Assessment Of Growth Status Research Articles

Assessment of growth status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Baghdad: a case-control study.

To assess growth parameters in adolescents and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and the factors influencing their growth. The case-control study was conducted from February to December 2020 at the Endocrine Outpatient Clinic of the Central Child Teaching Hospital of Paediatrics, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients aged 2-16 years who had type 1 diabetes for at least a year. The patients formed group A, while healthy controls matched for age and gender from different schools and kindergartens formed group B. Weight, height and body mass index of all the subjects in both groups were measured and worked out, and the values were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Of the 192 subjects, 96(50%) were in each of the 2 groups; 50(52.1%) girls and 46(47.9%) boys in group A, and 58(60.4%) girls and 38(39.6%) boys in group B. The overall mean age was 9.66±3.26 years. Group A children had significantly lower mean height, weight and body mass index Z scores compared to group B (p=0.001). The height Z score of group A children was significantly inversely associated with age, duration of disease, and glycated haemoglobin level (p=0.001), while the weight Z score was significantly inversely correlated with age and glycated haemoglobin (p=0.001). The body mass index Z score of group A was significantly inversely associated with age and glycated haemoglobin level (p<0.05). Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus had significantly lower mean height, weight and body mass index Z scores compared to their counterparts in the control group. Pubertal age group, poor glycaemic control, longer disease duration, and using conventional insulin regimen were the factors affecting growth parameters.

Comparison of Cervical Vertebral Maturation with Fishman’s Skeletal Maturity Index Method in Assessment of Growth Status

Assessment of skeletal maturity is paramount for orthodontists since optimal use and effectiveness of orthodontic and orthopedic appliances depends on it. Objective: To compare the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) with Fishman’s hand wrist radiograph (HWR) method in assessment of growth status. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontics department at the Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar on 100 participants. The patients with 9 to 15 years of age, relatively well aligned arches, both genders, mild to moderate skeletal discrepancy, minimal dental compensations, vertical normal angle, and without temporomandibular joint disorders were included. Along with age and gender, stages of HWR and CVM were recorded. HWRs were acquired by standardized method and lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position. The staging of HWR was done by using Fishman method while CVM staging. Comparison of CVM stages and Fishmann’s HWR stages were done using chi-square test. Results: The mean age was 11.79 ± 1.62 years. The females were 53(53%) and males were 47(47%). Most common stage of CVM was III (n=33, 33%) followed by IV (n=27, 27%). Similarly, common stage of hand wrist radiograph was III (n=32, 32%) followed by IV (n=28, 28%).There was no statistically significant different between two methods for assessing skeletal growth status (p=0.697). Conclusions: Cervical vertebral maturation can have used as an alternative to hand wrist radiograph for growth assessment without an extra radiation

Correlation of collagen X biomarker (CXM) with peak height velocity and radiographic measures of growth in idiopathic scoliosis.

Prospective comparative study. Evaluate the correlation of CXM with established measures of growth. Theoretically higher CXM levels would correlate with rapid longitudinal bone growth and lower levels with growth cessation. Assessment of growth status in patients with pediatric spinal deformity is critical. The current gold standards for assessing skeletal maturity are based on radiographic measures and have large standard errors (SE). Type X collagen (COLX) is produced in the growing physis during enchondral ossification. CXM is a COLX breakdown product that can be measured in blood products. CXM, thus, is a direct measure of enchondral ossification. IRB-approved prospective study. Q6mo anthropometrics and spine PA biplanar slot scanner images including the hand were assessed for major Cobb, Risser score (RS), triradiate cartilage status (TRC), Greulich and Pyle bone age (BA), and Sanders Score (SS). Serial dried blood spots (DBS) to obtain CXM levels were collected 3 consecutive days Q1-2months based on SS. 47 idiopathic scoliosis patients, Cobb ≥ 20 were enrolled. Mean enrollment age was 11.8years (range 7.1-16.6years). 3103 DBS samples were assayed in quadruplicate. CXM results were highly reproducible with a 3% intraassay coefficient of variation (CV), and 12% interassay CV%. The CXM 3-day average was significantly correlated with BA R = 0.9, p < 0.001, RS R = 0.6, p < 0.001, SS R = 0.7, p < 0.001 and with height R = 0.7, p < 0.001. No patient with a CXM level < 5ng/ml had remaining growth. CXM is the first identifiable biomarker specific to longitudinal bone growth. Early results indicate that it is a patient-specific, real-time measure of growth velocity with high correlation to the established anthropometric and radiographic measures of growth. It is predictive of cessation of growth. It is highly reproducible with a low SE. Long-term follow-up is required to determine the ability of CXM to guide clinical decision-making.

Assessment of growth status by correlating he maturation stages of middle phalanx of the third finger and calcification stages of mandibular third molar in an institutional set up

The present study aims to assess the correlation between maturation stages of the middle phalanx of the third finger and calcification stages mandibular of the third molar in 9-16 years old children in the South Indian population. A total of 39 subjects between the age of 9-16 years were included for this study. Their pretreatment digital panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs were retrieved from the DIAS software provided by Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, TamilNadu, India. These records were analyzed with the help of Demirjian index, used for mandibular third molar maturation stage, and Modified MP3 method, used for Middle phalanx maturation stage. Pearson's Chi-Square tests were done to analyze the association between Mp3 stages and mandibular third molar calcification stages. The statistical tests were performed in SPSS software. The results of this study showed that there is a statistically significant association between Demirjian index and modified MP3 stages in both females (p&lt;0.002) and males (p&lt;0.000). Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that calcification stages of the lower third molar could be used as a supportive tool to assess maturation. As third molars are known to have many alterations, individual variation should be taken under consideration.

Insulin Like Growth Factor-1―A Skeletal Maturity Indicator―A Review

In orthodontic treatment planning decisions assessment of growth status plays a vital role and that the adolescent growth spurt is considered an ideal time to mete out growth modification therapy. Various radiologic and non-radiologic skeletal maturity indicators have been in use with its attendant advantages and disadvantages. Insulin like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is one such non-radiologic biomarker that could be used to estimate the amount of available growth present to help treat jaw discrepancies in the circumpubertal period of growth as the mean levels of it has been reported to be high during cicumpubertal growth. Internationally peer reviewed and valid indexed reference articles pertaining to IGF-1 and its predictive usefulness in estimating the peak pubertal growth spurt used alone or in combination with the other radiologic skeletal maturity indicators was segregated and diligently perused. Information gleaned from the literature review revealed that IGF-1 was indeed effective in assessing the circumpubertal growth spurt. It had a high correlation with the cervical stages C3 and C4 as seen on lateral cephalograms as also with the stages pertaining to peak pubertal growth as seen on handwrist radiographs and middle phalanx 3 (MP3) on periapical x-rays. IGF-1 was an effective and alternative biomarker for estimation of peak pubertal growth spurt used alone or in combination with the other radiologic biomarkers.

Serum Insulin Like Growth Factor-1– A Skeletal Maturity Indicator for the Assessment of Orthopedic Treatment Timing of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion

Orthodontic treatment planning decisions are dependent on the assessment of growth status. Skeletal maturity could be assessed with various radiologic and non-radiologic biologic markers.The purpose of our study was to investigate the reliability of serum Insulin like Growth Factor – 1(IGF-1) as a skeletal maturity indicator in comparison to the stages in cervical vertebral maturation (CVM). Twenty five subjects with skeletal class II malocclusion in the age range of 11-19 years were recruited for the study. The cervical vertebrae staging was assessed by lateral cephalograms. Blood was collected aseptically and serum was separated. The serum levels of IGF- 1 were quantitatively assessed using a commercial ELISA kit, IGF-1 600 ELISA (DRG Instruments GmbH, Germany). There was a significant decline in the mean IGF-1 levels with increase in age in both the sexes. Statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of IGF-1 among the different age groups. There was a significant decline in the mean IGF-1 levels with increase in CVM staging from stage 2 to stage 4. IGF-1 could be a more reliable biologic skeletal maturity indicator in comparison to cervical vertebral maturity indicator and thus could predict more accurately the growth status of the mandible to facilitate correction of skeletal class II jaw discrepancies.

Assessment of growth status in Saudi hospitals

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality and sustainability of dietetic practice in the scope of anthropometry for adolescents at Jeddah hospitals care setting.Design/methodology/approach– An evaluation survey to define and critic dietetic practice concerning anthropometric assessment for adolescent group in Jeddah governmental and private operating hospitals with bed capacity of more than 150 beds and has at least four employed dietitians.Findings– Only 10 percent of dietitians in Jeddah hospitals are members with the National Saudi Dietetic Association (SDA). Hospitals were mostly following international Standards of Practice (SOP) for anthropometry (60 percent), compared to national standards (10 percent). SOP is not unified or governed by the national organization body. Regularly (80 percent) of the practicing dietitians identify their individual scope of practice, the use of growth charts and reference data in assessing the growth status of their young clients. Similarly to other international countries, sustainability and resilience to all aspects of nutrition and dietetics practice should be ensured and maintained by SDA when guiding and standardizing all practices.Originality/value– The study highlights the importance of standardizing the practice of anthropometric assessment among adolescent group. The study is also a call for the SDA to emphasize its role in governing and defining guidelines in all scopes of dietetics practice.

Evaluating Period of Accelerated Skeletal Maturation in Gujarati Children between Ages 8+ and 14+ Years

Assessment of growth status of dentofacial skeleton is important during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning procedures particularly in young children having skeletal malocclusion. ‘Genetic and epigenetic factors have a marked effect on the growth status of a child thus the need for the orthodontist to use various skeletal maturation indices to determine period of accelerated growth. Aims and objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the level of skeletal maturation and period of accelerated growth in 70 boys and 70 girls between the ages (8+) and (14+) years using CVMS index. Materials and methods: Lateral cephalogram of 140 individuals were selected, i.e. 70 girls and 70 boys, each of age group from 8+ to 14+ years. It is observed that CVMS index used is highly significant for this purpose. It is observed that this index is highly effective for this purpose. Conclusion: Females’ vertebrae mature earlier than males at each stage. The maturation rate is not constant between the various stages and period of accelerated growth is experienced at different ages and levels in males and females. Need arises to confirm that early maturation in females is not because of their smaller sized vertebra. Further, the time duration recorded between the two subsequent stages is different not because the changes required to be done by nature is different. Longitudinal growth studies of the jaws proper are desired to be conducted for this purpose.