Assessment Of Sexual Behavior Research Articles

Assessment of Sexual Behavior and Habits of Medical and Non-Medical Students

Abstract The aim of this study is the assessment of sexual behavior and habits of medical and non-medical students in Belgrade. The research is designed as cross-sectional study conducted in the period from November until January 2016/2017. An anonymous and standardized questionnaire from the “National Health Survey” research protocol was used and variables of interest were added. A total of 1268 randomly selected students participated, from higher education institutions in Belgrade (College for Health Studies “Milutin Milankovic, Medical College of applied sciences in Zemun, Belgrade, Business Academy and Faculty of Security Studies in Belgrade). Results: Respondents from both groups almost had sexual relations with the opposite sex, although 2.2% of students of medical profession and 1.7% of nonmedical profession had sexual relations with the same sex. Condoms are most often contraceptive measures used in both groups, (>40%). The most common reason for not using condom in both groups were partner's trust or reducing pleasure during intercourse (p<0.005 and p<0.851 respectively). Students of non-medical professions comparing to students of medical professions, on the second year of study (7.3% vs 5.5%), and on the third year of study (14.1% vs 2.4%) stated that the reason for not using a condom is the high cost. Conclusions: According to the obtained results, students of medical professions were prone to risky sexual behaviour, despite greater knowledge about reproductive health and risky sexual behaviors. There is a significant need for an evaluation of educational programs about sexual and reproductive health of students from all orientations.

Determination of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors of Turkish young women

ABSTRACT Risky sexual behaviors of young women cause significant reproductive health problems. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the sexual attitude and behavior characteristics of young women, their changes over the years, and the effects of information sources such as family, media, and friends, which play an effective role in bringing about changes in sexual behavior of young women. This study was planned to evaluate young women’s premarital sexual behaviors and related factors in Turkiye between 01.11.2021 and 01.05.2022. It is designed as a descriptive correlation study conducted with 1.430 young women studying at universities in 30 metropolitan cities in Turkiye. The study data were collected using the “Participant Information Form” and the “Premarital Risky Sexual Behavior Assessment Scale for Young Women.” This study showed that parents’ educational status and geographical region was related to the young women’s mean score and the subdimension score of the Premarital Sexual Behavior Assessment Scale for Young Women (PSAS-YW) (p < .001). Furthermore, young women’s top source of information about sexuality was internet media (80 percent, n = 1144), and the least source was their fathers (2.9 percent, n = 41). There is a relationship between where young women spend most of their lives, the geographical region where their families live, and the risk of sexual behavior. The study observed that the geographical region where young women’s parents live was effective in risky sexual behavior. While less risky sexual behavior was observed, primarily in the country’s east, this rate increased in the western parts. Furthermore, while it was determined that young people mainly acquire sexual information through the media-internet or friends, it was observed that the participants in this group had the highest rate of risky sexual behavior. The age variable explained only 2 percent of the change in risky sexual behavior, and there was a linear increase between the mother’s education level and the risky sexual behavior score of young women.

A neuroscience-based approach to the assessment of sexual behavior in animals.

Sexual behavior in animals is important in ensuring the continuity of the generation. These behaviors differ in animal species. Sexual behaviors are shaped under the control of the reproductive system. Physiological stimuli produced by the reproductive system find their counterparts in the organism as reproductive activity. Reproductive activity display a critical role by transferring on the genetic heritage of organisms to the next generations. This activity, which is built on delicate balances, is associated with many systems in the organism. Nervous system, hormonal system, and circulatory system are the main ones. The regular formation of the reproductive activity in species is due to the effect of various factors. In domestic mammals, the reproductive activity is regulated by hormones secreted from brain and endocrine glands. Many hormones have duties in terms of the sustainability of reproductive activity. GnRH is the main hormone responsible for initiating this reproductive activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is a small molecule peptide from certain nerve cells in the nucleus infundibularis region of the hypothalamus and consists of different amino acids, is secreted under the influence of smell, temperature, light, and physical stimulation. Besides, GnRH release is controlled by various neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin). On the other hand, various genetic factors in secretory glands, gonadal cells, reproductive tissues can lead to significant changes on reproductive activity through specific molecular pathways and mechanisms.

Associations of sexual behavioral aspects and sexual scripts among college students: A cross-sectional study.

Sexual scripts (SSs) are formed based on the gendered culture in societies. To evaluate the associations between the sexual behavioral aspects: capacity, motivation, performance, and SS amongst Iranian college students. From September to December 2020, we recruited 400 college students who were married, had no acute or chronic diseases, was no drug abuser, and were not pregnant at the time of the study. The demographic questionnaire, sexual behavior assessment, and SSs questionnaires were completed by all the participants. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression were used for data analysis. We also employed an independent t test to compare sexual behavior-related variables: sexual capacity, sexual performance, sexual motivation, and SSs in 2 female and male student groups. Men and women were significantly different in the component of sexual behaviors. Women had higher sexual motivation than men. The participants' SSs were positively correlated with all 3 components of sexual behaviors at a significant level of p 0.001. Of demographic characteristics, only women's age had a significant correlation with sexual capacity. For men, education level and economic status were positively correlated with all components of men's sexual behaviors. Sexual behaviors seem to be highly gendered, particularly, in the motivational component. Based on the results, SSs are more determinant than demographics. We recommend gender-sensitive and cultural-oriented sexuality educations for Iranians to provide fundamental changes in the SSs.

The Relation of Sexual Attitudes to Hypersexuality and Problematic Pornography Use.

Previous studies have shown that specific attitudes related to moral convictions can have an important role in the development and maintenance of problematic sexual behavior symptoms. However, although other types of attitudes, like sexual attitudes, are potentially highly relevant, they have not yet been studied in this role. We investigated how four dimensions of sexual attitudes: Permissiveness, Birth Control, Communion and Instrumentality, contribute to problematic pornography use (PPU) and hypersexual disorder (HD) symptoms, controlling for religiosity, sex, age and relationship status. The study was administered through an online questionnaire and based on a representative sample of n = 1036 (Mage = 43.28, SD = 14.21; 50.3% women) Polish adult citizens. When adjusting for other variables, higher sexual Permissiveness positively predicted HD and PPU among both men (HD: β = .26, p < .001; PPU: β = .22, p < .001) and women (HD: β = .44, p < .001; PPU: β = .26; p < .001). Sexual Instrumentality positively, although weakly, contributed to HD severity among men (β = .11, p < .05). Attitudes reflecting higher support for responsible sexuality (Birth Control subscale) negatively and weakly predicted HD among women (β = – .11, p < .05). Permissiveness was also the only sexual attitude dimension that consistently predicted a higher frequency of sexual activity among men and women. Based on the cutoff criteria proposed by the authors of the used screening instruments (≥ 53 points for the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory and ≥ 4 points for the Brief Pornography Screen), the prevalence of being at risk for HD was 10.0% (men: 11.4%, women: 8.7%) and for PPU was 17.8% (men: 26.8%, women: 9.1%). Our results point to a significant contribution of sexual attitudes to problematic sexual behavior symptoms, which was not encapsulated by the previously studied influence of religious beliefs, although most of the obtained relationships were relatively weak. Particularly, a consistent link between permissive attitudes and both HD and PPU among men and women may indicate that permissive attitudes can potentially contribute to the development and maintenance of problematic sexual behavior. The prevalence of being at risk for PPU (and to some degree HD) in the current representative sample was high. Such results raise questions about the appropriateness of the proposed cutoff criteria and the risk of overpathologizing normative sexual activity, if the cutoff thresholds are not tailored adequately. The results have implications for the assessment, diagnosis and theory of problematic sexual behavior.

A randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of counselor training and patient feedback on substance use disorder patients' sexual risk behavior

IntroductionHigh risk sex—such as sex with multiple partners, condomless sex, or transactional or commercial sex—is a risk factor in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). SUD treatment can reduce sexual risk behavior, but interventions to reduce such behavior in this context have not been consistently effective. This study sought to determine if the impact of treatment on sexual risk behavior can be increased. MethodsIn a nested 2 × 2 factorial repeated measures design, we examined outcomes of two interventions: training for counselors in talking to patients about sexual risk; and availability to both counselors and patients of a personalized feedback report based on patient self-report of sexual behavior. Counselors received either a brief, information-based, Basic Training, or a multi-session, skills-based Enhanced Training. Their patients completed an audio-assisted computerized assessment of sexual behavior and received either No Feedback or a Personalized Feedback Report (PFR). Four hundred seventy six patients participated. Patient follow-up occurred 3- and 6-months postbaseline. Primary patient outcome measures were Number of Unsafe Sex Occasions (USO) and whether patients reported talking about sex in counseling sessions (Discussed Sex), both in the past 90 days. Secondary outcomes included Number of Sexual Partners, Sex Under the Influence of Substances, and Perceived Condom Barriers. ResultsPatients of Enhanced-condition counselors compared to those of Basic-condition counselors were more likely to report talking about sex with their counselor at 6-month follow-up. Personalized feedback also increased the likelihood of reporting counselor discussions at 6-month follow-up. Neither the training nor the feedback condition affected USO, Number of Partners, or Sex Under the Influence. DiscussionWe discuss why these two interventions apparently altered counselor-patient communication about sexual risk behavior without affecting the behavior itself.

Balancing non-discriminatory donor selection and blood safety in the Netherlands: Evaluation of an individual risk assessment of sexual behavior.

To better balance the safety of the blood supply and the inclusion of men who have sex with men (MSM), further improvements are needed to the risk management strategy employed in the Netherlands to reduce transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). A gender-neutral individual risk assessment could provide a solution by determining donor eligibility based on sexual behaviors known to increase the risk of TTIs. Our objective is to estimate the proportion of blood donors that would be deferred by such an assessment, as well as their discomfort answering such questions. Two surveys were distributed in May 2020 to assess sexual behavior in blood donors in the last 4, 6, and 12 months, as well as their discomfort reporting such information. A combination of both surveys measured the extent to which discomfort was associated with reporting sexual behavior. A high-risk sexual behavior pattern was defined as having had multiple sexual partners and having engaged in anal sex, without consistent condom use. Of all 2177 participating whole blood donors, 0.8% report engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors over the last 4 months and would therefore be ineligible to donate. When accounting for the additional proportion of donors that reported such questions would stop them from donating, 2.0% and 3.2% of female and male donors, respectively, would be lost. Gender-neutral eligibility criteria based on high-risk sexual behaviors may reduce the overall number of eligible donors in the Netherlands, but could make blood donation more accessible to a broader group of donors.

Vince Mercer, The AIM restorative practice and harmful sexual behaviour assessment framework and practice guidance

Vince Mercer, The AIM restorative practice and harmful sexual behaviour assessment framework and practice guidance

Developmental nicotine exposure and masculinization of the rat preoptic area

Nicotine is a neuroteratogenic component of tobacco smoke, e-cigarettes, and other products and can exert sex-specific effects in the developing brain, likely mediated through sex hormones. Estradiol modulates expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rats, and plays critical roles in neurodevelopmental processes, including sexual differentiation of the brain. Here, we examined the effects of developmental nicotine exposure on the sexual differentiation of the preoptic area (POA), a brain region that normally displays robust structural sexual dimorphisms and controls adult mating behavior in rodents. Using a rat model of gestational exposure, developing pups were exposed to nicotine (2 mg/kg/day) via maternal osmotic minipump (subcutaneously, sc) throughout the critical window for brain sexual differentiation. At postnatal day (PND) 4, a subset of offspring was analyzed for epigenetic effects in the POA. At PND40, all offspring were gonadectomized, implanted with a testosterone-releasing capsule (sc), and assessed for male sexual behavior at PND60. Following sexual behavior assessment, the area of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the POA (SDN-POA) was measured using immunofluorescent staining techniques. In adults, normal sex differences in male sexual behavior and in the SDN-POA area were eliminated in nicotine-treated animals. Using novel analytical approaches to evaluate overall masculinization of the adult POA, we identified significant masculinization of the nicotine-treated female POA. In neonates (PND4), nicotine exposure induced trending alterations in methylation-dependent masculinizing gene expression and DNA methylation levels at sexually-dimorphic differentially methylated regions, suggesting that developmental nicotine exposure is capable of triggering masculinization of the rat POA via epigenetic mechanisms.

Assessment of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among adolescents in Shewarobit Town, Northeast, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Introductionadolescents are at high risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviours that could predispose them to several health problems. Cognizant of these facts, studies addressing the root causes for risky sexual behaviours in risk areas like Shewa Robit are mandatory. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess risky sexual behaviours and its determinants in Shewa Robit town, Northeast Ethiopia.Methodsan institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 349 students using quantitative and qualitative approaches. For the quantitative study, data entry and analysis was done by using Epidata-3.1 and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)-20, respectively. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with risky sexual practices. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for measuring the strength of association. Variables with P-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Collected data from the qualitative study was debriefed, categorized, coded and common themes were generated manually. Finally, the findings were triangulated with quantitative findings.Resultsa total of 338 respondents involved in the study. Overall, 168 (49.7%) of respondents have had risky sexual behaviour. Alcohol consumption (Adjusted odd ration (AOR)=5.01, 95%CI; 2.12-11.79), peer pressure (AOR=5.82, 95%CI; 2.97-11.41), grade level (AOR=5.82, 95%CI; 2.06-16.45), and family size (AOR=5.19, 95%CI; 2.24-12.01) were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviour.Conclusionrisky sexual behaviour in the study area was high. Several families and school-level factors were found to be major determinants of risky sexual behaviours. Public health interventions focusing on adolescent sexual health should be targeted to save those risky adolescents.

Sexual Expression, Policy, and Practices in Skilled Nursing Facilities: An Updated Assessment in the State of Kansas

Prior studies have reported barriers to meeting the sexual needs of older adults within skilled-nursing facilities, such as a lack of privacy, lack of supportive practices and policies, and judgement or discomfort on the part of the staff (Doll, 2013; Hajjar & Kamel, 2003). In 2008, Doll and colleagues assessed the scope of sexual behaviors, staff perceptions of and responses to such behaviors, and whether facilities had a sexual policy in place in SNFs in the state of Kansas (Doll, 2013). In the present study, an online survey was distributed to the same population to provide an updated assessment of sexual behaviors, policies, and practices. Of 60 survey respondents, 62.7% reported knowledge of individual sexual acts (e.g., masturbation) within the past year and 34.5% reported interactional (between two or more residents) sexual acts. When encountering a sexual event, staff were most likely to report the incident to an administrator (76.7%) and treat residents with respect (70.0%), while 35.0% and 41.7% were expected to respond with embarrassment and discomfort, respectively. Only 40% of administrators reported having a policy related to sexual expression. Findings indicate that staff are likely to respond differently to LGBTQ residents due to discomfort and those living with cognitive impairment due to concerns related to consent. The proportion of facilities in Kansas with policies related to sexual expression has increased from 26% to 40% in the past 12 years, but there remains a need for greater specificity of sexuality-related policies and trainings.

P.0247 Assessment of sexual behavior of taar2 and taar5 knockout mice

P.0247 Assessment of sexual behavior of taar2 and taar5 knockout mice

The Usefulness of Sexual Behaviour Assessment at the Beginning of Service to Predict the Suitability of Boars for Artificial Insemination.

Simple SummaryBoars producing ejaculates of high quality and shortest duration are particularly valuable; this aspect can be the primary factor in inbreeding development and improvement of swine utilization. It is important to develop objective ways to describe the sexual activity of various breeds of boars and its application and effectiveness in conducting artificial insemination. The results of this study indicate that the time from entering the arena until achieving an erection, which is assessed at the beginning of a boar’s breeding utilization, may be used to predict a boar’s future libido. There was an association between the level of libido and ejaculate characteristics. Boars requiring the most time to begin ejaculation produce ejaculates with a higher sperm concentration and number.Parameters of sexual activity were determined in 49 young boars used for artificial insemination, four times at three-month intervals. The parameters included the time from entering the arena until mounting the phantom; the time from mounting the phantom until achieving erection; the time from achieving full erection until the start of ejaculation; duration of ejaculation; and the number of times the boar mounted the phantom. Characteristics of the ejaculates were also assessed. The libido parameter associated with the greatest efficacy of artificial insemination was the effectiveness of artificial insemination service, the time from entering the arena until the start of ejaculation. The significance of this trait for predicting ejaculation performance was analysed. The libido characteristics were classified into three categories: boars with a short reaction time to the phantom, boars with an intermediate reaction time, and boars with a long reaction time. For these groups, the characteristics of ejaculates collected at the start of the period during which ejaculates were collected and after three, six and nine months were determined. The sexual experience of boars was not associated with the expression of sexual behaviour because young boars during their first three months of ejaculate collections required less time to initiate ejaculation. The ejaculates with the greatest utility were obtained after six months of service. These ejaculates had the largest volume (255.22 mL), and the most insemination doses could be prepared from these ejaculates. On average, more than 23 insemination doses were prepared from ejaculates collected after six months of semen collections, which is about four doses more than from ejaculates collected at the start of artificial insemination service (p < 0.01).The time from entering the arena to beginning ejaculation can be used to predict a boar’s future libido. A relationship was shown between the level of libido and ejaculate characteristics. The ejaculates of the boars which needed the longest time to begin ejaculation at the start of semen collections had the greatest sperm concentration and number. In group 3, the boars’ejaculates contained about 6–9 × 109 more sperm than the ejaculates of boars from group 1. After six months of the experimental period, the difference was nearly 15 × 109 sperm (p < 0.05), and after nine months, it exceeded 22 × 109 sperm (p < 0.01).

Measurement of the reproductive efficiency of Arabian stallions intended for AI in Algeria

The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive efficiency of Arabian stallions presented at CNIAAG and selected for an artificial insemination (AI) program. Ten Arabian stallions between 8 and 15 years of age were subjected to an analysis of the reproductive parameters. Assessment of sexual behaviour, testicular measurements and appreciation of semen quality collected with the help of artificial vagina was done. There was a significant correlation between the sexual behaviour, the spermatic parameters and the testicular parameters, especially between the number of mounts with the motility and the daily sperm ejaculated (DSP) (r=0.99). The testicular volume total and mounts was highly correlated to the average volume of ejaculate (73.33 ± 60.27 ml) and total Sperm concentration (billions) (r=0.99) which allowed us to produce 38 straws intended for the preservation. Based on the results, it is concluded that there is a positive correlation between (TSW) and motility, the various measurements of testis size were highly correlated with each other; and consequently to predict the fertility of the stallions from the testicular measurements.

Development and psychometric properties of a self-report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID-S).

This paper presents a description of the development and psychometric properties of a self-report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID-S). The study included 281 people with mild intellectual disabilities. The psychometric properties were examined through exploratory factorial analysis, descriptive statistics, and reliability indices. The exploratory factor analyses offered a structure with three factors: concern about the appropriateness of their sexual behaviour, sexual practices performed, and safe sex practices. The model presents an excellent fit (χ2 /df=1.10, RMSEA=0.019, CFI=0.997, TLI=0.995, and SRMR=0.065). General test reliability was good (α=0.77, Ω=0.76). SEBECOMID-S is a valid and reliable tool to obtain objective information about the sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities. The use of this instrument will make it possible to adjust their training to their real experiences, making it more effective.

Assessment of sexual behavior and neuromodulation of Cyperus esculentus L. and Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg dietary supplementation regulating the purinergic system in the cerebral cortex of L-NAME-challenged rats.

This study examined the behavioral responses, purinergic receptor densities, ectonucleotidases (E-NTPDase), adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) levels along with the parameters of oxidative stress-related to erectile function in the cerebral cortex (CC) of L-NAME-challenged rats pretreated with tigernut (TN) and walnut (WN) dietary supplementation. Wistar rats (male) of 70 total animals (250-300g) were used in this research and hence separated into seven groups (n=10): Group I: normal control-fed basal diet; Group II: positive control-fed basal diet/L-NAME/Sildenafil citrate (5mgkg-1 day-1 ); Group III: ED-induced (placed on a basal diet/L-NAME); Group IV: diet supplemented with processed TN (20%)/L-NAME; Group V: diet supplemented with raw TN (20%)/L-NAME; Group VI: diet supplemented with processed WN (20%)/L-NAME; and Group VII placed on a diet supplemented with raw WN (20%)/L-NAME. The rats were pretreated for 2weeks before the L-NAME (40mgkg-1 day-1 ) challenge on their respective diet. L-NAME brought about a decrease in the sexual behaviors evaluated while the effect was significantly reversed by supplemented diets containing TN and WN. L-NAME increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, E-NTPDase as well as ADA activities, and caused the level of NO in the CC as well as the purinoreceptor densities to be downregulated. Treatments with enriched diets, however, greatly reverse these effects. The behavioral responses and neuromodulatory capacity of the nuts displayed on the CC can, therefore, further support their aphrodisiac property. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results revealed the ability of tigernut (TN; Cyperus esculentus L.) and walnut (WN; Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg.) to enhance behavioral responses; modulate purinergic receptor densities, E-NTPDase, and ADA activities; increase NO levels; and prevent oxidative stress related to erectile function in the CC of L-NAME-challenged Wistar rats. The results show that these nuts are useful feeds for both animal and human nutrition.

Male rat sexual behavior: Insights from inter-copulatory intervals

The assessment of sexual behavior in male rats with the aim of unraveling underlying neurobiological mechanisms has in the recent decades been reduced to the annotation of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations. To provide a better understanding of the structure and patterns of copulation, it is necessary to extend and tailor the analysis to the natural organization of male rat copulation. This will lead to better formulation of hypotheses about neurobiological underpinnings of behavior. Mounts and intromissions are naturally organized in mount bouts consisting of one or more copulatory behaviors and are interspersed with time outs. We hypothesized that time outs and the post-ejaculatory interval (inter-copulatory intervals) are related and possibly under the control of a common copulatory inhibition mechanism that is the result of penile sensory stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed sexual behavior in male rats of three different cohorts from three different laboratories. Results showed that the post-ejaculatory interval and mean time out duration are strongly correlated in all cohorts analyzed. In addition, we showed that individual time out duration is at least partially predicted by the sum of sensory stimulation of copulatory components in the preceding mount bout, with more penile stimulation associated with longer time outs. These findings suggest that both time out and post-ejaculatory interval duration may be determined by the magnitude of sensory stimulation, which inhibits copulation. Whether the same neural pathways are involved in the central orchestration of both time outs and the post-ejaculatory interval should be subject to future studies.

Effect of Alpinia Officinarum Rhizome Extract on Fertility and Sexual Behavior of Adult Male Albino Rats Treated with Sotalol

Background: Infertility in cardiovascular patients is not only attributed to pathogenesis of the disease but, also to the used therapeutic drugs. Beta blockers which are corner stone in treatment of these patients are reported to affect fertility and sexual behavior in patients using them. Alpinia officinarum (A. officinarum) rhizome extracts are widely used for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to improve oxidative stress which affects organs due to using different drugs or pathogenesis of different diseases. Objective: The current work aimed to study effect of Alpinia officinarum rhizome extract on improving the reproductive function and sexual behavior of adult male Albino rat treated with Sotalol. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male Albino rats were categorized into five groups. Group I control, group II (A. officinarum group) received A. officinarum extract at a dose of 200mg/kg/day in olive oil orally by gastric tube for 21 days, group III (Sotalol group) received Sotalol at a dose of 3mg/kg/day orally by gastric tube for 21 days, group IV (protected group) received the extract then Sotalol and group V (treated group) received Sotalol then the extract. Then fifty adult female rats were used for assessment of sexual behavior through observing mount latency and frequency. Results: Sotalol induced testicular destruction in the form of shedding of germinal epithelium, hyaline deposition, decreased sperm count with decreased testosterone level, increased oxidative stress in the form of decreased Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and increased Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Deterioration of sexual behavior in the form of increased mount latency and decreased mount frequency was noticed in the Sotalol group. A. officinarum extract produced a great preservation of testicular structure and sexual behavior in the protected group (IV) together with improvement in the treated group (V). Conclusion: Sotalol induced destructive effects on the testicular structure, function and sexual behavior which were greatly improved by using A. officinarum extract.

The prevalence and determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour in people with acquired brain injury in nursing homes.

AimsEstablishing the prevalence of inappropriate sexual behaviour, concurrent challenging behaviours and the determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour among patients with acquired brain injury ≤65 years of age in Dutch nursing homes.DesignCross‐sectional, observational study in acquired brain injury special care units spreads throughout the country.MethodsNursing homes were recruited through the national expertise network for patients with severe acquired brain injury, regional brain injury teams and by searching the Internet. Patient characteristics were collected through digital questionnaires. Inappropriate sexual behaviour was assessed with the St. Andrews Sexual Behaviour Assessment, concurrent challenging behaviours with the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory‐Nursing Home Version and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, cognition with the Mini‐Mental State Examination and activities of daily living with the Disability Rating Scale. Psychotropic drug use was retrieved from the electronic prescription system. Associations between determinants and inappropriate sexual behaviour were examined using multilevel multivariate linear regression model analyses. Data collection started in June 2017 and ended in April 2019.ResultsOf the 118 included patients, 38.1% had one or more inappropriate sexual behaviours. Verbal comments (30.1%) and non‐contact behaviour (24.8%) were the most prevalent types of inappropriate sexual behaviour. Less severe behaviours were more common than more severe behaviours. The most frequent concurrent challenging behaviours were agitation, aggression and hyperactivity. Physical aggression was associated with more inappropriate sexual behaviour. Being married and pain were associated with less inappropriate sexual behaviour.ConclusionInappropriate sexual behaviour is prevalent in patients with acquired brain injury ≤65 years of age residing in nursing homes.ImpactInappropriate sexual behaviour may have impact not only on the patients themselves but also on nursing staff. Insight into the magnitude, severity, course and concurrent challenging behaviours, sexuality and quality of life could give direction to the kind of interventions and education that is needed. The ultimate goal is to develop appropriate care for this vulnerable group of patients, specifically psychosocial interventions and appropriate use of psychotropic drugs.

The Impact of Psychosis on Sexual Functioning: A Systematic Review

BackgroundSexual dysfunction among psychotic patients is highly prevalent. However, most research has focused on antipsychotic side effects on sexual functioning. AimTo provide evidence by means of a systematic review of the literature about the impact of psychosis on sexual functioning among unmedicated patients. MethodsSystematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies that reported sexual functioning among psychotic patients, who were drug-naïve or drug-free for at least 3 weeks before the study. Studies were published in English language between January 1994 and October 2019. We used the approach recommended by PRISMA, and the selection process was carried out by 2 reviewers. OutcomesThe outcome measures were sexual function and sexual dysfunctions. ResultsA total of 734 articles were obtained, 658 were obtained after duplicates were removed, 612 were excluded after reading the title and abstract, and 46 were included for a complete review of the articles. 5 papers were finally included. A total of 770 cases were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in psychosis varied from 16.8% to 70% and in ultra-high state was 50%. It is noteworthy that those ultra–high-risk (prodromal) patients who develop psychosis had higher rates of sexual impairment. Therefore, we found higher rates of sexual dysfunction among untreated patients, both psychotic and ultra-high risk patients, than healthy controls. Clinical ImplicationsThe assessment of sexual behavior should be a part of routine psychiatric examination not only in psychotic but also in ultra–high-risk patients. Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first systematic review about the impact of psychosis on sexual functioning among unmedicated patients. However, scarce and heterogeneous studies were identified. ConclusionsImpaired sexual functioning is common in the onset of psychosis (or during ultra–high-risk state) and prior to the beginning of treatment. This suggests that psychotic symptoms and sexual dysfunction may have common etiological pathways at the psychosocial and neurobiological levels.S Vargas-Cáceres, N Cera, P Nobre, et al. The Impact of Psychosis on Sexual Functioning: A Systematic Review. J Sex Med 2020;XX:XXX–XXX.