Assessment Of Government Policies Research Articles

Efficiency of Low-Carbon Technologies Implementation at Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises under the Conditions of Carbon-Regulation Development in Russia

Carbon markets are highly relevant to the need to regulate man-made greenhouse gas emissions. As the world faces the dangerous effects of global warming, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a critical priority for governments, corporations and individuals around the world. Carbon markets offer a way to incentivize and encourage emissions reductions and facilitate a smooth transition to a low-carbon economy. Low-carbon development is possible by building transparent and understandable organizational and economic conditions for the operation of carbon regulation. This article considers the feasibility of introducing energy-efficient technologies at Polymetal International PLC enterprises located in Khabarovsk region, engaged in the mining and processing of non-ferrous and precious metals (gold, silver and copper) in light of the country’s growing attention to the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions. The objective of this study is to model the organizational and economic conditions of the carbon market and estimate the economic and climate outcomes from the implementation of energy-efficient technologies at Polymetal International PLC. This study analyzes the current energy-consumption structure of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in Russia and identifies potential areas for the use of energy-efficient technologies. An important aspect is the assessment of government policies and incentives that could facilitate the introduction of low-carbon technologies. It is important to assess the impact of prospective carbon-management plans in Russia on the economic performance of steel companies. The results of this study suggest that the introduction of low-carbon technologies has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption, lower operating costs and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from non-ferrous metal companies in Russia. However, the successful implementation of these technologies will require significant investment, stakeholder cooperation and political support from the Russian government.

Assessment of Government Policies, Farm Subsidies, and Agriculture Growth

Political ideology serves as the nexus that intertwines various aspects of farming policy formulation, subsidy distribution, foreign grants, and the growth rate of the agricultural sector. This article takes a comprehensive look at the intricate relationship between People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD) and the development of farmer-centric policy formulation, the different types of farm subsidies, and their allocation. This examination is conducted by evaluating the various categories of agricultural funding projects and their outcomes, as well as analyzing the performance of the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP). The descriptive findings of this study illuminate the direct influence of PMPD in shaping pro-farmer policy formulations. Farmers have been benefiting from moderate-level input subsidies designed to facilitate the acquisition of capital assets for the promotion of agricultural technology. These subsidies are sourced from both regular government funds and donor-supported initiatives that have been executed over varying periods. The average subsidy rate remains below 50%, contingent upon its intended purpose. Despite the positive political support, the AGDP has consistently hovered around the 3% mark throughout different development plans. It’s worth noting that not only PMPD but also other political paradigms such as the Panchayat system or multi-party democracy have significantly propelled economic growth. This underscores the need for renewed endeavors to leverage farmer’s equity funds, the government’s routine budget, loans, and grant funds. This study recommends the establishment of a collaborative platform involving farmers, the government, financial institutions, and donors, to successfully execute a growth-oriented business plan. Additionally, the study strongly advocates for three major investments: the establishment of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, hybrid seed production projects, and the creation of a resource center. These investments are crucial for the enhancement of key agricultural value chains.

DYNAMICS OF THE RURAL INDIAN ECONOMY: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

This research article presents a comprehensive study on the dynamics of the rural Indian economy. With a focus on understanding the key sectors, evaluating government policies, exploring technology's role, and analyzing challenges and opportunities, this study aims to provide insights into the intricacies of rural economic development. Through an in-depth examination of the primary sectors driving the rural economy, including agriculture, livestock, forestry, handicrafts, and rural industries, the research uncovers their economic significance, interdependencies, and growth potential. The assessment of government policies and initiatives sheds light on their impact on income generation, employment opportunities, infrastructure development, and market access in rural areas. the study explores the transformative power of technology and innovation in rural economic development. It investigates successful models and interventions that leverage technology to enhance productivity, value chain integration, and market access in rural sectors. The research also addresses the challenges faced by the rural Indian economy, such as agrarian distress, limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, and climate change impacts. By identifying opportunities for sustainable development, such as diversification of rural livelihoods, promotion of entrepreneurship, and strengthening of rural-urban linkages, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of rural economic growth and prosperity.

Гіпотеза раціональних очікувань у міжнародній економіці: розвиток у різних країнах

The article reveals the development of the hypothesis of rational expectations according to the theory of rational expectations (TRO), where economic entities in their forecasts make optimal use of all available information, including the assessment of government policy, to form an opinion on future developments. It turns out that expectations in the economy are very important. Rational expectations are those that can be systematically erroneous. They do not necessarily have to be performed exactly, but this is only because economic processes are subject to random fluctuations that do not depend on the actions of the state, or because the actions of the state in economic policy are unpredictable for economic agents.

The Burden of Motherhood: An Assessment of Government Policy Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Working Mothers in Nigeria

Nigeria has witnessed a rapid increase in female labour participation such that it risks a decline in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate – despite the World Health Organization’s and government’s endorsement of EBF. EBF is a beneficial process of feeding an infant with breast milk only during the first six months. This study aims to assess the extent to which the Nigerian policy addresses the barriers and contributes to improved EBF rates among working mothers in Nigeria. It takes a qualitative approach – policy analysis. The policy analysis critically evaluated the content of the National Policy on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Nigeria (2010) and the Labour Act (2004). The policy documents addressed these barriers to an extent. However, they showed minimal coherence. There are still policy gaps and disparity between the policies and their implementation – attributable to inadequate clarity and insufficient mechanism to spur policy compliance. Therefore, nutritionists should be engaged in such nutrition-specific policy formulation. Further research to measure the impact of this recommendation is encouraged.

Understanding The Educational Administrator’s Role in a Turbulent Ethnic Education System

ABSTRACT This study examined the performance of superintendents and leaders of the Arab education system in Israel in reducing achievement gaps and promoting curricula that empower and advance students. In-depth interviews were conducted with school governance officials in an attempt to address these key issues: (1) The steps administrators in the Arab education system take to reduce underachievement and empower change agents during crises; (2) Arab school superintendents’ and local government education officers’ assessment of government policies as empowering or disempowering; (3) The extent to which superintendents believe that cultural change is required within existing administrative structures before they can empower school communities to become societal innovators for equity, peace, and renewal. The findings were analyzed according to themes and categories, and examined through the lens of the Turbulence Theory. Results revealed that Arab educational leaders strive to reduce achievement gaps by increasing the curriculum’s relevance to the school community, and balancing the community’s demands for quality education with technocratic policy demands by the Ministry of Education. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

On the (Ir)Relevance of Distribution and Labor Supply Distortion to Government Policy

Should the assessment of government policies, such as the provision of public goods and the control of externalities, deviate from first-best principles to account for distributive effects and the distortionary cost of labor income taxation? For example, is the optimal extent of public goods provision smaller than indicated by the Samuelson rule because finance is distortionary? Or should environmental regulations fail to internalize externalities fully if the incidence of the regulations is regressive? It is suggested that these questions are best addressed by considering distribution-neutral implementation, in which budget balance is achieved by choosing an adjustment to the income tax that offsets the distributive impact of the policy in question. In basic cases, both distribution and labor supply distortion are moot because the target policy and the tax adjustment produce offsetting effects on each. Thus, traditional first-best principles provide good benchmarks for policy analysis after all. Moreover, even when actual implementation will not be distribution neutral in aggregate, distribution-neutral policy analysis has many conceptual and practical virtues that render it quite useful to investigators.

On the (Ir)Relevance of Distribution and Labor Supply Distortion to Government Policy

Should the assessment of government policies, such as the provision of public goods and the control of externalities, deviate from first-best principles to account for distributive effects and for the distortionary cost of labor income taxation? For example, is the optimal extent of public goods provision smaller than indicated by the Samuelson rule because finance is distortionary? Or should environmental regulations fail to internalize externalities fully if the incidence of the regulations is regressive? It is suggested that these questions are best addressed by considering distribution-neutral implementation, in which budget balance is achieved by choosing an adjustment to the income tax that offsets the distributive impact of the policy in question. In basic cases, both distribution and labor supply distortion are moot because the target policy and the tax adjustment produce offsetting effects on each. Thus, traditional first-best principles provide good benchmarks for policy analysis after all. Moreover, even when actual implementation will not be distribution neutral in aggregate, distribution-neutral policy analysis has many conceptual and practical virtues that render it quite useful to investigators.

The decline of British shipping: a case for action? A comment on ‘The decline of the U.K. merchant fleet: an assessment of government policies in recent years’

(1993). The decline of British shipping: a case for action? A comment on ‘The decline of the U.K. merchant fleet: an assessment of government policies in recent years’. Maritime Policy & Management: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 93-100.

The decline of the U.K. merchant fleet: an assessment of government policies in recent years—a rejoinder to Goss's comment

(1993). The decline of the U.K. merchant fleet: an assessment of government policies in recent years—a rejoinder to Goss's comment. Maritime Policy & Management: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 325-326.

The decline of the UK merchant fleet: an assessment of government policies in recent years

This paper attempts to outline the evolution of UK shipping policy since the mid 1980s, in the context of the decline of the UK Merchant Marine. It provides an analysis of the action, or inaction, of the UK government during the period up to 1991, and assesses whether a coherent and logical policy has been developed. In so doing it evaluates whether the UK is in line with the actions of the EC and its other maritime competitors in the field of shipping policy and whether, as a consequence, the decline of the Merchant Marine has been actively hindered or helped. An assessment is also made in the light of continuing political developments in the UK, and those predicted for the coming months.

Union Membership in New Zealand: An Assessment of Government Policy

There are certain issues in the field of industrial relations in New Zealand that periodically rise to prominence. One such issue is the ques­tion of union membership, which has been once again thrust into the limelight by a statement the Minister of Labour made earlier this year. The Minister announced that during 1976 legislation would be introduced to provide for a ballot amongst workers to determine whether union mem­bership in their particular trade, industry or occupation should be voluntary or compulsory. This announcement was in accordance with the National Party’s election policy statement on industrial relations, that stated:A National Government will change the law to give workers an effective means to decide whether their unions should be compulsory or voluntary.” Not surprisingly, the Minister’s announcement has provoked much comment and vigorous debate amongst persons concerned with industrial relations in New Zealand. It is the purpose of this short article to analyse briefly the various statutory provisions that have related to union member­ship, then to examine the Government’s proposed scheme for amending the existing statutory union membership provisions, and finally to suggest some implications of voluntary unionism upon the present industrial rela­tions system in New Zealand.

THE UNITED KINGDOM FOOD PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTIVE TRADES: AN APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC POLICIES

This paper gives a critical assessment of government policies relating to this sector of the economy in the postwar period. Particular analysis is made of policies affecting the nature of the business environment in more recent years. An underlying theme is the relative lack of academic study of this sector as a basis by which to evaluate whether its constituent industries function effectively even when allowance is made for inherent normative problems in their appraisal. Areas deserving of particular research are suggested.