Assessment Of Physical Fitness Research Articles

Individual Intervention and Assessment of Students' Physical Fitness Based on the "Three Precision" Applet and Mixed Strategy Optimised CNN Networks

With the development of network technology and intelligent application platforms, the "Three Precision" applet as a method of individual intervention for students' physical fitness can not only enable students to obtain the improvement of physical fitness and lifelong sports habits, but also establish a new bridge of cooperation between home and school. The analysis method of student physical fitness individual intervention assessment is affected by a variety of factors such as the framework design of the WeChat applet platform and the subjectivity of the intervention, which leads to the inefficiency of the student physical fitness individual intervention assessment method. To address this problem, we analyse the mode and content of students' physical fitness individual intervention based on the "Three Precision" applet, extract the feature vectors of students' physical fitness individual intervention, construct a system of students' physical fitness individual intervention assessment indexes, and establish a method of students' physical fitness individual intervention assessment based on big data technology and WeChat applet by combining the mushroom propagation optimization algorithm and convolutional neural network. Individual intervention assessment method based on big data technology and WeChat applet. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by using the data recorded in the "Three Precision" applet as the input data of the model. The results show that the proposed method meets the real-time requirements and improves the prediction accuracy of the individual intervention assessment method, which significantly improves the efficiency of the individual intervention assessment of students' physical fitness.

Assessment of nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of school going adolescents (12–15 years) in Delhi

BackgroundAdolescence is a distinct period that is crucial for setting the foundation for long-term health.ObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity of adolescents.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study recruited 100 adolescents purposively. Information regarding general profile and lifestyle-related factors was collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data such as height, weight, BMI, and body fat% were collected using appropriate equipment. Physical fitness was assessed using a battery adapted from FITNESSGRAM® and PAQ-A assessed the physical activity. Dietary intake was analysed using a 2-day 24-hour dietary recall.ResultThe study revealed, 19% of the participants were overweight and 6% were obese. The majority (74%) were physically inactive and 15% had high body fat %. There was lower consumption of energy, carbohydrates, iron, and calcium, than the recommendations. Also, physical activity scores were negatively associated with macronutrient intake and trunk lift (strength and flexibility) [p < 0.05]. Data showed lower physical fitness scores. BMI and hand-grip strength was positively correlated [p < 0.05]. Push Ups (endurance) and Standing Broad Jump (power) showed a negative correlation with body fat%. Tennis ball throw and PACER (cardiorespiratory fitness) were positively associated with protein intake. A multiple regression analysis significantly showed that a unit increase in cell phone usage increases body fat% by 11.64 units. Standing broad jump increases by 38.6 cm and decreases with 28.76 cm with a unit increase in playing outside and tuitions timings respectively.ConclusionPoor nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity were reported among adolescents. It is imperative to plan intervention strategies to improve the overall health of adolescents.

Assessment Methods and their Effectiveness in Evaluating Physical Fitness in School Settings

Forming a vital contribution to the development of health conditions for individuals during school years, physical fitness tests and interventions in school environments are among such aspects. This general research article focuses on physical fitness assessment and brings together a humongous literature base. As sample of the study varied cohort from different contributors: from different schools, students , teachers and administrators. By means of stratified random sampling. The study begins with a baseline evaluation of fitness in the participants using both standardized tests recommended by Williams &amp; Lacy, as well as self-report surveys derived from Vanhees et al This preliminary phase acts exactly like how much physically active that samples are currently at this point during their lifetime. This study provides an overall view of the physical fitness tests and interventions that have been conducted in various school systems. To establish the pre and post-intervention performances of cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength flexibility as well body composition were measured using standardized fitness tests. Application of appropriate interventions led to significant improvements in various components of fitness. In addition, self-reported physical activity questionnaires and wearable activity tracker data offer insight into behavioral changes among participants observed via frequency duration and intensity levels. Collectively, the findings discussed above provide insight into assessment measures which promote physical fitness in students and puts light on implications for teachers, school administrators as well as research community.

Method for Incomplete and Imbalanced Data Based on Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations and Ensemble Learning.

The classification analysis of incomplete and imbalanced data is still a challenging task since these issues could negatively impact the training of classifiers, which were also found in our study on the physical fitness assessments of patients. And in fields such as healthcare, there are higher requirements for the accuracy of the generated imputation values. To train a high-performance classifier and pursue high accuracy, we attempted to resolve any potential negative impact by using a novel algorithmic approach based on the combination of multivariate imputation by chained equations and the ensemble learning method (MICEEN), which can solve the two problems simultaneously. We used multivariate imputation by chained equations to generate more accurate imputation values for the training set passed to ensemble learning to build a predictor. On the other hand, missing values were introduced into minority classes and used them to generate new samples belonging to the minority classes in order to balance the distribution of classes. On real-world datasets, we perform extensive experiments to assess our method and compare it to other state-of-the-art approaches. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated by experimental results for the benchmark datasets and self-collected datasets of physical fitness assessment of tumor patients with varying missing rates.

HEALTH STATUS, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND CORRELATES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN IN SOUTH ITALY

The inverse relationship between sedentary habits, physical fitness, self-perception, and enjoyment during physical activity (PA) has been widely demonstrated by international literature. Furthermore, according to recent epidemiological report, Italy is one of the European countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents. The present study aims to assess physical fitness levels, self-perception and enjoyment in a sample of 3676 primary school children (M = 1861, F = 1815, mean age = 9-10 years) attending the SBAM! project in Apulia, Southern Italy. The objective is to provide epidemiological data of the health status of children through the assessment of BMI Z-scores, physical fitness and factors related to the practice of PA. The following physical fitness test were proposed: standing long jump, (SLJ), shuttle run 10x4, (10x4), and 6 minutes walk test (6MWT), to assess lower limb explosive strength, agility and coordination, and aerobic endurance, respectively. Two validated questionnaires were used to assess self-perception and enjoyment. Results showed a large percentage of children that were overweight/obese or underweight, and a negative relation with physical fitness test and questionnaires. Moreover, normal weight sample had better motor performance, self-perception, and enjoyment during PA than underweight or overweight/obese groups. These results confirm the needs to promote and develop projects and institutional interventions aimed at enhancing physical activity and healthy lifestyles in Southern Italy.

Assessment of Physical Fitness among School Children Aged between 11 and 14 Years in Surat City: A Cross-sectional Evaluation

Background and Purpose: Physical fitness (PF) is a powerful health indicator in children. The study aimed to measure PF and to evaluate age and gender differences in PF in school children of Surat city aged between 11 and 14 years. Methodology: The tests adopted from the EUROFIT Fitness Test Battery were used to measure the components of PF among 872 school children. Initially, body composition (height and weight) of children was measured, and body mass index (BMI) was noted. A 20-m shuttle run test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, a hand-grip strength test to assess the strength of the hand muscles, a standing broad jump test to assess lower body explosive power, sit-ups in 30 s to evaluate abdominal muscular endurance, a sit-and-reach (SAR) test to assess flexibility, and a 10 × 5 m shuttle test to assess agility/speed were used. Results: Overall, boys performed better than girls for all the PF components except for the flexibility (SAR test), in which girls performed better. As the age increases, there would be an increase in body composition (BMI) along with increased performance on different PF components except VO2 max of 20-m shuttle run test. Conclusion: The present study concluded that a lower level of PF was noted among school children in comparison to the results of international studies, and girls are less physically fit than boys.

Physical Fitness and Risk of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents

With the rising prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents, identifying modifiable associations is critical. To examine the association between physical fitness and mental disorder risks. This nationwide cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Student Fitness Tests and National Health Insurance Research Databases from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into 2 cohorts targeting anxiety and depression (1 996 633 participants) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 1 920 596 participants). Participants were aged 10 to 11 years at study entry and followed up for at least 3 years, had a nearly equal gender distribution, and an average follow-up of 6 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to February 2024. Assessments of physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), muscular endurance (ME), muscular power (MP), and flexibility, measured through an 800-m run time, bent-leg curl-ups, standing broad jump, and sit-and-reach test, respectively. Kaplan-Meier method calculated the cumulative incidence of anxiety, depression, and ADHD across fitness quartiles. Additionally, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used that included all 4 fitness components and explored sex and income as modifiers. The anxiety and depression cohort had 1 996 633 participants (1 035 411 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years), while the ADHD cohort had 1 920 596 (975 568 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years). Cumulative incidence of mental disorders was lower among participants in better-performing fitness quartiles, suggesting a dose-dependent association. Gender-specific analyses, controlling for confounders, revealed that improved CF, indicated by a 30-second decrease in run times, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety, depression, and ADHD in female participants, and lower risks of anxiety and ADHD in male participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.94; P < .001; for male participants, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.94; P < .001). Enhanced ME, marked by an increase of 5 curl-ups per minute, was associated with decreased risks of depression and ADHD in female participants, and lower anxiety and ADHD risks in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97; P < .001; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97; P < .001). Improved MP, reflected by a 20-cm increase in jump distance, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety and ADHD in female participants and reduced anxiety, depression, and ADHD in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00; P = .04; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; P = .001). This study highlights the potential protective role of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and muscular power in preventing the onset of mental disorders. It warrants further investigation of the effectiveness of physical fitness programs as a preventive measure for mental disorders among children and adolescents.

Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Physical Education Classes Utilizing offline and Online Mobile Edge Computing

Convergence is occurring between the two fast-evolving domains of computing at the edge and artificial intelligence. The synergy between these two technologies seems like it may lead to even better results. In physical education (PE), neither students nor instructors are tied to a single place, and neither the curriculum nor the classes repeat themselves. That's why it's hard for conventional colleges to evaluate their PE courses accurately. This article uses an optimization model created for edge computing to improve the conventional way of assessing the efficacy of PE programs utilized by most schools. The goal of physical education programs in traditional schools is to improve students' overall health and well-being. Consequently, the ratio of final exam scores is given less weight in this teacher evaluation model than the proportion of students who fulfill the requirements for a physical fitness assessment. The study aimed to develop measures for evaluating the efficacy of kinesiology programs in two-year institutions. This approach enables continuous self-assessment of learning and provides immediate responses to teacher effectiveness. One method that might be utilized to fine-tune the setup is edge computing. Based on the findings of the experiments conducted, it seems that the PES designed for this research has the potential to gather student feedback and enhance the scholarly character of PE teaching objectives. The PES for use in inclusive universities presented in this study is a prime example of this. The edge-computation optimization strategy created for this architecture has the ability to decrease the network's transference amount of the total system by 20 percent while simultaneously improving efficiency by 15%.

Ensuring athlete physical fitness using Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in training environments

BACKGROUND: Sports have been a fundamental component of any culture and legacy for centuries. Athletes are widely regarded as a source of national pride, and their physical well-being is deemed to be of paramount significance. The attainment of optimal performance and injury prevention in athletes is contingent upon physical fitness. Technology integration has implemented Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) to augment the athletic training milieu. OBJECTIVE: The present study introduces an approach for assessing athlete physical fitness in training environments: the Internet of Things (IoT) and CPS-based Physical Fitness Evaluation Method (IoT-CPS-PFEM). METHODS: The IoT-CPS-PFEM employs a range of IoT-connected sensors and devices to observe and assess the physical fitness of athletes. The proposed methodology gathers information on diverse fitness parameters, including heart rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation. It employs machine learning algorithms to scrutinize and furnish feedback on the athlete’s physical fitness status. RESULTS: The simulation findings illustrate the efficacy of the proposed IoT-CPS-PFEM in identifying the physical fitness levels of athletes, with an average precision of 93%. The method under consideration aims to tackle the existing obstacles of conventional physical fitness assessment techniques, including imprecisions, time lags, and manual data-gathering requirements. The approach of IoT-CPS-PFEM provides the benefits of real-time monitoring, precision, and automation, thereby enhancing an athlete’s physical fitness and overall performance to a considerable extent. CONCLUSION: The research findings suggest that the implementation of IoT-CPS-PFEM can significantly impact the physical fitness of athletes and enhance the performance of the Indian sports industry in global competitions.

Exploring the validity and reliability of Active Motor Card: A Comprehensive Assessment of Gross Motor Development and Physical Fitness in Children Aged 6-9 Years

This research presents the Active Motor Card, an innovative evaluation instrument meticulously designed to comprehensively assess gross motor skills and physical fitness development in children aged 6-9 years. The study identifies the essential elements of motor development and physical fitness, highlighting the need for tailored assessments within this age group. The research delineates the process of development, encompassing an extensive review of existing literature, formulation of hypothetical tests, evaluation of content validity, empirical validation, and reliability assessment. The resultant Active Motor Card is validated by experts, thereby demonstrating its alignment with the target population's characteristics. Furthermore, the Gregory Analysis corroborates the appropriateness of each test item, indicating their level of difficulty or ease and their conformity with the expected characteristics of children aged 6-9. The reliability test, utilizing the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, affirms the consistency of the assessment. This product, designed for utilization in various settings, holds great potential as an effective instrument for monitoring children's motor skills and physical fitness, thereby making a positive contribution to the domains of physical education and sports. Further research is advisable to explore additional dimensions and enhance the assessment's validity, complexity, and representativeness across diverse populations. Keywords: Active Motor Card, gross motor development, physical fitness, children aged 6-9 years.

Nutritional and physical fitness status of school children among major ethnic and Dalit populations, Rajshahi, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

PurposeThis study aims to assess the nutritional status and physical fitness status of school children among major ethnic and Dalit populations, in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through structured questionnaires administered to mothers or caregivers of the children, followed by physical fitness assessments. Anthropometric indicators were used to evaluate nutritional status, including body mass index-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height, based on Centre for Disease Control guidelines. Physical fitness was assessed through tests for flexibility, abdominal, muscular, speed, and lower limb strength. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.FindingsApproximately 45% of boys and 55% of girls had normal nutritional status. However, the study also identified varying percentages of children with stunted, underweight, wasted, and mixed nutritional issues, highlighting the prevalence of malnutrition among this population. Boys consistently outperformed girls in terms of physical fitness across all age groups, with 84% to 90% of boys meeting established fitness criteria. Girls face a 1.8-fold and 2.2-fold increased risk of wasted and underweight conditions compared to boys. Lower-income group children exhibit a 2.6-fold and 1.6-fold increased risk of wasted conditions and underweight conditions. Children consuming meals twice a day have a 2.1-fold and 2.5-fold elevated risk of wasted and underweight conditions compared to others.Originality/valueThis study highlights the need for interventions and strategies to improve the nutritional and health status of ethnic children in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, considering their diverse dietary habits and lifestyles. By addressing these issues, the authors can empower these communities to actively contribute to the social and economic development of the region.

Relationships between physical fitness characteristics, technical skill attributes, and sports injury in female Australian football players.

To explore the relationships between physical fitness and i) technical skills and ii) time-loss from Australian football injury in female players across the talent and participation pathways. This study uses a subset of data from two cross-sectional and one prospective cohort studies. A total of 223 female Australian football players across five competition levels (elite/non-elite senior, high-level junior, and non-elite junior (14-17 years)/(10-13 years)) were included in this study. Comprehensive physical fitness assessments and modified Australian football kicking and handballing tests were conducted in the 2018/19 pre-seasons. During the respective competitive in-season, time-loss injuries were recorded by team personnel. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed to determine the relationship between physical fitness and kicking and handballing scores. Cox proportional regressions were conducted to identify physical fitness factors associated with injury. Increased running vertical jump height, greater hip abduction strength, and faster timed 6 m hop speed demonstrated a relationship with kicking accuracy when adjusted for years of Australian football playing experience (adjusted R2 = 0.522, p < 0.001). Faster agility time and increased lean mass were associated with better handballing accuracy (adjusted R2 = 0.221, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression revealed an increased risk for sustaining a time-loss injury in less agile players (adjusted HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.23, 4.73, p = 0.010). However, this relationship no longer remained when adjusted for age and years of Australian football experience (adjusted HR 1.68, 95% CI 0.81, 3.50, p = 0.166). Physical fitness may be a significant factor contributing to development of Australian football technical skills in female players. However, its role is unclear in protecting against injury risk in this athlete population. Further research is needed to explore the multifactorial and complex phenomenon of talent development and injury risk reduction in female Australian football players.

Validity and Reliability of a Telehealth Physical Fitness and Functional Assessment Battery for Ambulatory Youth With and Without Mobility Disabilities: Observational Measurement Study.

Youth (age 15-24 years) with and without disability are not adequately represented enough in exercise research due to a lack of time and transportation. These barriers can be overcome by including accessible web-based assessments that eliminate the need for on-site visitations. There is no simple, low-cost, and psychometrically sound compilation of measures for physical fitness and function that can be applied to youth with and without mobility disabilities. The first purpose was to determine the statistical level of agreement of 4 web-modified clinical assessments with how they are typically conducted in person at a laboratory (convergent validity). The second purpose was to determine the level of agreement between a novice and an expert rater (interrater reliability). The third purpose was to explore the feasibility of implementing the assessments via 2 metrics: safety and duration. The study enrolled 19 ambulatory youth: 9 (47%) with cerebral palsy with various mobility disabilities from a children's hospital and 10 (53%) without disabilities from a university student population. Participants performed a battery of tests via videoconferencing and in person. The test condition (teleassessment and in person) order was randomized. The battery consisted of the hand grip strength test with a dynamometer, the five times sit-to-stand test (FTST), the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) either around a standard circular track (in person) or around a smaller home-modified track (teleassessment version, home-modified 6-minute walk test [HM6MWT]). Statistical analyses included descriptive data, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots. The mean time to complete the in-person assessment was 16.9 (SD 4.8) minutes and the teleassessment was 21.1 (SD 5.9) minutes. No falls, injuries, or adverse events occurred. Excellent convergent validity was shown for telemeasured hand grip strength (right ICC=0.96, left ICC=0.98, P<.001) and the TUG test (ICC=0.92, P=.01). The FTST demonstrated good agreement (ICC=0.95, 95% CI 0.79-0.98; P=.01). The HM6MWT demonstrated poor absolute agreement with the 6MWT. However, further exploratory analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the tests (r=0.83, P<.001). The interrater reliability was excellent for all tests (all ICCs>0.9, P<.05). This study suggests that videoconference assessments are convenient and useful measures of fitness and function among youth with and without disabilities. This paper presents operationalized teleassessment procedures that can be replicated by health professionals to produce valid and reliable measurements. This study is a first step toward developing teleassessments that can bypass the need for on-site data collection visitations for this age group. Further research is needed to identify psychometrically sound teleassessment procedures, particularly for measures of cardiorespiratory endurance or walking ability.

Health-related physical fitness, physical activity and its correlates among school going adolescents in hilly state in north India: a cross sectional survey

IntroductionHealth-related physical fitness, which includes body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, and strength are associated with risks of chronic diseases and promote good health and wellness. There have been reports of increasing levels of physical inactivity among children and adolescents, leading to increasing rates of obesity and decreased physical fitness. The present study was conducted among school going adolescents to estimate the levels and correlates of PF for timely intervention.MethodologySchool based cross-sectional study was done among students of class 8-11th in Government schools of Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. Multistage stratified random sampling was applied for recruitment of study participants. We recruited a final sample size of 634 students. Validated questionnaires and standard methods for assessment of physical fitness, physical activity levels and other variables such as waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI and hemoglobin estimation were done.ResultsAverage and above average cardiorespiratory fitness score as per Harvard step test among boys (54.3%) was significantly higher as compared to girls (21.3%) (χ2 = 88.93, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between gender and dominant handgrip strength (χ2 = 8.02, p = 0.01) as well as between gender and Shoulder stretch test (SST) of dominant (χ2 = 17.5, p < 0.05) as well as nondominant arm (χ2 = 13.5, p < 0.05). Sit and reach test results also showed a significant association with gender (χ2 = 27.17, p < 0.001). Gender, hemoglobin level, BMI and PAL scores significantly predicted cardiorespiratory fitness scores (R2 = 0.188, F value of the model = 37.69, p =< 0.001)).ConclusionPhysical fitness of school going adolescents in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand was better than other parts of India, with significant gender differences. Physical activity levels (PAL) were poor and are also a significant predictor of physical fitness. More emphasis needs to be paid on the health and fitness of girl students. School based policies to increase PAL among students through innovation and rewards may go a long way in improving the long-term health of the students.

Assessment of children's physical fitness and school health in the province of San Luis, Argentina.

Introduction. The assessment of physical fitness (PF), is useful strategy to know the current status of schoolchildren. Our primary objective was to measure the current health status and PF levels of schoolchildren in San Luis and to develop PF reference tables. Population and methods. Schoolchildren aged 9 to 12 years (boys and girls) were assessed based on 2 health indicators: body mass index and blood pressure. PF was measured using the ALPHA-Fitness test battery. Blood pressure, body mass, height, foot and hand length, standing long jump, 30 m sprint, 4 × 10 m agility test, and 20 m shuttle run test were assessed. The body mass index (BMI) and biological maturation were estimated. Results. A total of 15 548 schoolchildren were assessed. Average systolic blood pressure was 101 ± 10 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure, 66 ± 7 mmHg; BMI: 20.2 ± 4.3 kg/m 2 . Average PF was, in the cardiorespiratory component, VO2 max.: 39.87 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min and speed reached during the 20 m shuttle run test: 8.9 ± 0.6 km/h; in the musculoskeletal component, standing long jump: 120.6 ± 23.9 cm, 30 m sprint: 6.56 ± 0.85 s, 4 × 10 m agility test: 15.17 ± 1.82 s. The performance was better in the boys group (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Blood pressure was normal. Fifty percent of the sample was overweight or obese as per their BMI. Both boys and girls showed low PF levels. PF reference tables for schoolchildren from San Luis were developed for the first time.

Predictive Model of the Risk of Fall Based on Physical Fitness Assessment in Older Adults

Falls occurring during activities of daily living pose a major threat and are the third most common cause of death in seniors. In clinical evaluations, mostly single tests are used to assess the risk of fall. However, a complex set of tests would lead to a more comprehensive assessment of the risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model of the risk of falls in older adults aimed to prevent injuries. This study involved 159 older adults (≥65, 77% women) who underwent laboratory testing consisting of questionnaires, physical tests and basic anthropometric data measurement. The data were processed by a statistical method of regression analysis, the Classification and Regression Tree. Based on the analysis a predictive model of the risk of fall for older adults was created. The most important variables for the predictive model were total % of body fat mass, Timed Up and Go Test and 2 minutes walking test. Based on the predictive model, we can design a targeted intervention program for elderly adults to prevent risk of falling, promoting well-being and increase quality of their life.

Current practices in physical fitness assessment and monitoring among coaches of individual and team sports: a survey in Portugal, Spain, and Romania

Current practices in physical fitness assessment and monitoring among coaches of individual and team sports: a survey in Portugal, Spain, and Romania

Implementasi permainan tradisional lombok dalam meningkatkan kebugaran fisik

The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of traditional Lombok games in improving physical fitness in grade V elementary school students. This study used a quasi experimental design (pretest and posttest) research method, the research design used was a pre one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling. The number of samples used in this study were 33 fifth grade students with an age of 10 years. This research instrument uses TKJI before and after implementation. The results of the pretest physical fitness assessment average value of 12 with a physical fitness category of less, while the posttest average value of 17 with a moderate physical fitness category, the results of data analysis from the study showed the output of the independent samples test, obtained a value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 &lt;0.05. So the traditional Lombok game for grade V students aged 10 years has significant implementation benefits. Based on these results, it is concluded that it can show the importance of the implementation of traditional Lombok games which can provide benefits to improve proper physical fitness in later life.

Virtual Reality-Based Cooperative Learning in Physical Education: Ways to Improve Physical Performance and Motivation of Students

This article aims to explore the potential benefits of a virtual reality platform in cooperative learning. The study involved 48 freshman students in the table tennis class of Xinxiang Medical University. They were divided into control groups (M = 19.48, SD = 0.37) and experimental groups (M = 19.68, SD = 0.51). The Holofit platform and the model of cooperative learning principles served as an influence. The research utilized the Chinese Sport Motivation Scale-II (CSMS-II) and five physical fitness assessment tests as primary instruments. Following the intervention, a discernible reduction of 2.08 in mean scores within the amotivation subscale was observed in contrast to the pre-test. Conversely, positive shifts were noted in external regulation (1.88), introjected regulation (2.20), identified regulation (1.28), integrated regulation (1.48), and intrinsic motivation (1.96) subscales. Intragroup analyses, comparing pre-and post-test results, unveiled significant improvements in physical fitness indicators over six months for both the intervention and control groups. However, upon intergroup comparisons, it was discerned that the intervention failed to yield a statistically significant enhancement in physical performance in comparison to the traditional approach. Statistically significant distinctions were evident between the intervention and control groups across all CSMS-II subscales, signifying a demonstrable positive influence of cooperative learning and virtual reality on motivation for sports participation.

Assessing Intense Physical Activity Among Smokers Via Using Smart Watch an Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various health conditions, particularly affecting cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Despite extensive research, the impact of smoking on physical performance during intense activity remains inadequately explored. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by examining the effects of smoking on physical activity and cardiovascular responses. Objective: The primary goal of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on intense physical activity, specifically focusing on differences in heart rate (HR) responses and physical endurance between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 participants (15 smokers and 15 non-smokers) were recruited. The study employed the Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) test, the Balke treadmill protocol, and the Ekblom-Bak test to evaluate physical performance. Heart rates were monitored using Garmin Vivismar4 smartwatches. Statistical analyses, including T-tests, were performed to compare the results between the two groups. Results: Smokers demonstrated a significantly lower distance covered in the 6MWD (0.22 ± 0.05 km) compared to non-smokers (0.26 ± 0.06 km). In the Balke treadmill and Ekblom-Bak tests, smokers showed a lower HR (94.8 ± 22.3 bpm and 94.6 ± 28.1 bpm, respectively) compared to non-smokers (143.2 ± 27.0 bpm and 139.9 ± 25.1 bpm). The findings suggest a compromised cardiovascular response and physical endurance in smokers. Conclusion: The study concludes that smoking adversely affects physical endurance and cardiovascular response during intense physical activity. These findings underscore the importance of considering smoking status in the assessment of physical fitness and highlight the need for further research on the long-term health implications of smoking.