Assessment Of Nutritional Status Research Articles

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits of Patients with Leukaemia in District Peshawar

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits of Patients with Leukaemia in District Peshawar

Assessment of Nutritional status, Anthropometry and Sleep patterns of the Obese patients during pre and post COVID-19 Illness

Background and aimsUntil COVID-19, obesity was the main pandemic of 21 century. To date, there have been 767984989 confirmed cases, and 6943390 include death cases of COVID-19 (WHO). To find the prevalence of Obesity among adults, to adjudge the attitude and behavior of selected subjects towards eating healthy and weight loss during pre- and post-COVID-19. MethodologySubject selection was done through non-probability judgemental sampling. Initially, 70 young adults between 18 - 39 years of age were selected from different localities of Delhi (NCR). The study was conducted based on a questionnaire developed for the survey. Based on the inclusion criteria only 50 subjects were selected for further study. The study was constructed into three phases and the arrangement of subjects was elaborated as under. Phase 1 includes field study, clinical examination, and biochemical analysis, phase II includes the division of experimental and control groups, whereas Phase III includes the pre& post-COVID nutritional status, anthropometric assessment, beverage consumption, and sleep patterns were also assessed. ResultThe nutrition intervention in E3 (balanced diet + nutrient supplement) showed a significant difference with the control group followed by E2 (nutrient supplement) and E1 (balanced diet). Our findings showed that the subjects have Calorie, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sodium, and potassium intake significantly decreased (P= <0.001) during post-intervention, whereas, the fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron (P= <0.001), and calcium (p=0.006), intake significantly increased during post-intervention. The changes in anthropometric parameters such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and fat% for pre-COVID-19 were higher for both men and women, but after following the dietary recommendation and physical activity found a significant reduction in WHR, BMI, and fat% (P= <0.001) for both men and women. The p-value for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction appears to be less than 0.05 which shows that it is significant. The daily consumption of various beverages listed above with a comparison of pre-post intervention, which shows that only for kada the p-value is 0.001 which is less than 0.05 hence it seems significant. The p-value for people with no comorbidity appears less than 0.05, indicating it is significant. majority of participants (12%) with diabetes took comparatively longer than the participants suffering from other comorbidities followed by Hypertension (7%), Hyperthyroidism (4%), Hypothyroidism, and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) (3% each) respectively. ConclusionIn the present study, we provided survey data about the key aspects of the nutritional management of COVID-19 (pre-and-post), based on the current knowledge.

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Diet Quality of Female Adolescents in Odeda Local Government, Ogun State

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Diet Quality of Female Adolescents in Odeda Local Government, Ogun State

Enteral Nutrition in Operated-On Gastric Cancer Patients: An Update

It is well established that the preoperative nutritional status of gastric cancer (GC) patients significantly affects the prognosis of the operated patients, their overall survival, as well as the disease-specific survival. Existing data support that preoperative assessment of nutritional status and early correction of nutritional deficiencies exert a favorable effect on early postoperative outcomes. A variety of relevant indices are used to assess the nutritional status of GC patients who are candidates for surgery. The guidelines of almost all international organizations recommend the use of oral enteral nutrition (EN). Oncologically acceptable types of gastrectomy and methods of patient rehabilitation should take into account the expected postoperative nutritional status. The majority of data support that perioperative EN reduces complications and hospital stay, but not mortality. Oral EN in the postoperative period, albeit in small amounts, helps to reduce the weight loss that is a consequence of gastrectomy. Iron deficiency with or without anemia and low serum levels of vitamin B12 are common metabolic sequelae after gastrectomy and should be restored. EN also significantly helps patients undergoing neoadjuvant or adjuvant antineoplastic therapy. The occurrence of the so-called “postgastrectomy syndromes” requires dietary modifications and drug support. This review attempts to highlight the benefits of EN in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy and to emphasize the type of necessary nutritional management, based on current literature data.

Calcium deficiency is associated with malnutrition risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often have the condition of malnutrition, which can be presented as sarcopenia, micronutrient deficiencies, etc. Trace elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, plumbum and manganese) belonging to micronutrients, are greatly vital for the assessment of nutritional status in humans. Trace element deficiencies are also the main manifestation of malnutrition. Calcium (Ca) has been proved to play an important part in maintaining body homeostasis and regulating cellular function. However, there are still a lack of studies on the association between malnutrition and Ca deficiency in IBD. This research aimed to investigate the role of Ca for malnutrition in IBD patients. Methods We prospectively collected blood samples from 149 patients and utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to examine their venous serum trace element concentrations. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between Ca and malnutrition. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to calculate the cutoffs for determination of Ca deficiency. Results Except Ca, the concentrations of the other six trace elements presented no statistical significance between non-malnutrition and malnutrition group. In comparison with non-malnutrition group, the serum concentration of Ca decreased in malnutrition group (89.36 vs 87.03 mg/L, p = 0.023). With regard to ROC curve, Ca <87.21 mg/L showed best discriminative capability with an area of 0.624 (95% CI: 0.520, 0.727, p = 0.023). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that Ca <87.21 mg/L (OR = 3.393, 95% CI:1.524, 7.554, p = 0.003) and age (OR = 0.958, 95% CI:0.926, 0.990, p = 0.011) were associated with malnutrition risk. Serum Ca levels were significantly lower in malnutrition group than those in non-malnutrition group among UC patients, those who with severe disease state or the female group. Conclusions In patients with IBD, Ca deficiency is an independent factor for high malnutrition risk.

Co-existence of potentially sustainable indigenous food systems and poor nutritional status in Ho indigenous community, India: an exploratory study

Indigenous food (IF) systems comprise culturally important foods derived from natural resources with shorter farm to plate chains, as compared to modern counterparts. These food systems are at epicenter of sustainable food systems with potential to alleviate malnutrition and protect ecosystems. The Ho indigenous community of Jharkhand have access to diverse IFs, yet experience malnutrition. A sequential mixed-method study was conducted to explore local food systems with assessment of diet quality and nutritional status of Ho women. Focus group discussions (n = 10) and free-listing (n = 7) were conducted to capture community’s perspectives on IF systems, associated sustainable attributes and perceived challenges towards IF utilization. Scientific names and nutritive values of IFs were documented through secondary review; in case of no information in literature, IFs were identified through ethnobotanist with nutritional analysis in laboratory. 24 h recalls (n = 284 in winter and n = 154 in monsoon) and anthropometric assessments (n = 273) were conducted to estimate women’s dietary diversity and nutritional status. Findings revealed rich traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) producing a diverse list of IFs (n = 243) mainly accessed from natural food environment (wild and cultivated). Among listed foods, 171 IFs were taxonomically classified and among these, nutritive values were documented for 121 IFs. Potentially sustainable traits of Ho’s IF systems included high nutrient density of IFs, community’s preference towards their consumption because of their flavorsome attributes, climate resilient properties and cultural heritage. However, impacts of climate variability, changing farming practices and market-integrated life ways challenged the sustained production, access and consumption of IFs. This was evident in poor diversity in diets (diet diversity scores of 2.9 in winter and monsoon) and chronic energy deficiency (36%) in women. The unique TEK systems of indigenous communities need to be integrated into mainstream policies and programs for safeguarding and promoting their potentially sustainable food systems to support food and nutritional security.

#2892 The role of physical activity in onco-nephrology; a new weapon in the management of urological malignancies

Abstract Background and Aims New clinical evidence demonstrated that Physical Activity (PA) brings numerous benefits both at the level of Health-RelatedQuality of Life (HRQoL), biological mechanisms and at the psychological level. Indeed, it is well known that cancer treatments results in a series of symptoms and side effects that debilitates the patients with cancer and can be counteracted with physical activity. PA has an effect on several aspects of biological mechanisms: sex hormones, metabolic hormones, inflammation and adiposity, and immune function. Furthermore, strong evidence shows that aerobic or combined (aerobic and endurance) training reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression and fatigue. Combined training also leads to improvements in HRQoL, preventing and improving muscle loss and sarcopenia. This study aims to assess the influence of physical activity on this improved scenario. Method A consecutive cohort of 82 pts was enrolled in the Urological Department at San Raffaele Scientific Institute between 2018-2021. The control group (CT) was composed of 31 patients affected by CKD alone (GFR &amp;lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, K-DIGO 2012 classification) and 51 patients with CKD and a recent history of urological malignancies (within 12 months) represented the case group (CS). Inclusion criteria were: Age (&amp;gt;18 years old), eGFR (&amp;lt;60 ml/min/1.73), Malnutritional Screening Tool (MST&amp;lt;2), Urological Cancer aggressiveness (no metastatic process), Informed consent (signed). Each patient underwent an initial nephrological and nutritional evaluation during which a conventional CKD Mediterranean-like diet with a controlled protein intake (MCPD) (0.6-1 g total protein/kg body weight/die and 30-35 kcal/kg body weight/die) was prescribed together with physical activity recommendation according to The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) for a period of 6 months (±2 months). Physical activity recommendations included some aerobic exercise for 30 min on most days of the week, plus other activities to increase muscle strength (exercises with resistance bands) e/o to improve flexibility (such as stretching) once or twice a week. To assess the influence of physical activity within the collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach (NNCA) on enhanced kidney function, the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) test was administered to each patient. The test consists of two indicators: RAPA 1 will indicate aerobic physical activity levels (from 0=sedentary to 7=physically active), while RAPA 2 will indicate other types of exercises (0=none; 1=strength; 2=flexibility; 3=both). Subsequently, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was conducted on all participants in the cohort to collect data on Body Cell Mass per height squared (BCM/h2), Phase Angle (PA), Extracellular Mass (ECM)/BCM, and Extracellular to Intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Statistical analysis: Linear regression and Pearson's Chi-Squared test; Data analysis: R programming language and RStudio integrated development environment. Results Table 1 shows the patient's baseline characteristics. Table 2 shows anthropometric indices and parameters at pre- and post-dietary and nephrological intervention. Table 3 underlines the poor condition prevalent in CKD patients with or without oncological history, also confirmed by the low level of usual physical activity detected by the RAPA test at T0. Sure enough, our population was mainly inactive and sedentary. Results show that, after the intervention, our patients became regularly active (RAPA 1 score T0: 2.47; RAPA 1 score T1: 3.17; Delta = + 0.7, p &amp;lt; 0.0001); the same trend was observed for RAPA 2 score (observed increase 14%, p &amp;lt; 0.002). Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be inferred that standard clinical care should incorporate thorough assessment of both nutritional status and PA. The adoption of a MCPD, coupled with exercise training within a collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach, emerges as a potential strategy to enhance the HRQoL of this particular kind of patient.

#2492 The GLIM classification of malnutrition in an elderly population of patients on maintenance haemodialysis

Abstract Background and Aims The prevalence of malnutrition increases with age and is common in elderly patients on haemodialysis. Malnutrition increases complications, disability, mortality, length of hospital stay and healthcare costs. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) classification has been proposed to define malnutrition by the combined use of aetiological (weight loss, low body mass index and reduced muscle mass on initial bioimpedentiometry and on anthropometry if bioimpedentiometry is not feasible) and phenotypic (reduced food intake and inflammation) criteria; it is still poorly validated in CKD patients. Method Retrospective study of 121 patients on maintenance haemodialysis aged 65 years or older (mean age 77.3 ± 6.57 years, M/F 97/24, 43.1% with diabetes) who underwent routine assessment of nutritional status by anthropometric measurements and impedentiometry. Patients also received a geriatric prognostic calculator, the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI, 1, low risk, 2, moderate risk, 3, high risk) and the MNA sf as an initial nutritional screening tool. According to the GLIM criteria, patients were defined as malnourished if they had at least one phenotypic criterion. By definition, haemodialysis patients fulfil the aetiological criteria of inflammation. Therefore, we added additional aetiological criteria, including loss of food intake and/or high burden of comorbidities (third tertile of CIRS): Extended HD GLIM. Results The MNAsf identified 56 (46%) patients as malnourished or at risk. However, a further 21 patients had reduced muscle mass on anthropometric measurements. Given the lack of specificity of the screening in identifying patients with malnutrition in our population, all patients were considered for GLIM characterisation. 40 out of 123 (32%) patients could not undergo impedentiometry, mainly because of cardiovascular exclusion criteria. 19 of 83 (23%) patients who underwent impedentiometry had a reduced lean tissue index (LTI). We identified 54 out of 121 (44.6%) patients who met the GLIM phenotypic criteria (4 with 3, 14 with 2 and 36 with 1 criteria). The addition of the two phenotypic GLIM criteria to the simple assessment of muscle mass allowed the identification of 17 additional patients at risk of malnutrition. Compared to patients without malnutrition, those fulfilling the GLIM criteria were more likely to have a higher KT/V (1.26 ± 1.39 vs. 1.39 ± 1.52, p = 0.008), lower PTH (286.7 ± 238.8 vs. 403.1 ± 215.0), lower triglycerides (125.8 vs. 48.91 vs. 159.51 ± 85.9, p+0.012), lower serum albumin (3.76 ± 0.32 vs. 3.92 ± 0.27 g/dl, p = 0.004). In addition, patients with GLIM criteria were more likely to have a higher MPI score (0.42 ± 0.51 vs 0.31 ± 0.37, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and to live alone or in a nursing home than with a family member or carer. Conversely, no association was found between GLIM and the presence of cognitive impairment or mobility. 38 (31.4%) patients had a loss of appetite, digestive problems, chewing or swallowing difficulties in the last 3 months. By adding this criterion and that of being in the third highest tertile of CIRS, we found that among patients fulfilling the GLIM criteria, 29/54 (37%) had enhanced aetiological criteria (Expanded HD GLIM). Conclusion A significant percentage of the elderly population on maintenance haemodialysis are malnourished or at high risk. The GLIM classification is a new classification with the potential to identify patients at risk earlier, before the development of sarcopenia. Malnutrition as defined by the GLIM criteria is related to the MPI outcome score.

Assessment of nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of school going adolescents (12–15 years) in Delhi

BackgroundAdolescence is a distinct period that is crucial for setting the foundation for long-term health.ObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity of adolescents.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study recruited 100 adolescents purposively. Information regarding general profile and lifestyle-related factors was collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data such as height, weight, BMI, and body fat% were collected using appropriate equipment. Physical fitness was assessed using a battery adapted from FITNESSGRAM® and PAQ-A assessed the physical activity. Dietary intake was analysed using a 2-day 24-hour dietary recall.ResultThe study revealed, 19% of the participants were overweight and 6% were obese. The majority (74%) were physically inactive and 15% had high body fat %. There was lower consumption of energy, carbohydrates, iron, and calcium, than the recommendations. Also, physical activity scores were negatively associated with macronutrient intake and trunk lift (strength and flexibility) [p < 0.05]. Data showed lower physical fitness scores. BMI and hand-grip strength was positively correlated [p < 0.05]. Push Ups (endurance) and Standing Broad Jump (power) showed a negative correlation with body fat%. Tennis ball throw and PACER (cardiorespiratory fitness) were positively associated with protein intake. A multiple regression analysis significantly showed that a unit increase in cell phone usage increases body fat% by 11.64 units. Standing broad jump increases by 38.6 cm and decreases with 28.76 cm with a unit increase in playing outside and tuitions timings respectively.ConclusionPoor nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity were reported among adolescents. It is imperative to plan intervention strategies to improve the overall health of adolescents.

Assessment of Nutritional Status And Functional Capacity of Rural Elderly Population In Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background: Bangladesh, like many developing countries, is experiencing population ageing. There is inadequate information regarding the prevalence of malnutrition and functional dependency in community-living rural senior residents in this country. The study aims to determine the nutritional status and functional capacity of the rural elderly population of Chattogram District of Bangladesh and to search for its associated factors. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included 213 subjects aged 60 years and over from two Upazilla of Chattogram district by a multistage random sampling technique. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire, nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNASF) tool and functional assessment was done using the Modified Barthel self-care index (BSI).Results: The participants’ mean age was 66.1 ± 6.5 years and 51.6 % was female. More than half of the participants (45.4%) were illiterate. The majority of them were living in a joint family with their spouse. About 70% of the participants were from lower socioeconomic classes, 82.2% were not engaged in any vocational activity, 74.6% were entirely dependent economically on others, and 110 (51.6%) had multi- morbidity. The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 29.9% and 56.8% of the study sample, respectively. About 44% of the participants need help to perform their daily activities. Poor nutritional status was significantly more frequent in elderly subjects aged more than 70 years, in respondents living without a partner, and in older people with multi-morbidity. Conclusion: Poor nutritional status was commonly observed among older adults living in rural areas in Chattogram. The associated factors should be further considered for targeting particularly vulnerable individuals. Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35: 76-81

The Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents Aged 15-18 Years Using BMI Cutoffs and BMI Z Scores: A Secondary Analysis of National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) Data

The Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents Aged 15-18 Years Using BMI Cutoffs and BMI Z Scores: A Secondary Analysis of National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) Data

Assessment of nutritional status and dietary protocol in post ischemic stroke patients

Assessment of nutritional status and dietary protocol in post ischemic stroke patients

Comparison of mini nutritional assessment tool and geriatric nutrition risk index in predicting 12-year mortality among community-dwelling older persons

BackgroundMalnutrition is a common and dangerous condition in older adults, which has been associated with an increased risk of mortality. ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate and compare the abilities of Mini Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA-SF), MNA full form (MNA-FF), and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) to predict all-cause and expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis research is an observational cohort study conducted in a community-setting, with a 12-year follow-up involving 1,001 community-living older adults aged ≥65 years who are enrolled in 2009 and followed up until 2021. Nutritional status assessment was carried out in 2009 using MNA-SF, MNA-FF, and GNRI. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to determine adjusted hazard ratios of mortality with 95% confidence intervals. ResultsA total of 368 deaths (36.76%) and 122 expanded CVD-related deaths (12.19%) were observed after a median follow-up of 12 years. Compared with normal nutritional status, poor nutritional status assessed by the MNA-SF, MNA-FF, and GNRI was found to be associated with an increased all-cause mortality in older persons. MNA-SF and MNA-FF, but not GNRI, were associated with expanded CVD-related mortality. The MNA-FF showed better discriminatory accuracy for all-cause and expanded CVD-related mortality (C-statistics = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63–0.79; 0.79, 0.70–0.83) than MNA-SF (0.76, 0.73–0.79; 0.76, 0.72–0.81) and GNRI (0.75, 0.73–0.79; 0.76, 0.72–0.80). ConclusionsOur findings indicate that MNA-SF, MNA-FF, and GNRI were all independent predictors of all-cause mortality. In particular, the MNA-FF may be the best nutritional assessment tool for predicting all-cause and CVD-related mortality among older persons residing in community, compared with MNA-SF and GNRI.

Assessment of nutritional status and health behaviors in yoga-trained women versus exercisers.

Recreational physical activity is becoming more popular due to the increased public awareness about the beneficial effects on health status and quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status and health behaviors of women who regularly practice yoga as a form of physical recreation and to compare them with those who had not practiced before and had just signed up for yoga classes. A total of 143 women took part in this study. The nutritional status was assessed based on the obtained anthropometric measurements. The following indicators were calculated: Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), determining the visceral accumulation of fat tissue. Health behaviors were assessed using a standardized five-point scale Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). There were significant differences in the value of the general health behavior index, the sten scale, and the subscale regarding proper eating habits in the study groups compared to women who had not practiced yoga before (control group). Health behaviors indicators, particularly proper eating habits, are significantly higher in women participating regularly in yoga exercises, indicating a higher awareness among yoga practitioners. It can be suggested that yoga participation as a recreational physical activity can be an appropriate option for pursuing healthy habits.

Developing a Nutritional Assessment Tool for Toddlers Using Anthropometry and IoT Technology

Data from the Indonesian Toddler Nutrition Status Survey (SSGBI) in 2021, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still quite high, at 24.4%, which is equivalent to 5.33 million toddlers. This figure is still above the standard tolerated by WHO, which is below 20%. Therefore, efforts are needed to accelerate stunting reduction so that the prevalence of stunting in toddlers decreases to 19.4% by 2024. This research aims to develop a tool for measuring toddlers' height and weight to assess their nutritional status promptly, aiming to preemptively address any nutritional abnormalities and prevent exacerbation. Anthropometry serves as the primary method for assessing toddlers' nutritional status in this study. The tool's design incorporates the ESP32 as the main control unit, the HC-SR04 sensor for height measurements, and the HX711 module and loadcell sensor as weight sensors. Data from the sensor are transmitted from the ESP32 master to the ESP32 slave for processing, culminating in a nutritional status assessment. Notably, the tool boasts a minimal error rate of 0.18% for weight measurement with 99.82% accuracy and a 2.66% error rate for height measurement with 97.34% accuracy. Furthermore, the tool's integration with IoT technology offers additional advantages. It facilitates real-time data transmission and analysis, enabling healthcare professionals to promptly identify any nutritional issues in toddlers. This, in turn, allows for timely intervention and appropriate management strategies to prevent the development or exacerbation of stunting. Overall, the benefits of this research for the Anthropometry Stunting Monitor based on IoT are manifold. It enhances accuracy and efficiency in measuring toddlers' height and weight, enables early detection of stunting, and facilitates timely intervention to address nutritional abnormalities. This holds significant promise for improving pediatric healthcare outcomes and reducing the prevalence of stunting among children.

Managing Undernutrition in Pediatric Oncology: A Consensus Statement Developed Using the Delphi Method by the Polish Society for Clinical Nutrition of Children and the Polish Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology.

"Managing Undernutrition in Pediatric Oncology" is a collaborative consensus statement of the Polish Society for Clinical Nutrition of Children and the Polish Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. The early identification and accurate management of malnutrition in children receiving anticancer treatment are crucial components to integrate into comprehensive medical care. Given the scarcity of high-quality literature on this topic, a consensus statement process was chosen over other approaches, such as guidelines, to provide comprehensive recommendations. Nevertheless, an extensive literature review using the PubMed database was conducted. The following terms, namely pediatric, childhood, cancer, pediatric oncology, malnutrition, undernutrition, refeeding syndrome, nutritional support, and nutrition, were used. The consensus was reached through the Delphi method. Comprehensive recommendations aim to identify malnutrition early in children with cancer and optimize nutritional interventions in this group. The statement underscores the importance of baseline and ongoing assessments of nutritional status and the identification of the risk factors for malnutrition development, and it presents tools that can be used to achieve these goals. This consensus statement establishes a standardized approach to nutritional support, aiming to optimize outcomes in pediatric cancer patients.

Nutritional and Metabolic Status Control and Nutritional Support in Patients with Pancreatic Sepsis (Review)

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with pancreonecrosis in 30% of patients, who may fall at 80% high risk of death when infected pancreatic necrosis progresses to sepsis. Given the catabolic nature of the disease and the significant influence of nutritional status on its course and outcome, these patients require an adequate nutritional support (NS) based on an adequate assessment and control of nutritional and metabolic status.The aim of the study: to identify trends in developing new tools for assessment of nutritional and metabolic status, and provision of NS in patients with pancreatic sepsis (PS).Materials and methods. Keyword search in the PubMed, Scopus and E-library databases for the period from 2018 to 2023 yielded 95 publications, of which 16 meta-analyses and 6 systematic reviews met the requirements.Results. all existing to date scales for assessment of nutritional deficiency in patients with PS have low prognostic value. Of them, mNUTRIC scale seems to be the most appropriate assessment tool. Recommended by EPSEN guidelines tools to assess the risk of nutritional deficiency it is not suitable for ICU patients. Indirect calorimetry should be preferred vs routine calculation formulas in assessing patient’s energy needs in case of PS. It was also found that «standard» anthropometric values, such as BMI, are not always informative and prognostically significant in patients with severe AP in the ICU. Analgesia, infusion therapy, as well as detection and correction of intraperitoneal hypertension are not only integral components of intensive care for PS but are indispensable for supplying adequate NS in PS patients. It was found that early enteral nutrition is the preferred method of NS, although questions concerning choice of tube insertion site, as well as all parameters of tube feeding remain unanswered. The optimal composition of enteral nutrition for patients with PS has not been established, which is indirectly confirmed by the variety of enteral mixtures available on the market. The refeeding syndrome that occurs at initiation of NS was characterized as a life-threatening condition.Conclusion. NS, based on adequate assessment of disorders and control of the nutritional and metabolic status is an integral component of intensive care in PS patients. It can reduce the probability and number of potential complications, time of stay in the ICU, cost of treatment, and improve patient’s prognosis.

Nutritional care for cancer patients: are we doing enough?

Malnutrition is associated with higher rates of surgical complications, increased anticancer treatment toxicities, longer hospital stays, higher healthcare costs, poorer patient quality of life, and lower survival rates. Nutritional support has been shown to improve all of these outcomes. However, the nutritional care of cancer patients is still suboptimal and several issues remain unresolved. Although the effectiveness of nutritional support depends on the timeliness of intervention, assessment of nutritional status is often delayed and perceived as unimportant. When diagnoses of malnutrition are made, they are rarely recorded in medical records. Hospitals lack medical staff dedicated to clinical nutrition, making it difficult to integrate nutritional care into the multidisciplinary management of cancer patients. Outside the hospital, nutritional support is hampered by heterogeneous reimbursement policies and a lack of adequate community nutrition services. In addition, an increasing number of patients are turning to potentially harmful "anti-cancer" diets as trust in medicine declines. Adopting mandatory nutrition screening, monitoring quality of care metrics, providing nutrition education to care providers, and implementing telehealth systems are some of the most urgent interventions that need to be established in the future.

Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Children (0-23 Months) Accessing Care in Community Infant and Young Child Feeding (C-IYCF) Practices in Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital Kano

Introduction: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have substantial outcomes for the growth, development, and survival of infants and children during the first two years of age and throughout their lifetime. The study aimed to assess the dietary intake and nutritional status of children (0–23 months) registered for care in Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital Kano. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 randomly selected caregiver-child pairs accessing care in the hospital. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and dietary intake information from the respondents. Anthropometric indices of weight for age, length for age, and weight for length measurements were used to assess the nutritional status of children. Result: Female caregivers were the most participants in this study 122 (98.2%). For marital status, almost all 124 (99.4%) of the mothers were married and only 1 each of the mothers reported to be single and being widowed. About 76 (60.8%) of the study population attended secondary education. The major occupation of the caregivers is trading in 92.4%. Dietary intake consists mainly of legumes in 30.0% and cereals in 56.5%. Only 39.0% portion of the population met the minimum World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of dietary diversity and over 79.8% of the caregivers were still breastfeeding during the period of the study, 18% of them initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of birth and only 16.2% exclusively breastfed their children; majority 70.6% of the caregivers breastfed on demand while with a small proportion of 26.1% and 3.3% responded to breastfeeding when convenient and breastfeeding at a scheduled time respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that the nutritional status of the children was poor. Up to 60 (51.2%), 98 (88.3%), and 74 (65.1%) of the infants were wasted, underweight, and stunted, respectively. The study also revealed that the nutritional status of the children (WLZ, WAZ, and LAZ) was significantly related to the dietary diversity at p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.019, respectively. This study revealed poor IYCF practices in Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital Kano. Therefore, more attention needs to be paid to the specific behaviors surrounding feeding practices and other constraints to children accessing care in Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital Kano.

Assessment of iodine nutritional status and gestational thyroid function reference ranges during the first trimester of pregnancy in Taiwan.

Iodine nutrition is critical for fetal neurodevelopment in the first trimester of pregnancy, a period associated with dramatic changes in thyroid function. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine nutritional status and thyroid function reference ranges in the first trimester in Taiwan. Pregnant women aged 20 years and above in the first trimester were recruited in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan from March 2019 to July 2022. Each participant provided a spot urine sample for measurement of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and a blood sample for check-up of thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies. A simple food frequency questionnaire was also completed. A total of 209 women with a mean age of 32.9 ± 4.4 years were enrolled. The median UIC was 160.9 μg/L [interquartile range (IQR): 105.0-246.2 μg/L], indicating overall iodine sufficiency. The gestational thyroid function reference ranges were: TSH [median: 0.93 (0.007-2.9) µIU/mL], free T4 [1.3 (0.93-2.2) ng/dL], free T3 [3.0 (2.3-5.0) ng/dL], total T4 [9.9 (6.4-16.9) ng/dL] and total T3 [135 (88-231) ng/dL]. If the non-pregnant reference range of serum TSH was used, eight women (4.8%) would be misclassified as having subclinical hyperthyroidism, and two women (1.2%) with subclinical hypothyroidism would be missed. In multivariate analysis, nulliparous [adjusted odds ratio (OR) from model 1-3: 2.02, 2.05, 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-3.77, 1.10-3.81, 1.11-3.66; p = 0.027, 0.023, 0.022, respectively] and multivitamin non-users (adjusted OR from model 1-3: 1.86, 1.85, 1.78; 95% CI: 1.04-3.34, 1.03-3.32, 1.004-3.71; p = 0.038, 0.039, 0.049, respectively) had increased odds of having lower UIC levels <150 μg/L. The iodine nutritional status in the first trimester is adequate in Taiwan; however, certain subgroups such as nulliparous and multivitamin non-users are still at risk for iodine deficiency. Gestational thyroid function reference ranges are needed for correct diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.