Assessment Of Incidence Rate Research Articles

Assessment of Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Keratoacanthoma Among Residents of Queensland, Australia

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a common and generally benign keratinocyte skin tumor. Reports of the incidence rates of KA are scant. In addition, the risk factors for KA are not well understood, although associations with UV radiation exposure and older age have been described. To investigate the incidence rate of KA and the risk factors for developing KA. The study included data from 40 438 of 193 344 randomly selected residents of Queensland, Australia, who participated in the QSkin Sun and Health (QSkin) prospective population-based cohort study. All participants completed a baseline survey between 2010 and 2011 and were ages 40 to 69 years at baseline. Histopathologic reports of KA were prospectively collected until June 30, 2014, through data linkage with pathologic records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with KA while controlling for potential confounding variables. Data were analyzed from January 2 to April 8, 2020. Demographic characteristics, phenotypes, UV radiation exposure, medical history, and lifestyle. Among 40 438 participants (mean [SD] age, 56 [8] years; 18 240 men [45.1%]), 596 individuals (mean [SD] age, 62 [6] years; 349 men [58.6%]) developed 776 KA tumors during a median follow-up period of 3.0 years (interquartile range, 2.8-3.3 years). The person-based age-standardized incidence rate for KA in the age-restricted cohort was 409 individuals per 100 000 person-years (based on the 2001 Australian population). Risk factors after adjustment for potential confounders were older age (age ≥60 years vs age <50 years; hazard ratio [HR], 6.38; 95% CI, 4.65-8.75), male sex (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33-1.84), fair skin (vs olive, dark, or black skin; HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.66-7.04), inability to tan (vs ability to tan deeply; HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.40), previous excisions of keratinocyte cancers (ever had an excision vs never had an excision; HR, 6.28; 95% CI, 5.03-7.83), current smoking (vs never smoking, HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.59-2.57), and high alcohol use (≥14 alcoholic drinks per week vs no alcoholic drinks per week; HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.86). This is, to date, the first large prospective population-based study to report the incidence rate and risk factors for KA. The high person-based incidence rate (409 individuals per 100 000 person-years) highlights the substantial burden of KA in Queensland, Australia. Furthermore, the study's findings suggest that older age (≥60 years), male sex, UV radiation-sensitive phenotypes, indications of high sun exposure (eg, previous keratinocyte cancer excisions), smoking, and high alcohol use are independent risk factors for the development of KA.

Assessment of incidence rate and prognosis of metabolic syndrome among acute myocardial infarction: a longitudinal study

Background: The Metabolic Syndrome (METS) is a specific clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the same person (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated Blood Pressure (BP), Insulin Resistance (IR), and a proinflammatory state. A recent review of insulin resistance syndrome revealed a rapid escalation of this syndrome among Indians and the prevalence of predominant component of METS varies from region to region. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and prognosis of metabolic syndrome among acute myocardial infarction patients.Methods: A longitudinal study was carried among Acute myocardial infarction patients, who were admitted to ICCU of Shri. B. M. Patil Hospital and Research Centre, Bijapur during November 2009 to March 2011. Sample size was calculated using the formula: n=4pq/L2. Sample size required was 92. Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics were used to analyse the results.Results: The incidence rate of METS among AMI in our study was 48.7%. The complications were more common in METS group compared to those without METS groups. Recovery was better among those without METS group. There was a statistically significant association between complications and status of METS. The past history of DM was more common in METS. Hyperglycemia among the components of METS has strongest association with the outcome of death in patients of AMI.Conclusions: The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition among the patients with acute myocardial infarction and has detrimental impact on outcome Metabolic syndrome is also associated with a higher risk of severe heart failure and death.

Intracranial Hemorrhage and Mortality In 1461 Patients After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For 6-Year Follow-Up: Study Of 44 Cases

▪Although cerebral complications and causes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) were well documented, assessment of incidence rates and risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following allo-HSCT are less discussed. The clinical data of 1461 consecutive patients undergoing allo-HSCT in Peking University Institute of Hematology from January 2005 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 44 developed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and matched 176 patients control subjects were accrued. ICH was verified by computed tomography (CT) scan in all patients. Among the 1461 patients, 44 patients (3.0 %) developed ICH, including 29 patients (65.9%) with multiple location hemorrhage, 4 patients (9.1 %) with subdural hematoma (SDH), 8 patients (18.2%) with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and 3 patients (6.8%) with other hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma. The median time of appearance for ICH was 129 days (1-450). Survival after 6 year was significantly reduced in patients who developed ICH complications compared with control (47.1% vs. 75.7%,p<0.001 ).Multivariate analysis showed that donor type, systemic infections, III-IV aGVHD, platelet count, fibrinogen level were the independent risk factors for ICH among allo-HSCT patients. The ROC curve analysis showed a cutoff value of 13.2×109/L for platelet count and 129.5 g/L for fibrinogen level in patients with ICH. The transplantation-related mortality rate in the ICH and control group were 50% and 22.2%, respectively(p<0.001).ICH is common cerebral complication after allo-HSCT which associated with high mortality and decreased overall survival rate. After allo-HSCT patients with severe thrombocytopenia plus low level of fibrinogen and/or III-IV aGVHD appeared to be at particularly high risk of ICH. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Stroke Incidence and Survival Among Middle-Aged Adults

Although stroke mortality rates in the United States are well documented, assessment of incidence rates and case fatality are less well studied. A cohort of 15 792 men and women aged 45 to 64 years from a population sample of households in 4 US communities was followed from 1987 to 1995, an average of 7. 2 years. Incident strokes were identified through annual phone contacts and hospital record searching and were then validated. Of the 267 incident definite or probable strokes, 83% (n=221) were categorized as ischemic strokes, 10% (n=27) were intracerebral hemorrhages, and 7% (n=19) were subarachnoid hemorrhages. The age-adjusted incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) of total strokes was highest among black men (4.44), followed by black women (3.10), white men (1.78), and white women (1.24). The black versus white age-adjusted rate ratio (RR) for ischemic stroke was 2.41 (95% CI, 1.85 to 3.15), which was attenuated to 1.38 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.89) after adjustment for baseline hypertension, diabetes, education level, smoking status, and prevalent coronary heart disease. There was a tendency for the adjusted case fatality rates to be higher among blacks and men, although none of the case fatality comparisons across sex or race was statistically significant. After accounting for established baseline risk factors, blacks still had a 38% greater risk of incident ischemic stroke compared with whites. Identification of new individual and community-level risk factors accounting for the elevated incidence of stroke requires further investigation and incorporation into intervention planning.

Orthodox jews have a lower incidence of malignant melanoma. A note on the potentially protective role of traditional clothing

The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) in orthodox and non-orthodox Jews in Israel during the years 1970-1982 was compared through an assessment of incidence rates in the orthodox and non-orthodox neighborhoods in the city of Jerusalem and by a comparison of the rates in 2 cities on the outskirts of Tel Aviv, one of which has a strongly orthodox population. Within the city of Jerusalem the incidence of MM for the European-American born in the orthodox neighborhoods was significantly lower than in the rest of the city in males, and of borderline significance in females. A similar pattern was seen upon comparison of the orthodox city of Bnei Brak to its neighbor city, Givatayim. The findings are consistent with the role of sun exposure in the etiology of malignant melanoma.