessment paradigm to assist in societal decisions.

Validation of behavioral measures of social cognition in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia, a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, manifests severe impairments in social cognition, notably in Theory of Mind (ToM), empathy, and emotion recognition, which significantly influence social competence and overall functioning. These aspects are crucial for prognosis in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ). This study validates a comics strip paradigm for ToM and empathy assessment, the Montreal Affective Voices (MAV) for measuring emotion recognition, and a Go-NoGo task for inhibition control estimation in individuals diagnosed with SZ, comparing their performance with healthy controls. SZ participants exhibited diminished abilities in the comics strip task, especially in ToM and empathy conditions, alongside challenges in identifying emotions from vocal cues in MAV. They responded slower and tended to be less accurate in the Go-NoGo task. The validated behavioral battery addresses the limitations of previous measures and emerges as a promising tool for future investigations into the neural systems underlying social cognition in schizophrenia. Such insights can lead to the development of long-needed treatment for negative symptoms and social dysfunctions in schizophrenia.

P20-23 Unlocking a new paradigm for pesticide toxicity assessment in India

P20-23 Unlocking a new paradigm for pesticide toxicity assessment in India

Digital twins for rapid in-situ qualification of part quality in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

This work concerns the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing process. Currently, LPBF parts are inspected post-process using such techniques as X-ray computed tomography, optical and scanning electron microscopy, among others. This empirical build-and-test approach for qualification of part quality is prohibitively expensive and cumbersome. To enable rapid and accurate in-situ qualification of LPBF part quality, in this work, we developed a physics and data-integrated digital twin approach. To demonstrate the approach, Inconel 718 parts of various shapes were manufactured under differing LPBF processing conditions. The process was continuously monitored using in-situ thermal and optical tomography imaging cameras. The part-scale thermal history was predicted using an experimentally validated computational thermal simulation. The simulation-derived thermal history and sensor signatures were used as inputs to a k-nearest neighbor machine learning model. The machine learning model was trained with ground truth porosity and microstructure data obtained from post-process characterization. The approach predicted the onset of porosity, meltpool depth, grain size, and microhardness with an accuracy exceeding 90 % (R2). This work thus takes a critical step towards realizing an in-situ Born Qualified part quality assessment paradigm in LPBF.

Quantitative assessment of human motion for health and rehabilitation: A novel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation approach

In the pursuit of advancing health and rehabilitation, the quintessence of human motion recognition technology has been underscored through its quantitative contributions to physical performance assessment. This research delineates the inception of a novel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation-based recognition method that stands at the forefront of such innovative endeavours. By synergistically fusing multi-sensor data and advanced classification algorithms, the proposed system offers a granular quantitative analysis with implications for health and fitness monitoring, particularly rehabilitation processes. Our methodological approach, grounded in the modal separation technique and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), effectively distills the motion acceleration component from raw accelerometer data, facilitating the extraction of intricate motion patterns. Quantitative analysis revealed that our integrated framework significantly amplifies the accuracy of motion recognition, achieving an overall recognition rate of 90.03 %, markedly surpassing conventional methods, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), which hovered around 80 %. Moreover, the system demonstrated an unprecedented accuracy of 97 % in discerning minor left-right swaying motions, showcasing its robustness in evaluating subtle movement nuances—a paramount feature for rehabilitation and patient monitoring. This marked precision in motion recognition heralds a new paradigm in health assessment, enabling objective and scalable analysis pertinent to individualized therapeutic interventions. The experimental evaluation accentuates the system's adeptness at navigating the dichotomy between complex, intense motions and finer, subtler movements with a high fidelity rate. It substantiates the method's utility in delivering sophisticated, data-driven insights for rehabilitation trajectory monitoring.

Impaired 40-Hz and intact hierarchical organization mode of auditory steady-state responses among individuals with clinical high-risk for psychosis

BackgroundImpaired gamma band oscillation, specifically 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) has been robustly found in schizophrenia, while there is relatively little evidence characterizing the ASSR before full-blown psychosis. ObjectiveTo characterize gamma-band ASSR in populations at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). MethodsOne hundred and seven CHR subjects and sixty-five healthy control (HC) subjects were included and completed clinical assessments, the ASSR paradigm of electroencephalography (EEG) and cognitive assessments. Both indices of event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertrial coherence (ITC) in response to 20-Hz, 30-Hz and 40-Hz click sounds were respectively qualified and compared between these two groups, as well as the relationship to clinical psychopathology and cognitive function was assessed. ResultsAt 40-Hz click sounds, ERSP in HC group (1.042 ± 0.047) was statistical significantly increased than that in CHR group (0.873 ± 0.036) (p = 0.005)；at 30-Hz, ERSP in HC group (0.536 ± 0.024) was increased than that in CHR group (0.483 ± 0.019), but the difference was trend statistical significance (p = 0.083)；at 20-Hz, ERSP in HC group (0.452 ± 0.017) was not different significantly from CHR group (0.418 ± 0.013) (p = 0.104).ERSP of the HC group was the highest at 40-Hz click sounds, followed by 30-Hz, and the lowest at 20-Hz. The difference between any two of the three ERSP showed statistical significance (30-Hz vs. 40-Hz: p < 0.001; 20-Hz vs. 40-Hz: p < 0.001；20-Hz vs. 30-Hz: p = 0.003). Similarly, ERSP of the CHR group was the highest at 40-Hz click sounds, followed by 30-Hz, and the lowest at 20-Hz. The difference between any two of these three ERSP showed statistical significance (30-Hz vs. 40-Hz: p < 0.001; 20-Hz vs. 40-Hz: p < 0.001；20-Hz vs. 30-Hz: p = 0.002).A statistically significant small positive correlation of 40-Hz ERSP with signal processing speed score was observed in the HC group (ρ = 0.27, p = 0.029). A statistically significant small negative correlation of 40-Hz ERSP with visual learning score was observed in the CHR group (ρ = −0.22, p = 0.023). ConclusionImpaired 40-Hz but undamaged hierarchical organization mode of auditory steady state presented in the CHR populations. Abnormal 40 Hz ASSR for CHR might be associated with cognitive functions, such as information processing speed and visual memory.

Re-thinking the current paradigm for clinical immunogenicity assessment: an update from the discussion in the European Bioanalysis Forum.

Immunogenicity regulatory guidance and industry recommendations have evolved over the last two decades since unexpected immune reactions were first reported with erythropoietin. Since then, the guidelines and practices for immunogenicity have stemmed from a reaction to a high-risk molecule causing significant clinical impact. Similar thinking is often applied to all biotherapeutic drugs, even when a well-defined risk assessment suggests otherwise. In recent years, the current testing paradigm for immunogenicity has been challenged with more informative approaches being proposed. In a Focus Workshop held by the European Bioanalysis Forum in September 2023, the current immunogenicity testing paradigm was challenged based on the experience and learning of 20+ years of immunogenicity strategies. The workshop recommendations proposed a new paradigm, challenging the value of multiple tiers depending on the immunogenicity risk assessment based on context of use and moving toward treating immunogenicity as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for the drug. Such rethinking ultimately results in the appropriate and efficient focusing of resources on immunogenicity testing strategies that benefit patients most, moving to a new paradigm where implementation of appropriate and truly informative immunogenicity testing strategies, depending on the context-of-use, become the norm .

A paradigm for the contextual safety assessment of agricultural microbes: a closer look at Klebsiella variicola

Adopting a risk assessment paradigm that is contextualized and strain-specific will be critical to enabling the continued development and safe use of microbes, particularly bacteria, in numerous industries and applications. An overly simplistic approach of labeling bacterial species as either harmful or beneficial is ill-suited for the complexities of their interactions with hosts and other microbes, where the lines between friend, foe, and innocent bystander are often unclear. Many such nuanced relationships have been described in human microbiome studies, illustrating the inherent challenges of defining bacterial safety. Any effective risk assessment framework must take into account bacterial niche and environment, fitness, host health, route and extent of exposure, and strain characterization. Klebsiella variicola, a diazotrophic soil bacterium isolated around the world, has been the subject of increasing interest on both environmental and clinical fronts, and has been used commercially as a biofertilizer on millions of farm acres. Here we review its population structure, relevance in clinical and environmental settings, and use as a biofertilizer in light of the risk assessment framework described.