Assessment Of Groundwater Potential Zones Research Articles

Strategic assessment of groundwater potential zones: a hybrid geospatial approach

Groundwater aquifers constitute the primary water supply for populations in arid regions, exemplified by the Goharkooh Plain in Iran's driest drainage basin, where conditions of high evapotranspiration and low precipitation prevail. With the escalating demand for water resources, driven mainly by agricultural expansion, the strategic management of groundwater assets has become increasingly critical. This study focuses on delineating groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) through an integrated approach combining multi-criteria decision analysis and geospatial tools. Based on an extensive literature review, nine thematic layers were selected and developed: lithology, geology, drainage density, slope gradient, elevation, vegetation cover, lineament density, land use, and precipitation. These criteria were initially weighted using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and subsequently integrated via weighted overlay analysis. In this research, the strategic selection of thematic layers for assessing groundwater potential in arid regions has been identified as an innovative approach that could significantly advance studies in similar settings. The analysis revealed that approximately 60% of the study area, primarily in the southwestern parts, exhibited moderate to very high groundwater potential. This potential is primarily attributed to the presence of alluvial deposits, low drainage density, and favorable slope and elevation conditions. Applying the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yields an area under the curve (AUC) of 81.5%, indicating a relatively high level of predictive accuracy. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of this integrated approach, suggesting its broader applicability in regions with analogous groundwater challenges and management needs.

Spatial assessment of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing, GIS and analytical hierarchy process: A case study of Siliguri subdivision, West Bengal

Spatial assessment of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing, GIS and analytical hierarchy process: A case study of Siliguri subdivision, West Bengal

Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones by Integrating Hydrogeological Data, Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, and Analytical Hierarchical Process Techniques in the Jinan Karst Spring Basin of China

Groundwater management in the Jinan Spring basin is hampered by its complex topography, overexploitation, and excessive urbanisation. This has led to springs drying up during dry seasons and a decrease in discharge in recent years. GIS and the AHP were employed to delineate groundwater potential zones using eight thematic layers: slope, geology, lineament density, topographic wetness index (TWI), rainfall, soil, drainage density, and land use/land cover (LULC). The model’s accuracy was assessed by comparing the findings to basin groundwater observation well data. We found that 74% of the observations matched the projected zoning. Further validation utilising the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve gave an AUC of 0.736. According to the study, 67.31% of the land has a good GWPZ, 5.60% has a very good one, 27.07% is medium, and 0.03% is low. Heavy rains throughout the rainy season raise water levels. Dry weather lowers water levels. This study’s conclusions will protect groundwater from climate change. Integrating hydrogeological data, GIS, remote sensing, and AHP approaches maximises data use, improves groundwater potential zone delineation, and promotes sustainable groundwater resource management decision making. This integrated method can help land use planners, hydrologists, and policymakers find optimal locations for water supply projects, establish groundwater management techniques, and reduce groundwater risks.

Assessment of groundwater potential zones in data-scarce regions using GIS-based multicriteria decision making approach

Groundwater is an essential natural resource that sustains numerous ecological systems and human lifestyles. The Jhargram district is facing persistent groundwater development issues, requiring comprehensive monitoring and planning, as most farmers heavily rely on groundwater for crop production. The groundwater potential zone of the Jhargram district was classified into five classes, viz., very high (5.82%), high (50.81%), moderate (30.33%), low (13.01%), and very low (0.03%), zones, respectively. The results were assessed for validity using ROC curves, which demonstrated an accuracy rate of 80.4%. The calculation of the AUC was performed in order to assess the overall accuracy of the predicted GWPZ. The GWPZ map is crucial for implementing artificial recharge structures like percolation ponds, bunds and trenching in semi-arid regions. It aids in developing sustainable groundwater management policies, mitigating drought, climate change, and water scarcity, and aiding farmers, regional planners, policy-makers, climate change experts, and local governments.

Geospatial and AHP technique in assessment of groundwater potential zones—a case study of Boranakanive reservoir catchment in India

Geospatial and AHP technique in assessment of groundwater potential zones—a case study of Boranakanive reservoir catchment in India

Geo-Spatial Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones in Birnin-Kudu Local Government Area Jigawa State, Nigeria

The study attempted to identify the groundwater potential zones in Birnin Kudu Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. Groundwater is an important source for water supply, considering its availability, quality, cost and time effective to develop, and simple accessibility. The study used thematic maps like Rainfall, Lineament, Geology, Soil, DEM Soil, Drainage and Land Use Land Cover map as GIS layers in geo-database. The rankings/weights of factor contributing to groundwater prospects in the study area were evaluated by pair wise comparison using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Weightages of the factors influencing groundwater prospects zones in the study area shows that rainfall is one of the major contributor, and was weighed as the highest contributor with (34%) followed by lineament (24%) and geology was weighed (14%). The least groundwater contributor in the study area is the land use land cover with (2%). The study showed that the very high groundwater potential areas occupy 59.92 km2 (2.89%) of the area, the high potential zones constitute about 527.52km2 (25.45%) of the study area and the moderate potential area has the highest area of 602.69km2 (29.07%). The low and very low potentials occupy an area of about 528.13 km2 (25.48%) and 354.75 km2 (17.11%) respectively. The study concluded that the study area has an abundance.

Assessment of groundwater potential zones using an integration of Remote Sensing, GIS and 2D Electrical Resistivity imaging in the Echway watershed, Baro River Basin, Southwest Ethiopia

The objective of this study is to delineate and identify the groundwater potential zone of degraded land in the Echway watershed, southwest Ethiopia, employing a combined approach that includes 2D electrical resistivity, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data, groundwater potential zones were identified by taking into account the soil types, drainage density, geology, lineament density, Land use and land cover, rainfall and slope. Using the AHP method, calculate the weight of thematic layers and rank of subclasses based on the effects of various thematic layers on groundwater potential. A significant weight was provided on the geology of the research region, total annual rainfall, and lineament density. Due to significant effects on groundwater potential zones, only three of the seven theme levels were assigned significant weight in this analysis. The weighted overlay analysis was used to construct the diagram of the zones with groundwater potential. 2D electrical resistivity was utilized to find the groundwater aquifer, and four major electrical layers were discovered: clayey silt, sand, moderately weathered/fractured rock, and basement parent rock. The groundwater potential zones in the study area have been classified into five categories: very low (22.97%), low (13.43%), moderate (32.50%), high (25.12%), and very high (5.98%) covered, respectively. The groundwater potential zone image was created by combining GIS, remote sensing, AHP, and an electrical survey

Assessment of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS-based fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) in Mpwapwa District, Dodoma, Tanzania

Groundwater is a very important resource for socio-economic development. The uncertainty of where potential groundwater resources is located often causes some groundwater development projects to fail. It is common for water resources development projects hitting dry wells after heavy investments of resources. In Mpwapwa District, borehole drilling locations are uncertain, determined by trial-and-error techniques based on geophysical survey methods that involve the study of the behaviour of rock and soil types in specific geological locations. To reduce such uncertainty, this study used remote sensing and GIS-based Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (F-AHP) to simulate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in Mpwapwa District, Dodoma region, Tanzania. The F-AHP model was used to reclassify, weight, and rank various thematic maps, including lithology, soil types, drainage density, lineament, magnetic intensity, slope and elevation. The overall GWPZ map was created by combining the seven (7) ranking thematic map layers in a GIS environment. The resulting GWPZ map that was then validated using two methods: overlaying method and area under the curve (AUC) method. The resulting GWPZ map shows that 19%, 31%, 28% and 22% of the area are classified as very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor zones, respectively. The accuracy of the generated map is 72% using the overlaying method and 93% using the AUC method.

Integrated assessment of groundwater potential zones and artificial recharge sites using GIS and Fuzzy-AHP: a case study in Peddavagu watershed, India.

Groundwater is a crucial natural resource for providing reliable and long-lasting water supplies across the globe. The integrated approach used in the current study involved the use of multiple techniques to assess groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) and identify suitable areas for artificial recharge sites. The methods used in the study were a combination of geographic information system (GIS), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (Fuzzy-AHP) to accomplish this goal. The study considered multiple thematic maps, such as drainage density, elevation, geomorphology, slope, curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), geology, distance from the river, land use and land cover (LULC), and rainfall, to determine the GWPZs. AHP and Fuzzy-AHP were used to weight thematic maps based on their relative importance in controlling groundwater availability and recharge, and then a weighted overly analysis in a GIS environment was utilized to derive the final GWPZs map. After completing the weighting of thematic maps, both AHP and Fuzzy-AHP models categorized GWPZs into low, moderate, and high categories in the study area. In this study area, GWPZs were classified as poor, moderate, and high using both the AHP and Fuzzy-AHP models. According to the AHP model, 5.41% of the area's GWPZs were categorized as poor, 70.68% as moderate, and 23.91% as high. The Fuzzy-AHP model, on the other hand, categorized 4.92% as poor, 69.75% as moderate, and 25.33% as high. To validate these results, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under thecurve (AUC) wereused to explore the prediction accuracy, resulting in an accuracy rate of 70.1% for AHP and 71% for Fuzzy-AHP. These findings suggest that the Fuzzy-AHP model is effective in accurately identifying GWPZs in this area. Additionally, using remote sensing (RS) and GIS, the current study created a map by overlaying the lineament and drainage maps to determine suitable locations for artificial recharge. One-hundred-forty suitable locations for artificial recharge sites were identified based on Fuzzy-AHP. The study's reliable findings assist decision-makers and water users in the research area to use groundwater resources sustainably. This information aids in sustainable planning and management of groundwater resources, ensuring their availability and sustainability for future generations.

Assessment of groundwater potential zones in Saroor Nagar watershed, Telangana, India, using geospatial techniques and analytical hierarchy process.

Human survival depends on access to water. Studies of surface water are well documented, but it is challenging to know precisely where to find the groundwater resources. In order to meet water needs both now and in the future, precise understanding of groundwater resources is necessary. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS) in combination with multicriteria parameters have become an effective method for assessing groundwater potential in recent years. To date, however, there have been no attempts made to define the study area's groundwater potential. As a result, the groundwater potential of the Saroor Nagar watershed consisting an area of 42 km2 was delineated in this study using AHP, overlay analysis, GIS, and seven thematic layers (geology, slope, drainage density, rainfall, distance to waterbody, soil, and land use/land cover) for the years 2008, 2014, and 2020. The weights are assigned based on the overall setting of the region, and AHP looks for consistency ratios to optimize the weights and ranks of different thematic layers. The resulting groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) delineated using the above methods have been classified as very good, good, moderate, and poor. The research revealed that the study area has only moderate and good potential zones, with few poor zones and no very good zones. In the years 2008, 2014, and 2020, the moderate zones accounted for 76.19, 86.2, and 59.76%, of the total area, respectively, and the good zones accounted for 23.57, 12.61, and 40% of the total area. Using groundwater level data and the ROC method, the obtained result was validated, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.762, 0.850, 0.724 for 2008, 2014, and 2020, respectively, proving the viability of the suggested method for defining groundwater potential zones.

Assessment of groundwater potential zones for urban development site suitability analysis in Srivaikundam region, Thoothukudi district, South India

To demarcate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) for the Srivaikundam region in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India, an effort was made in this study to locate the subsurface basin for groundwater storage and to identify the suitable destination for the urban development, agricultural, and drinking needs. This study using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) with analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to their respective importance for groundwater occurrence, Saaty's scale was appropriately weighted to give the thematic layers and their attributes. The selected thematic maps were then merged using the weighted linear combination method to produce the final groundwater potential zone map after the layers' assigned weights and their features had been standardized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and eigenvector approach. Based on Saaty's 9-point scale, each criterion or factor was given the proper weight, and the weights were then normalized using the analytic hierarchy approach (AHP). To create the groundwater potential prediction map for the research area, the method was incorporated into the GIS environment. For the purpose of identifying potential urban residential development sites, the generated GWPZ is combined with eight different thematic layers. Groundwater conditions have been used to define GIS analysis criteria, and each information layer has been assigned an appropriate rank and weightage. Finally, groundwater recharge zones have been selected and classified into low, medium, and high based on cumulative weighted value. The moderate groundwater potential zone covers the majority of the land, with areas of very low 0.5 km2 (0.1%), low 112.3 km2 (17.7%), medium 428.7 km2 (67.6%), high 87.8 km2 (13.8%), and very high 5.1 km2 (0.8%) accordingly. Furthermore, higher groundwater yields are estimated in medium to good zones, indicating greater potentiality of groundwater sources.

An assessment of groundwater potential zones of Mal block of Dooars region (India) using remote sensing and GIS with AHP method

An assessment of groundwater potential zones of Mal block of Dooars region (India) using remote sensing and GIS with AHP method

Assessment of groundwater potential zones using GIS and remote sensing techniques in the Bole District, Savannah Region, Ghana

Assessment of groundwater potential zones using GIS and remote sensing techniques in the Bole District, Savannah Region, Ghana

Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones of Upper Blue Nile River Basin Using Multi-Influencing Factors under GIS and RS Environment: A Case Study on Guder Watersheds, Abay Basin, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Groundwater is the most crucial resource for human beings and plays an important role in combating climate change and is substantial to human existence on the globe. Overall increased demand for water in different sectors, population growth, and unreliable rainfall necessitates the planning and management of groundwater. In this study, groundwater potential zones are delineated by combining remote sensing and geographical information system techniques in the Guder watersheds of the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Groundwater potential zones are prepared by using various multi-influencing factors like geomorphology, land use/cover, lithology, soil type, soil texture, drainage density, slope, lineament, rainfall, and elevation. These influencing factors’ features were given appropriate weightage according to Saaty’s AHP method, expert judgment, and their relative significance for groundwater occurrence. The groundwater potential zone was classified into different categories as very poor, poor, moderate, good, and very good according to quantile classification. This study reveals that about 33.6% of the Guder River Basin represents a good andvery good GWPZ category with an equal value of 16.8%,; while values 23.3%, 20.2%, and 22.9% were denoted by very poor, poor, and moderate groundwater potential zone, respectively. GWPZ was validated by field-collected data such as well discharge and soil depth. An accepted similarity was observed between delineated GWPZ and the basin’s soil depth graphically. The results of this study were also verified by correlation and kappa statistics values of 0.73and 77%, respectively. The study is certain with a sensible dimension of consistency in pairwise comparison between influencing and the overall weightage. The very high GWPZs are found in the northern part starting from the center longitude of the study area, more along with the northwestern, southern, and southwestern of the Guder subbasin. Low to very low groundwater potentiality has been seen at different distances from the center due to the presence of escapements, hills and steep side slopes, slopes, and rock surfaces. The study also revealed that the zone of high groundwater potential has high soil depth, and the zone of low groundwater showed low soil depth as the capacity of the aquifer to store water may depend on the depth of soil profile. This study attests to the GIS and remote sensing techniques as an effective model for delineation of GWPZs and can be applied at other basins of Ethiopia.

Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Analytic Hierarchy Process a Case Study of Damoh District of Madhya Pradesh India

Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Analytic Hierarchy Process a Case Study of Damoh District of Madhya Pradesh India

Applications of Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of Land Cover and Groundwater Potentiality Zones

In the field of groundwater engineering, a convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a great role to assess the spatial groundwater potentiality zones and land use/land cover changes based on remote sensing (RS) technology. CNN can be offering a great potential to extract complex spatial features with multiple high levels of generalization. However, geometric distortion and fuzzy entity boundaries as well as a huge data preparation severance may be the main constraint and affect the spatial potential of CNN application for land cover classification. This study aims to recognize the proficiency of deep learning algorithms, i.e., CNN, for spatial assessment of groundwater potential zones and land cover. Among the groundwater influencing factors, classification of land cover (agriculture, built-up, water bodies, forests, and bare land) has been reported by several researchers for different purposes and they approved the CNN capability for the prediction of spatial groundwater potentiality zones like very high, high, moderate, poor, and very poor areas. In this study, CNN is recommended as a very essential algorithm for the identification of groundwater potential zones and classification of land use/land cover change. CNN gives a better option for scholars regarding when the limited data sets are available for validation.

Assessment of groundwater potential zones and mapping using GIS/RS techniques and analytic hierarchy process: A case study on saline soil area, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

<abstract> <p>The research purpose is to assess and delineate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in the saline soil area in the districts of Non-Thai, Non-Sung, Non-Daeng, Khong, and Kham Sakae Saeng, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, using remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) techniques. The GWPZs were created by combining multiple influencing factors such as slope, landforms, annual rainfall, soil texture class, drainage density, geology, hydrogeological unit, land use/land cover, groundwater potential, and normalized difference vegetation index of the study area. The AHP technique was used to determine the weights of various thematic layers to identify the groundwater potential zone. The weights of the thematic layers in descending order consisted of hydrogeological unit (17.61%), geology (17.10%), groundwater potential (12.09%), soil texture class (12.09%), drainage density (8.55%), landforms (8.46%), land use/land cover (6.05%), slope (6.01%), annual rainfall (6.01%), and normalized difference vegetation index (6.01%), respectively. The acceptable consistency ratio (CR) is used to evaluate the reliability of AHP techniques, and which coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.7131 was used to validate the salinity data of 17 groundwater wells. The overall weightage of the AHP technique assessment was classified into 5 categories of the GWPZs including very high potential, high potential, moderate potential, poor potential, and very poor potential. The mostly groundwater quality distribution represented a moderate potential of about 1,101 km<sup>2</sup> (46.01%) to a poor potential of about 1,114 km<sup>2</sup> (46.57%) from the 2,390 km<sup>2</sup> of the study area located throughout the study area especially Kham Sakae Saeng, Non-Thai, and Non-Sung districts.</p> </abstract>

Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones across Katrol Hill Fault, Kachchh, Western India: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

The present study focuses on the use of remote sensing and geographical information system tools for morphometric and geomorphic analysis of major river basins across the Katrol Hill Fault, which makes drainage divide. It aims to find groundwater potential for the management and planning of groundwater resources. The study area consists of 6 major watersheds of major river systems namely Bhurud, Khari, and Pat flowing north of the major divide, while Rukmawati, Nagavanti, and Bhukhi are southerly flowing rivers. Based on linear, areal, and geomorphic aspects, a watershed with excellent groundwater potential was found. The highest order in the area is the 5th order stream. Appropriate drainage network characteristics, elongated shape, and permeable lithological formation with low relief among all the watersheds made WS3 be excellent potential for groundwater. The statistical analysis, where Cp value was computed, showed the potential groundwater zone to be in WS3 followed by WS2 and WS5. These results were even verified with field data, collected from well-inventory and that too favored WS3 as an excellent groundwater potential.

Assessment of groundwater potential zones using GIS and AHP techniques: a case study of the Lafia district, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

In the Lafia district, rising population has increased the need for groundwater resources for economic growth. Sustainable groundwater resource management demands accurate quantitative assessment, which may be accomplished using scientific theories and innovative methods. In present study, an integrated method has been employed to assess the groundwater potential zones in the Lafia district utilizing remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and analytic hierarchy method (AHP). For this aim, eight thematic maps regulating to occurrence and transportation of groundwater (i.e., geology, rainfall, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, soil, land use/land cover and lineament density) were generated and converted into raster format utilizing ArcGIS tool. Weights were assigned to these eight thematic maps based on their importance. Moreover, the final normalized weights of these parameters were calculated adopting pairwise comparison matrix of the AHP. To create the groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) map of the research area, we employed the overlay weighted sum approach to combine the parameters. The map has been divided into four zones (good, moderate, poor and very poor), each of which represents 19.3, 12.9, 57.8, and 10% of the study area. Lastly, the GWPZs map was validated utilizing borehole data obtained from 50 wells scattered throughout the study area to examine the performance of the approach. The validation results demonstrate that the adopted procedure produces highly reliable results that can aid in long-term development and strategic use of groundwater resources in this area.

An integrated geospatial multi-influencing factor approach to delineate and identify groundwater potential zones in Kabul Province, Afghanistan

This study evaluated the spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones in Kabul Province, Afghanistan using the geospatial multi-influencing factor approach. The influencing parameters employed for the assessment of groundwater potential zones were land slope, geology, soil type, land use/land cover, lineament density, rainfall, and drainage density. The subclasses within each influencing parameter were subdivided based on their influence on groundwater potential as major, minor, and no effect, and were subsequently assigned a score value. The combined score value of these parameters was used for calculating their relative weights. The delineated groundwater potential zones were classified in four groups, i.e., poor, moderate, good, and very good. The study results revealed that zones with a very good groundwater potential covered an area of 355 km2 (2% of the total area), good 1524 km2 (20%), moderate 2251 km2 (73%), and poor 477 km2 (5%). The study concluded that the geospatial-assisted multi-influencing factor approach was very useful and efficient technique for the assessment of groundwater potential zones and can be effectively employed to enhance the conceptual understanding of groundwater resources of Kabul Basin, Afghanistan.